Bachelor of science in Electrical & Electronic Engineering

— Double Stage Differential Amplifier comprises many advantages by operating differential inputs. It provides excellent immunity to external noise which is certainly a flawless advantage for low-power devices and also reduces Low-Order Harmonics (LOH). This paper presents the design of a double stage differential amplifier using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFETs). The key approach of the proposed design is to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Low-Order Harmonics (LOH), output delay and to achieve a high trans-conductance gain, gm. The paper also carries the significant comparisons between conventional differential amplifier and the proposed design. Both circuits have been simulated by using HSPICE model of CNTFET. The optimized threshold voltage is 0.309V and given bias is 1V only. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Fourier analysis also shows an outstanding result compared to the conventional one. Moreover, the output voltage is closely zero at common-mode operation which yields a very high Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR). From the analysis in both common-mode and differential-mode inputs the proposed design was proven to be robustly noise-immune.

—This paper presents a high frame rate capable Active Pixel Sensor (APS) using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) instead of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS). Conventionally, the design of a single APS circuit is based on three transistors (3T) model. In order to achieve higher frame rate, one extra transistor with a column sensor circuit has been introduced in the proposed design to reduce the readout time. This study also concerns about the effect of transistor sizing, bias current, and moreover, the chiral vector of CNTFET. The power consumption and power delay product (PDP) are also investigated for specific sets of reset and row selector signal. Data for these studies were collected with the help of HSPICE software which were further plotted in OriginPro to analyze the optimal operation point of APS circuit. The bias current was also recorded for the readout transistor which is uniquely introduced in the proposed model for achieving better readout time. Hence, the main focus of this paper is to improve the frame rate by reducing the readout time. Results of the proposed CNTFET APS circuit are compared with the conventional CMOS APS circuit. The performance benchmarking shows that CNTFET APS cell significantly reduces readout time, PDP, and thus can achieve much higher frame rate than that of conventional CMOS APS cell. Index Terms— Active Pixel Sensor (APS); Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET); Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS); Chiral vector.

—This Paper presents Microstrip patch antenna for WiMAX communication system which operate at 5.8 GHz frequency band. The main objective of this paper is to design and observe the performance of the designed mi-crostrip patch antenna for different dielectric materials. The size of the designed antenna has been also miniaturized. Better performance is observed for FR4 and dupont-951 dielectric material. For FR4 radiation efficiency is-2.776 dB and total efficiency is-3.026 dB at 5.8 GHz, this indicates better performance. And for dupont-951 the return loss is much lower comparing to the other dielectric materials used in this research, which is-16.609 dB. Also for dupont-951 and FR4, VSWR is found 1.35 and 1.7 respectively which is desirable. Also the size of the antenna has been reduced. In this paper we also observed and analyzed the radiation pattern of far field region, gain, radiation efficiency and total efficiency for different dielectric materials.

This paper is an effort to analyze the performance of InGaN/GaN solar cell. InGaN/GaN solar cell contains p and n-type layer of GaN and intrinsic layer of InGaN. The proposed structure of solar cell also contains front TCO, back TCO and back reflector layers. This paper represents the mechanism of designing and analysis of InGaN/GaN solar cell. Performance of the designed solar cell was checked based on electric field, current density and electric potential generated in the designed cell. J-V curve is the most important factor to analyze the performance of the solar cell. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factors have been calculated from this graph. According to the analysis of the simulation results PCE (η) of the designed solar cell is 12.91% with Jsc of 19.3 mA/cm 2 and Voc of 0.78 V. At the end, this research work is about designing successfully with an efficient InGaN/GaN solar cell for further use in solar applications.

Charge extraction and transport layers represent an important component of organic solar cells. Many different material groups are reported for these layers. Two important classes are metal oxides and organic materials. Many of these organic materials which are used as electron extraction layers (EELs) are nitrogen containing. Therefore, it has been decided to study a broad array of—to the largest part so far not reported—amine and imine containing organic materials as EELs in organic solar cells and compare them with an archetypical metal oxide electron transport layer (ETL). It enables certain structure–property relationships to be obtained for the EELs and to understand what determines their performance to a large part. Furthermore, their effect on the stability of organic solar cells is studied and they are found to be reasonable replacements as a cheap, quickly processable, environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and biodegradable alternative as compared with ETLs.

In the era of technology, humankind is now looking for a rapid and prominent solution for day to day problems which can meet the demand and makes life easier. As security is an essential perspective with the end goal to protect our secret belongings, people are looking for an advance, unbreakable and user-friendly solution. However, considering a vault security system, we have to think a step further, as vaults usually used for higher security purposes. Security system using facial recognition, fingerprint scanner, password lock and RFID reader is going popular and common these days because of the availability and trustable security. The main goal is to implement a security system including all of these four sensors in single hardware which is able to provide much stronger security. The system is able to detect multiple human faces and also able to monitor the area continuously using one single camera sensor with the help of real-time video processing using OpenCV method. The system...

Breast Cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer faced by women every year. Despite having medical methods like Mammography, MRI and ultrasound available, they have various limitations due to poor tissue contrast. This results in misdiagnosis of breast cancer patients all over the world. The purpose of this paper is to detect the presence of breast cancer tumors in women by the variation of S11 parameter of a microstrip patch antenna. To reach the desired goal, a circular microstrip patch antenna has been designed in ISM band along with two types of breast phantoms in order to detect the presence of cancerous tumors. The antenna along with the breast phantoms have been created using CST design environment and its various parameters i.e. reflection coefficient, efficiency, SAR have been evaluated to reach the goal set by this paper.