School of Business and Economics

In the recent years, lots of debates have been going on concerning sustainability and its implications on project management success. Sustainability is one of the challenges we face in this generation. Sustainable development has acquired an increasing awareness of business, social and management literatures. The ideas of sustainability are now being incorporated by many companies and organizations in their marketing, annual reports, in their commercial communications and in many other deeds. Some of these actions are project organized. This paper delves into sustainability integration/ application in the context of project management. But the question is how is sustainability incorporated into projects and project management? It is expected that sustainability have some effects on the management of project, initiation and organization. Sustainability integration into project and project management is rapidly taking part as a good industrial exercise and a research topic. The original meaning of successful project management is to deliver a project or service as at when due, in the bracket of the estimated budget and to the quality agreed upon. But recently, the increasing environmental issues awareness, especially the global climatic change has given birth to more attention to sustainable development. Many companies are trying to imbibe the practice of sustainability. In this case, the managers of project are being tasked with integrating sustainable development principles into projects and to all the project teams. The actions of sustainability are limited due to some regulations/ laws. Another problem of sustainability is the insufficiency in the knowledge of how it can be integrated into the methodologies of project management.
Here, we are going to look into the debates on sustainability, the different perspectives of  sustainability and also evaluate sustainable general objectives and in the professional practice context as applied to projects.

As late Nelson Mandela recognized  that the battle to eradicate poverty is vital not only to build a common humanity, but also to establish a secure and peaceful world, and poverty reduction was one of the key UN Millennium Development Goals and is now one of their priority Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

In this perspective, this research work entitled: “Burundi poverty breakthrough footsteps” is designed and developed to fulfill an academic requirement of Post Doctoral studies.
The major task of this research work is a contribution to understand root causes of poverty in Burundi and reflect on some key block stones, or footsteps to overcome such poverty.

The purpose of this study is to raise the awareness, the understanding of key root causes of poverty in Burundi and suggest key footsteps to overcome this serious issue. In this perspective, Ninety five respondents, from different sectors, genders, sex, provinces and educational levels have contributed to provide answers to this research concerns.

During this reflection process, the central research question of the investigation we tried to answer was:
“What are the Burundi poverty breakthrough footsteps or pathways?” 
The following Sub- questions helped to get answers and contribute to breakthrough this research work:
• What are the root causes of this extreme poverty situation in Burundi?
• What could be the pathways or footsteps to overcome such deep poverty situation?

The development of this work has contributed to find out responses to these previous questions and main ideas as provided by key respondents can be recalled in the following general ideas as follow:  Key root causes of poverty in Burundi, the pathways or footsteps to overcome poverty.
The poverty can be financial and no financial. For the financial poverty, it is expressed by the lack of financial means that allow economic agent to be able to address basic needs.
For the non financial poverty, it is expressed by unconsciousness of non renewed mindset that maintains an economic agent in a status quos without respect of moral values and vision. It is expressed by the lack of innovative actions, no continuous improvement in enhancing others wellbeing.
The key root causes of poverty in Burundi are the inefficiency or poor Leadership and Governance, non- mindset changed, education, corruption and less productivity of work force.
The pathways or footsteps to overcome such poverty, will be to address in priority the improvement of strategic Leadership and Governance, Work on shaping the mindset renewed to explore and take advantage of innovative opportunities. Burundi agriculture needs to be market-oriented and not for subsistence.  The education also has been shown as the priority to overcome poverty in Burundi. Fighting corruption has been also mentioned as one of keys to overcome poverty. This will help distributing efficiently the income and resources of the country and reducing the gap between few people who are living in luxury manner when the majority of Burundians are living in misery. Also this may reduce the cyclic socio political crises in Burundi that constitute the considerable hindrance of economic development and reinforce poverty vulnerability of the population.
Conducting research works and studies will help knowing very well all our resources and exploit them for the benefit of the population. This will require the stewardship, the accountability of leaders guided by good moral values and professionalism.
With clear strategic leadership roadmap or direction, provided by National boards of experts in each sector, Burundi will develop all sectors and overcome poverty.

With these footstep suggestions we hope that Burundians will be able to address their current needs without sacrificing the capacity of future generation, to address their needs.

This research work is a contribution in Evaluating IFAD Program with a case study of PTRPC program (Transitional Program of Post-Conflict Reconstruction) that has to be implemented from 2006 to 2012.

The title of this Thesis is: Contribution Evaluation Study of International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Programs in Burundi: Case of “PTRPC” Program.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects and impacts of some selected key activities implemented by PTRPC and the following questions have guided our research.
• Does self leadership style have negative or positive effects on achieving organizational, program results?
• Does IFAD –Burundi (PTRPC) microcredit’s activities contributed efficiently to enhance life conditions of Burundians poor productive particularly women through loan funds?
• Does interventions of PTRPC in agriculture contributed to increase the number of rice producers that are practicing the Intensive Rice System, their production and revenue? 
• How many cows have been distributed and what the effects on the lives of beneficiaries?

These key questions helped to break through this research process.
In fact, the field questionnaires have been designed and administered to total respondents of one hundred seventy nine. Below is the Summary of cornerstones insights gained in findings and conclusion.
Working Self-Leadership style found among Key PTRPC staff was predominantly “Team Player”.  But others styles like Designer- Developer, Motivator Influential and Implementers have identified in small numbers. This has effects and impact in working as a team to achieve organizational goals and objectives.  An efficient leader should be more “agile” and apply versatility steps in order to increase the influence to others and promote great productivity.
PTRPC has worked with two Micro finances: Twitezimbere and Wise Microfinance’s. Each year, the total loan amount and beneficiaries have increased to reach.
In agriculture, the Rice Intensification System (SRI) has excellent effects and impacts to beneficiaries in increasing the rice production, the income; the improvement of life conditions and the exploited squares and peoples practicing this SRI is increasing.
The Cattle distribution has positive effects and impacts, the number of cows distributed has considerably increased up to a total of 781(736 heifers and 45 bulls) for the three provinces. This cattle distribution has positive effects and impact on households in Increasing food, nutrition improvement, income increase and goods accumulation.

Our wish is to contribute in building a Burundi without hunger and poverty with a fullness life of all Burundians

This research work is a contribution in Evaluating IFAD Program with a case study of PTRPC program (Transitional Program of Post-Conflict Reconstruction) that has to be implemented from 2006 to 2012.

The title of this Thesis is: Contribution Evaluation Study of International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Programs in Burundi: Case of “PTRPC” Program.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects and impacts of some selected key activities implemented by PTRPC and the following questions have guided our research.
• Does self leadership style have negative or positive effects on achieving organizational, program results?
• Does IFAD –Burundi (PTRPC) microcredit’s activities contributed efficiently to enhance life conditions of Burundians poor productive particularly women through loan funds?
• Does interventions of PTRPC in agriculture contributed to increase the number of rice producers that are practicing the Intensive Rice System, their production and revenue? 
• How many cows have been distributed and what the effects on the lives of beneficiaries?

These key questions helped to break through this research process.
In fact, the field questionnaires have been designed and administered to total respondents of one hundred seventy nine. Below is the Summary of cornerstones insights gained in findings and conclusion.
Working Self-Leadership style found among Key PTRPC staff was predominantly “Team Player”.  But others styles like Designer- Developer, Motivator Influential and Implementers have identified in small numbers. This has effects and impact in working as a team to achieve organizational goals and objectives.  An efficient leader should be more “agile” and apply versatility steps in order to increase the influence to others and promote great productivity.
PTRPC has worked with two Micro finances: Twitezimbere and Wise Microfinance’s. Each year, the total loan amount and beneficiaries have increased to reach.
In agriculture, the Rice Intensification System (SRI) has excellent effects and impacts to beneficiaries in increasing the rice production, the income; the improvement of life conditions and the exploited squares and peoples practicing this SRI is increasing.
The Cattle distribution has positive effects and impacts, the number of cows distributed has considerably increased up to a total of 781(736 heifers and 45 bulls) for the three provinces. This cattle distribution has positive effects and impact on households in Increasing food, nutrition improvement, income increase and goods accumulation.

Our wish is to contribute in building a Burundi without hunger and poverty with a fullness life of all Burundians

Two complemented methods accompanied by equations are to measure food security and serve mainly as indicators in this field of work, namely the Subjective Food Security Measure and HDDS, which stands for Household Dietary Diversity Score; additionally, to assure more efficient results IPWRA is deployed, which is the Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment, the food security crop estimator.

This paper will aim to contract a successful framework for any NGO, wherever in the world, whose establishments wishes to build a strong foundation based on healthy and competitive value chains; hereto weak links in the chain has to be restored by reinforcing business models shared and owned between producers and the market of buyers; this by no means is unfair or will result in ramifications for either party in the global market; on the contrary, this signifies a rapid progress of science, art, global economics and progress for all actors and partitions on the stage of fair-profit business organizations.

On all parts of the globe the tendency for growth through higher learning incentives resonates as an equivalent asset to achieve facultive degrees, a phenomenon that has puzzled academic researchers of the last generation of accomplished scholars. Justly so, for even in the Sahara desert science has produced solutions to enrich the present livelihood with rich vegetation.

For obvious reasons, controversial issues like worldwide poverty, disease, deaths, climate change, pandemics and more common misery do not add up to a substantial sum in finance mathematically speaking; albeit,  the science of (micro)economics and its operators are endowed with defined formulas; regarding, the environmental economics, one must note that the post-colonial society has as yet not been able by standards of higher education to envelop a higher standard of living for the citizens of the Antilles.

For obvious reasons, controversial issues like worldwide poverty, disease deaths, climate change, pandemics and other common troubles do not add up to a sustainable sum; thus, mathematically speaking 1 added to the number of 1, remains the sum of one, due to the many difficulties that are holding back economic growth, viz., a situation apparent in the Antilles as in many parts of the developing world; In financial terms this means that the sum, percentage or number to be added to the integer one, is refrained by secular forces which are not in one's hands.

For obvious reasons, controversial issues like worldwide poverty, disease, deaths, climate change, pandemics and other common troubles do not add up to a sustainable sum; thus, mathematically speaking, 1 added to the number 1, remains the sum of 1 due to the plural difficulties the Antilles are confronted with as is the case in many developing countries in the world; In financial terms this means that the variable-sum, -percentage or -number is being withheld to function as an additive in the equation 1+1= 2 or 1+1>2 or 1+1=2•X by secular forces which are beyond one's control.

Old beliefs, wrong and right in the eyes of the Maker, could be eliminated as obstacles which block further development of the individual mind and happiness.       
If this work and investment in the human being’s self worth has caused conflict by the Creator and Church, it shouldn’t have at all. For every being needs progress, and a rapid one for that matter, for different important reasons. One fundamental truth is the maintenance and exquisite survival of the human kind and all species innerconnected with humanities which decorate the surface of mother earth. With progress, the invalid beliefs and retarded economies that dominate our intelligent minds will eventually be replaced with new and successful ones.

This essay is especially directed to the situation of cancer disease in the Caribbean, specifically in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles.
Certain details, like the death rate due this disease is not completely disclosed to the public nor even the professional executive class in the medical sector. The assessment in this area has been limited
by boundaries placed for academic researchers. Curaçao compensates the shortcomings in the field of medicine with its natural healing environment, in particular the curative herbs, as the name Curaçao suggests.

Literature research shows that commercial models reflect the behavior of a nation’s economy that accumulates capital stock and simultaneously increases life expectancy of many inhabitants; As a country develops, in particular Curaçao of the Netherlands Antilles, smaller growth rates on consumption and physical capital manifest while life expectancy expands, thus hypothetical assumptions are made, involucrating economies with larger life expectancies that should also incorporate larger income rates.

Despite the passion to gain global consciousness and awareness on topics of discussion surrounding normalisation of human life in general, a lengthy process awaits all humanity carrying this vision; Fact is though, that this desire does not represent the goal itself yet solely provides a path towards the envisioning of a picture which could include a balanced economics for the benefit of every country’s population on this earth; For obvious reasons, governments and their incumbent authorities play a most important role in the entire process, with the understanding that every earthly citizen is a respected stakeholder for he and she have paid his and her dues during these last years of hardship and endurance.

Comprehensive values reflect on NLP-integrated estimates of present and future expenses students as staff and faculty members incur during and after completing their studies at an accredited university or college or other respected education institutions and training centers across the world.