belete feyera

Background: Complementary feeding is a process starting at 6 months of age when breastfeeding alone cannot provide the nutrients infants require. Foods and liquids are started along with breastfeeding up to 24 months, while complementary foods are available either from a garden or local market appropriate to complement breast milk at 6 months to satisfy the nutritional needs of the infant. Infancy is from birth to 12 months of age, and the term young child is used when referring to infants and children from 12 months to 2 years of age. Infants and young children require a sufficient diet that includes all nutrients that support overall growth and development. Appropriate feeding practices are crucial during infancy and early childhood. In addition to breastfeeding, complementary feeding should be started on time, administered safely and appropriately, and in sufficient amounts with regularity, consistency, and a variety of foods to meet nutritional needs. Objectives: This work was designed to understand the perceptions and practices of infant and young child feeding among mothers with children under 2 years in the West Shewa Zone Toke Kutaye districts. Methods: The study was conducted from December 05 to December 30, 2023. Twenty-seven mothers with children under 2 years old participated. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive qualitative study that employed focus group discussions and in-depth interviews to gather perceptions, opinions, practices, beliefs, and experiences about infant and young child feeding. Before coding, texts were double-checked against audio files to ensure accuracy and consistency. Afan Oromo conducted verbatim transcriptions of the focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, transcribed into Microsoft Word 2010. Results: The study revealed that most infants were not initiated early into breastfeeding and were not exclusively breastfed because most mothers gave cow milk, especially after 2 months, when mothers returned to working on other activities. Most mothers begin complementary feeding at the age of 4 months. Conclusions: The responses of mothers from all age strata regarding factors that hinder appropriate infant and young child feeding show a lack of awareness about initiating early breastfeeding. Extreme work overload prevented the feeding of breast milk and preparation of a complementary diet as per protocol, low utilization of family planning, and a perceived shortage of food items to prepare a balanced diet for complementary feeding were factors that hindered appropriate infant and young child feeding. Concerned stakeholders should work to alleviate the extreme workload among mothers with children under 2 years old and reduce their lack of awareness by designing appropriate infant and young child feeding education; cooking demonstrations are strongly recommended.

Background: Non-adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has serious consequences both on the individual and the society. It diminishes the effectiveness of viral suppression, promotes viral resistance, and places the individual at risk of hospitalization, opportunistic infection, and HIV transmission. Objective: To assess the level of adherence and factors associated with Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV infected children in selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 380 under-fifteen years old children who had been taking ART for at least 6 months, and on their respective caregivers. It was conducted at pediatrics ART units of the selected hospitals from January to March, 2014. From five public hospitals that were giving the service, two were selected through simple random sampling technique. The data were entered into Epi Info 3.5.3 and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. The statistical association between the ...

Back ground: Antenatal Care (ANC) is the care given to pregnant women during pregnancy and it is one of the pillars of maternal health services. Adverse pregnancy outcomes can be minimized if antenatal care is received timely or early in the pregnancy, during the first 16 weeks of gestation for the first time and continued until delivery. The objective of this study was to assess the timely booking and the factors associated with the first ANC attendance among pregnant women in the public health centers in Addis Ababa.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional quantitative study design was conducted on 422 pregnant women from ten randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa. Data were collected through a structured interview, and they were extracted from the record. The sample size was allocated proportional to the number of pregnant women attending ANC in each of the health centers. A timely booking for first ANC attendance during the first 16 weeks of gestation was an outcome va...

Back ground: Antenatal Care (ANC) is the care given to pregnant women during pregnancy and it is one of the pillars of
maternal health services. Adverse pregnancy outcomes can be minimized if antenatal care is received timely or early in the
pregnancy, during the first 16 weeks of gestation for the first time and continued until delivery. The objective of this study
was to assess the timely booking and the factors associated with the first ANC attendance among pregnant women in the
public health centers in Addis Ababa.
Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional quantitative study design was conducted on 422 pregnant women from ten
randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa. Data were collected through a structured interview, and they were
extracted from the record. The sample size was allocated proportional to the number of pregnant women attending ANC
in each of the health centers. A timely booking for first ANC attendance during the first 16 weeks of gestation was an
outcome variable. A logistic regressions analysis was employed to see the effect of the independent variables on the
dependent variable.
Results: The proportion of pregnant women who timely booked for first ANC attendance was 110 (26.1%) and the rest
(312(73.9%)) initiated during the late pregnancy period. Young pregnant women or <25 years old women (AOR=2.56,
95% CI: 0.11-3.72), being a government employee (AOR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.26-0.94), nulliparous pregnant women
(AOR=1.36, 95% CI: 0.69-1.76) and knowledge of obstetric danger signs (AOR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.49-11.25) were
statistically significant with timely booking for first ANC attendance.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, most of the pregnant women did not book for their first ANC
attendance in a timely manner. The timely booking showed significant association with younger age (<25years), nulliparity
and having knowledge of at least two obstetric danger signs. However, the mothers who were working in government
institutions were less likely to book in a timely manner. Targeted health education is required for pregnant women,
especially those who are older, primiparous and multiparous, and who do not know about obstetric danger signs, about
the importance of timely booking for ANC and obstetric danger signs to escalate their awareness. The authors strongly
suggest that all pregnant women who are working in government institutions should get official permission for ANC
follow up. For a better understanding of the issues, the authors recommended a wide-ranging study that addresses all
aspects of obstetric issues of pregnant women at all level of health facilities.
Key words: Antenatal care, parity, gravidity, obstetric danger signs

Background: Non-adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has serious consequences both on the individual and the
society. It diminishes the effectiveness of viral suppression, promotes viral resistance, and places the individual at risk of
hospitalization, opportunistic infection, and HIV transmission.
Objective: To assess the level of adherence and factors associated with Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV infected
children in selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 380 under-fifteen years old children who had been
taking ART for at least 6 months, and on their respective caregivers. It was conducted at pediatrics ART units of the
selected hospitals from January to March, 2014. From five public hospitals that were giving the service, two were selected
through simple random sampling technique. The data were entered into Epi Info 3.5.3 and analyzed using SPSS Version
20. The statistical association between the outcome and predictor variables were assessed by logistic regression model,
using adjusted Odds Ratio with its 95% CI. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: As 380 of the caregivers of the children were interviewed, a response rate of 95% was obtained. The level of
adherence to ART was 355 (93.4%). The main reason for 7(28%) of the non-adherent participants skipping their treatment
was forgetting. The factors that had statistical association with the adherence were the caregivers’ with secondary and
above educational status (AOR=4.17, 95%CI: 1.30, 13.32); the Child’s age <5years (AOR=11.24, 95%CI: 1.32, 95.45);
lack of nutritional support (AOR=0.40, 95%CI: 0.005, 0.308); and the children who were aware of their HIV sero-status
(AOR=4.26, 95%CI: 1.48, 12.18).
Conclusion: The level of adherence to ART in the study area was suboptimal. The caregivers’ educational status, the age
of the children, lack of nutritional support, and non-disclosure sero-status were associated with non-adherence to ART.
Since forgetting was the main reason reported for missing ART doses, use of reminders should be encouraged. The
caregivers should inform the children about their sero-status. Additionally, the caregivers and the clinicians should look
for various means to meet the nutritional requirements of the children. In general, a collaborative effort of all stakeholders
is recommended to enhance adherence to ART among HIV infected children.
Key Words: Adherence, ART, Care giver, HIV/AIDS

Background: Alcohol is a psycho active, toxic and potentially addictive substance. It is a causal factor in over 60 diseases and
injuries and accounted for 6.4% of all deaths in the world and the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in the prisoner population
to be higher than in the general population.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of alcohol use disorder among prisoners at Ambo town, west shoa zone, Oromia
regional state, Central Ethiopia, 2019
Method: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ambo town by using systematic random sampling
method, from sample of 345 prisoners by using self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ) interview by using AUDIT questionnaire.
Simple random sampling was use to select number of prisoners. Data was checked for completeness and any incomplete
information were excluded from the entry.The study was conducted after a letter of permission from Ambo university send to
Ambo town general prison.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of AUDs detected in our facility-based survey of Ambo town prisoners implies the need to
design effective screening tools and feasible interventions for AUDs.This study found a high prevalence of alcohol use disorder
among prisoners in a correctional institution in Ambo town, central Ethiopia, in the 12 months before imprisonment. The most
commonly used was alcohol, followed by khat, nicotine, and shishas. Generally, despite the increased morbidity of alcohol users
and unpleasant psychosocial consequences of this habit, most prisoners reported not receiving treatment prior to imprisonment.
Key words: prevalence; alcohol use disorders; Ambo prisoners; Ambo; Central Ethiopia

Background: Alcohol is a psycho active, toxic and potentially addictive substance. It is a causal factor in over 60 diseases and
injuries and accounted for 6.4% of all deaths in the world and the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in the prisoner population
to be higher than in the general population.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of alcohol use disorder among prisoners at Ambo town, west shoa zone, Oromia
regional state, Central Ethiopia, 2019
Method: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ambo town by using systematic random sampling
method, from sample of 345 prisoners by using self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ) interview by using AUDIT questionnaire.
Simple random sampling was use to select number of prisoners. Data was checked for completeness and any incomplete
information were excluded from the entry.The study was conducted after a letter of permission from Ambo university send to
Ambo town general prison.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of AUDs detected in our facility-based survey of Ambo town prisoners implies the need to
design effective screening tools and feasible interventions for AUDs.This study found a high prevalence of alcohol use disorder
among prisoners in a correctional institution in Ambo town, central Ethiopia, in the 12 months before imprisonment. The most
commonly used was alcohol, followed by khat, nicotine, and shishas. Generally, despite the increased morbidity of alcohol users
and unpleasant psychosocial consequences of this habit, most prisoners reported not receiving treatment prior to imprisonment.
Key words: prevalence; alcohol use disorders; Ambo prisoners; Ambo; Central Ethiopia