This book presents a description of the consonant system of the North Kashubian dialect of Bór an... more This book presents a description of the consonant system of the North Kashubian dialect of Bór and Jastarnia.
Jocz, Lechosław, “Slovincian”, in: Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online, Edito... more Jocz, Lechosław, “Slovincian”, in: Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online, Editor-in-Chief University of Kansas General Editor University of Chicago Associate Editors University of Kansas Brown University University of Amsterdam University of Warsaw University of Zagreb University of Mainz Stockholm University Marc L. Greenberg, Lenore A. Grenoble, Stephen M. Dickey, Masako Ueda Fidler, René Genis, Marek Łaziński, Anita Peti-Stantić, Björn Wiemer, Nadežda V. Zorixina-Nilsson. Consulted online on 18 May 2020 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589-6229_ESLO_COM_032382>
First published online: 2020
Jocz, Lechosław, “Polabian”, in: Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online, Editor-... more Jocz, Lechosław, “Polabian”, in: Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online, Editor-in-Chief University of Kansas General Editor University of Chicago Associate Editors University of Kansas Brown University University of Amsterdam University of Warsaw University of Zagreb University of Mainz Stockholm University Marc L. Greenberg, Lenore A. Grenoble, Stephen M. Dickey, Masako Ueda Fidler, René Genis, Marek Łaziński, Anita Peti-Stantić, Björn Wiemer, Nadežda V. Zorixina-Nilsson. Consulted online on 18 May 2020 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589-6229_ESLO_COM_032384>
First published online: 2020
The present paper analyses the reflexes of the old contrast */u/ : */uː/ after labials and velars... more The present paper analyses the reflexes of the old contrast */u/ : */uː/ after labials and velars and word-initially in the Kashubian dialect of Jastarnia. According to the descriptions from the the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the contrast was preserved word-initially and word-internally as a contrast of quantity and quality (with a probable weakening of the first component of the contrast). Word-finally, the contrast was weak and disappearing. Sources from the middle of the 20th century claim that the contrast has been entirely lost in all positions and that all vowel sounds in question are free variants of one phoneme /u/. However, the analysis of the contemporary material shows clearly that the old contrast was preserved word-initially and word-internally with some sparse cases of trivial morphological levelling. Two phonemes, /ʉ/ and /u/, have to be assumed. The current system is strongly correlated with the system documented in the oldest descriptions and could not develop secondarily from a hypothetical system which would merge */u/ and */uː/ to any extent going beyond a free variation in some forms while the morphological levelling acting. It seems that the claims of the publications from the middle of the 20th century (refuting the existence of the contrast) had an irrational (personal and maybe national) background.
The present paper is an addendum to the monograph System samogłoskowy współczesnych gwar centraln... more The present paper is an addendum to the monograph System samogłoskowy współczesnych gwar centralnokaszubskich (Jocz 2013) and presents results of some additional measurements and (re-)calculations. The issues addressed here are: 1) the quality of */õ/ and its relationship to /oː/, 2) the qualities and relationships of /i, ɘ, ɜ, e/ after hard and soft consonants, as well specifically after velars and /l/, 3) the realisation of /ʌ/ before /w/, 4) the quality of [ɒ] in relationship to /o/, and 5) minor variants of /i, a, e/. Simultaneously, phonological consequences of the discussed phonetic phenomena are presented. Some details of the original description are revised and modified. E.g. the main allophones of /ɜ/ appear to be [ɘ̟, ɛ̽] rather than [ɘ̟, ɛ] and the phonetic identification of /ɘ/ with /i/ after soft consonants is much less frequented than previously estimated. The other analyses also offer additional hints for a detailed phonological description of the Central Kashubian vowel system.
The paper is devoted to the development of the nasal vowels in the Kashubian dialect of Strzepcz.... more The paper is devoted to the development of the nasal vowels in the Kashubian dialect of Strzepcz. Taking modern analyses of their pronunciation in other Kashubian dialects, one can assume that older description are highly outdated. The paper is based on an auditory analysis of over 450 realisation of the original nasal vowels in various contexts with a support of visual analyses of spectrograms and auxiliary acoustic measurements. Two speakers (man and woman) represented the middle generation and two (man and woman) the older generation. A synchronous nasality occurred in only 1,9% of realisations (without taking account of *[ɑ̃] at the end of the word where it is denasalized without exception) and only in the case of *[õ] in the front of fricative consonants. In 3,7% of realizations a full denasalisation was observed. In 94,4% of cases occurred an asynchronous nasality with a vowel and following nasal consonant or glide. The vocalic (syllabic) segment is in over 80% of asynchronous realisations fully denesalised. The observed situation is diametrically different from those presented in the older descriptions. From the phonological point of view on should analyse the original nasal vowels as sequences of /V/ and underlying glide /w̃/.
The Vowel System of the Dialect of Dąbrówka Wielkopolska. The aim of the paper is to provide a ph... more The Vowel System of the Dialect of Dąbrówka Wielkopolska. The aim of the paper is to provide a phonetic and phonological description of the vowel system of the Dąbrówka Wielkopolska dialect. The analysed material revealed the very good retention of the original dialectal phenomena (e.g. the diphthongal pronunciation of *[ɨ], diversity of monophthongal and diphthongal variants of */o/, or two allophones of /u/ conditioned by the preceding consonant). The acoustic analyses provide a precise phonetic description of the dialect's vowels and revisions to the previous descriptions (e.g. the allophone of /u/ after coronal and palatal consonants is not only lowered, but also centralised, the reflexes of */eː, eN, ẽ/ after palatals are distinct from /i/, the reflex of */aː/ is sometimes lower than [ɔ], but never reaches the height of [ɒ]). Farther, the perceptive and acoustic analyses revealed a – hitherto unnoticed – opposition between the reflexes of */eː/ on the one hand, and the reflexes of */e/ before /N/ and the vocalic reflexes of */ẽ/ on the other, and, consequently, made it possible to discover a "new" vowel phoneme.
The papers is devoted to the VOT of stops in the Polish dialect of Dąbrówka Wielkopolska. Accordi... more The papers is devoted to the VOT of stops in the Polish dialect of Dąbrówka Wielkopolska. According to the results, the dialect shows an interesting VOT-pattern with strongly aspirated /p, t, k/ and /b, d, g/ varying between fully voiced, partially voiced and voiceless realisations (generally not overlapingg with the values of /p, t, k/). From the phonological point of view one should assume an opposition fortis-lenes rather than voiced-voiceless in the dialect. It can be a result of the German influence or an archaic trait.
The paper gives a phonological and acoustic description of the Luzino vowel system. The analysis ... more The paper gives a phonological and acoustic description of the Luzino vowel system. The analysis showed evident phonetic changes in the last 50-60 years which are, however, not so numerous and striking as in many other Kashubian dialects. The most important of them are: heightening of stressed *[ɛ] into [ɘ̟], phonetic reduction and identification of unstressed *[ɛ] and [ə], splitting of *[ɑ̃, õ] into [VN], and disappearance of fronted allophones of /u/. The paper enabled also to describe some vowel sounds of the dialect much more precisely than it was done in the past which apply especially to *[ə] and *[ɑː]. As to the phonology, contrasts between all 9 oral phonemes established in older descriptions were retained. The original nasal vowels were, conversely, lost as phonemes and developed into sequences /Vŋ/ with various phonetic realizations of /ŋ/.
This book presents a description of the consonant system of the North Kashubian dialect of Bór an... more This book presents a description of the consonant system of the North Kashubian dialect of Bór and Jastarnia.
Jocz, Lechosław, “Slovincian”, in: Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online, Edito... more Jocz, Lechosław, “Slovincian”, in: Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online, Editor-in-Chief University of Kansas General Editor University of Chicago Associate Editors University of Kansas Brown University University of Amsterdam University of Warsaw University of Zagreb University of Mainz Stockholm University Marc L. Greenberg, Lenore A. Grenoble, Stephen M. Dickey, Masako Ueda Fidler, René Genis, Marek Łaziński, Anita Peti-Stantić, Björn Wiemer, Nadežda V. Zorixina-Nilsson. Consulted online on 18 May 2020 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589-6229_ESLO_COM_032382>
First published online: 2020
Jocz, Lechosław, “Polabian”, in: Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online, Editor-... more Jocz, Lechosław, “Polabian”, in: Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online, Editor-in-Chief University of Kansas General Editor University of Chicago Associate Editors University of Kansas Brown University University of Amsterdam University of Warsaw University of Zagreb University of Mainz Stockholm University Marc L. Greenberg, Lenore A. Grenoble, Stephen M. Dickey, Masako Ueda Fidler, René Genis, Marek Łaziński, Anita Peti-Stantić, Björn Wiemer, Nadežda V. Zorixina-Nilsson. Consulted online on 18 May 2020 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589-6229_ESLO_COM_032384>
First published online: 2020
The present paper analyses the reflexes of the old contrast */u/ : */uː/ after labials and velars... more The present paper analyses the reflexes of the old contrast */u/ : */uː/ after labials and velars and word-initially in the Kashubian dialect of Jastarnia. According to the descriptions from the the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the contrast was preserved word-initially and word-internally as a contrast of quantity and quality (with a probable weakening of the first component of the contrast). Word-finally, the contrast was weak and disappearing. Sources from the middle of the 20th century claim that the contrast has been entirely lost in all positions and that all vowel sounds in question are free variants of one phoneme /u/. However, the analysis of the contemporary material shows clearly that the old contrast was preserved word-initially and word-internally with some sparse cases of trivial morphological levelling. Two phonemes, /ʉ/ and /u/, have to be assumed. The current system is strongly correlated with the system documented in the oldest descriptions and could not develop secondarily from a hypothetical system which would merge */u/ and */uː/ to any extent going beyond a free variation in some forms while the morphological levelling acting. It seems that the claims of the publications from the middle of the 20th century (refuting the existence of the contrast) had an irrational (personal and maybe national) background.
The present paper is an addendum to the monograph System samogłoskowy współczesnych gwar centraln... more The present paper is an addendum to the monograph System samogłoskowy współczesnych gwar centralnokaszubskich (Jocz 2013) and presents results of some additional measurements and (re-)calculations. The issues addressed here are: 1) the quality of */õ/ and its relationship to /oː/, 2) the qualities and relationships of /i, ɘ, ɜ, e/ after hard and soft consonants, as well specifically after velars and /l/, 3) the realisation of /ʌ/ before /w/, 4) the quality of [ɒ] in relationship to /o/, and 5) minor variants of /i, a, e/. Simultaneously, phonological consequences of the discussed phonetic phenomena are presented. Some details of the original description are revised and modified. E.g. the main allophones of /ɜ/ appear to be [ɘ̟, ɛ̽] rather than [ɘ̟, ɛ] and the phonetic identification of /ɘ/ with /i/ after soft consonants is much less frequented than previously estimated. The other analyses also offer additional hints for a detailed phonological description of the Central Kashubian vowel system.
The paper is devoted to the development of the nasal vowels in the Kashubian dialect of Strzepcz.... more The paper is devoted to the development of the nasal vowels in the Kashubian dialect of Strzepcz. Taking modern analyses of their pronunciation in other Kashubian dialects, one can assume that older description are highly outdated. The paper is based on an auditory analysis of over 450 realisation of the original nasal vowels in various contexts with a support of visual analyses of spectrograms and auxiliary acoustic measurements. Two speakers (man and woman) represented the middle generation and two (man and woman) the older generation. A synchronous nasality occurred in only 1,9% of realisations (without taking account of *[ɑ̃] at the end of the word where it is denasalized without exception) and only in the case of *[õ] in the front of fricative consonants. In 3,7% of realizations a full denasalisation was observed. In 94,4% of cases occurred an asynchronous nasality with a vowel and following nasal consonant or glide. The vocalic (syllabic) segment is in over 80% of asynchronous realisations fully denesalised. The observed situation is diametrically different from those presented in the older descriptions. From the phonological point of view on should analyse the original nasal vowels as sequences of /V/ and underlying glide /w̃/.
The Vowel System of the Dialect of Dąbrówka Wielkopolska. The aim of the paper is to provide a ph... more The Vowel System of the Dialect of Dąbrówka Wielkopolska. The aim of the paper is to provide a phonetic and phonological description of the vowel system of the Dąbrówka Wielkopolska dialect. The analysed material revealed the very good retention of the original dialectal phenomena (e.g. the diphthongal pronunciation of *[ɨ], diversity of monophthongal and diphthongal variants of */o/, or two allophones of /u/ conditioned by the preceding consonant). The acoustic analyses provide a precise phonetic description of the dialect's vowels and revisions to the previous descriptions (e.g. the allophone of /u/ after coronal and palatal consonants is not only lowered, but also centralised, the reflexes of */eː, eN, ẽ/ after palatals are distinct from /i/, the reflex of */aː/ is sometimes lower than [ɔ], but never reaches the height of [ɒ]). Farther, the perceptive and acoustic analyses revealed a – hitherto unnoticed – opposition between the reflexes of */eː/ on the one hand, and the reflexes of */e/ before /N/ and the vocalic reflexes of */ẽ/ on the other, and, consequently, made it possible to discover a "new" vowel phoneme.
The papers is devoted to the VOT of stops in the Polish dialect of Dąbrówka Wielkopolska. Accordi... more The papers is devoted to the VOT of stops in the Polish dialect of Dąbrówka Wielkopolska. According to the results, the dialect shows an interesting VOT-pattern with strongly aspirated /p, t, k/ and /b, d, g/ varying between fully voiced, partially voiced and voiceless realisations (generally not overlapingg with the values of /p, t, k/). From the phonological point of view one should assume an opposition fortis-lenes rather than voiced-voiceless in the dialect. It can be a result of the German influence or an archaic trait.
The paper gives a phonological and acoustic description of the Luzino vowel system. The analysis ... more The paper gives a phonological and acoustic description of the Luzino vowel system. The analysis showed evident phonetic changes in the last 50-60 years which are, however, not so numerous and striking as in many other Kashubian dialects. The most important of them are: heightening of stressed *[ɛ] into [ɘ̟], phonetic reduction and identification of unstressed *[ɛ] and [ə], splitting of *[ɑ̃, õ] into [VN], and disappearance of fronted allophones of /u/. The paper enabled also to describe some vowel sounds of the dialect much more precisely than it was done in the past which apply especially to *[ə] and *[ɑː]. As to the phonology, contrasts between all 9 oral phonemes established in older descriptions were retained. The original nasal vowels were, conversely, lost as phonemes and developed into sequences /Vŋ/ with various phonetic realizations of /ŋ/.
Chapter to appear in: J. Fellerer & N. Bermel (Eds.), The Oxford Guide to the Slavonic Languages,... more Chapter to appear in: J. Fellerer & N. Bermel (Eds.), The Oxford Guide to the Slavonic Languages, Oxford University Press
International Congress of Phonetic Sciences Full Papers, 2019
Sound Comparisons hosts over 90,000 individual
word recordings and 50,000 narrow phonetic
transcr... more Sound Comparisons hosts over 90,000 individual word recordings and 50,000 narrow phonetic transcriptions from 600 language varieties from eleven language families around the world. This resource is designed to serve researchers in phonetics, phonology and related fields. Transcriptions follow new initiatives for standardisation in usage of the IPA and Unicode. At soundcomparisons.com, users can explore the transcription datasets by phonetically-informed search and filtering, customise selections of languages and words, download any targeted data subset (sound files and transcriptions) and cite it through a custom URL. We present sample research applications based on our extensive coverage of regional and sociolinguistic variation within major languages, and also of endangered languages, for which Sound Comparisons provides a rapid first documentation of their diversity in phonetics. The multilingual interface and user-friendly, ‘hover-tohear’ maps likewise constitute an outreach tool, where speakers can instantaneously hear and compare the phonetic diversity and relationships of their native languages.
**To download free**, follow the info at: https://iecor.clld.org
The origins of the Indo-Euro... more **To download free**, follow the info at: https://iecor.clld.org
The origins of the Indo-European language family are hotly disputed. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of core vocabulary have produced conflicting results, with some supporting a farming expansion out of Anatolia ~9000 years before present (yr B.P.), while others support a spread with horse-based pastoralism out of the Pontic-Caspian Steppe ~6000 yr B.P. Here we present an extensive database of Indo-European core vocabulary that eliminates past inconsistencies in cognate coding. Ancestry-enabled phylogenetic analysis of this dataset indicates that few ancient languages are direct ancestors of modern clades and produces a root age of ~8120 yr B.P. for the family. Although this date is not consistent with the Steppe hypothesis, it does not rule out an initial homeland south of the Caucasus, with a subsequent branch northward onto the steppe and then across Europe. We reconcile this hybrid hypothesis with recently published ancient DNA evidence from the steppe and the northern Fertile Crescent.
Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 2019, 2019
Sound Comparisons hosts over 90,000 individual word recordings and 50,000 narrow phonetic transcr... more Sound Comparisons hosts over 90,000 individual word recordings and 50,000 narrow phonetic transcriptions from 600 language varieties from eleven language families around the world. This resource is designed to serve researchers in phonetics, phonology and related fields. Transcriptions follow new initiatives for standardisation in usage of the IPA and Unicode. At soundcomparisons.com, users can explore the transcription datasets by phonetically-informed search and filtering, customise selections of languages and words, download any targeted data subset (sound files and transcriptions) and cite it through a custom URL. We present sample research applications based on our extensive coverage of regional and sociolinguistic variation within major languages, and also of endangered languages, for which Sound Comparisons provides a rapid first documentation of their diversity in phonetics. The multilingual interface and user-friendly, ‘hover-to-hear’ maps likewise constitute an outreach tool, where speakers can instantaneously hear and compare the phonetic diversity and relationships of their native languages.
Uploads
List of Publications
Books
Papers
First published online: 2020
First published online: 2020
additional hints for a detailed phonological description of the Central Kashubian vowel system.
First published online: 2020
First published online: 2020
additional hints for a detailed phonological description of the Central Kashubian vowel system.
word recordings and 50,000 narrow phonetic
transcriptions from 600 language varieties from
eleven language families around the world. This
resource is designed to serve researchers in
phonetics, phonology and related fields.
Transcriptions follow new initiatives for
standardisation in usage of the IPA and Unicode. At
soundcomparisons.com, users can explore the
transcription datasets by phonetically-informed
search and filtering, customise selections of
languages and words, download any targeted data
subset (sound files and transcriptions) and cite it
through a custom URL. We present sample research
applications based on our extensive coverage of
regional and sociolinguistic variation within major
languages, and also of endangered languages, for
which Sound Comparisons provides a rapid first
documentation of their diversity in phonetics. The
multilingual interface and user-friendly, ‘hover-tohear’ maps likewise constitute an outreach tool,
where speakers can instantaneously hear and
compare the phonetic diversity and relationships of
their native languages.
The origins of the Indo-European language family are hotly disputed. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of core vocabulary have produced conflicting results, with some supporting a farming expansion out of Anatolia ~9000 years before present (yr B.P.), while others support a spread with horse-based pastoralism out of the Pontic-Caspian Steppe ~6000 yr B.P. Here we present an extensive database of Indo-European core vocabulary that eliminates past inconsistencies in cognate coding. Ancestry-enabled phylogenetic analysis of this dataset indicates that few ancient languages are direct ancestors of modern clades and produces a root age of ~8120 yr B.P. for the family. Although this date is not consistent with the Steppe hypothesis, it does not rule out an initial homeland south of the Caucasus, with a subsequent branch northward onto the steppe and then across Europe. We reconcile this hybrid hypothesis with recently published ancient DNA evidence from the steppe and the northern Fertile Crescent.