Prescribing, dispensing, availability and affordability of drugs were evaluated in 100 primary he... more Prescribing, dispensing, availability and affordability of drugs were evaluated in 100 primary health care centres in 5 provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran using WHO indicators. On average, 92% of the 12 essential drugs monitored were available in the health centre pharmacies and 95% of the drugs prescribed by the physician were dispensed by the health centre pharmacy. The stock-out duration was less than 1 month on average. A complete treatment for pneumonia cost only 2% of the lowest weekly government salary. The national average number of drugs per prescription was 3.4. Prescription of antibiotics and injectable drugs was very high [58% and 41% respectively]. Although availability and affordability of essential drugs is good in this country, rational use of drugs needs to be emphasized
In Nigeria, shock is the core reason for emergency room visits and road traffic accidents are lia... more In Nigeria, shock is the core reason for emergency room visits and road traffic accidents are liable for the majority of deaths recorded. The overall road traffic injury rate is about 41 per 1000 population and mortality from road traffic injuries is about 1.6 per 1000 population, this is considerably significant. However, majority of these injuries and deaths can be prevented, it becomes worrisome with the fact that road accidents are increasing. In attempt to obstruct the easy way leading to early grave, this study proposed a deep learning approach for the identification and detection of road conditions so as to reduce road traffic accidents to the barest minimum in Nigeria. The proposed method was implemented on Matlab R2018a, using the pretrained AlexNet convolutional neural network, the performance recognition accuracy of the system is 92.45%, it takes 11 minutes 24 seconds for training and 1second for verification.
Journal of Engineering Studies and Research , 2021
In the field of deep learning, facial recognition belongs to the computer vision category. In var... more In the field of deep learning, facial recognition belongs to the computer vision category. In various applications such as access control system, security, attendance management etc., it has been widely used for authentication and identification purposes. In deep learning, transfer learning is a method of using a neural network model that is first trained on a problem similar to the problem that is being solved. The most commonly used face recognition methods are mainly based on template matching, geometric features based, algebraic and deep learning method. The advantage of template matching is that it is easy to implement, and the disadvantage is that it is difficult to deal with the pose and scale changes effectively. The most important issue, regardless of the method used in the face recognition system, is dimensionality and computational complexity, especially when operating on large databases. In this paper, we applied a transfer learning model based on AlexNet Deep convolutional network to develop a real time face recognition system that has a good robustness to face pose and illumination, reduce dimensionality, complexity and improved recognition accuracy. The system has a recognition accuracy of 98.95 %.
Biometrics systems have drawn a far reaching attention in recent times for its application in div... more Biometrics systems have drawn a far reaching attention in recent times for its application in diverse sector. Automated personal identity authentication systems based on iris recognition are considered to be the most reliable among all biometric methods. Due to its high accuracy and uniqueness, it is used in various fields of access control and for security at border areas. Iris recognition is the method of identifying people based on unique patterns within the ringshaped region surrounding the pupil of the eye. In this paper, we present a timeline technical overview and survey of various irisrecognition techniques available in literature starting from Daugman’s initial work in 1993
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Advanced Technology , 2020
Nigeria is repeatedly referred to as the Giant of Africa, due to its large population and economy... more Nigeria is repeatedly referred to as the Giant of Africa, due to its large population and economy, with approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Good health is one of the fundamental human rights everybody is entitled to and the onus of this rests on the healthcare sector to provide good health services through the three tiers of the government (federal, state and local government) to the citizens. However, healthcare delivery in Nigeria has experienced progressive deterioration due to weakened political will on the part of successive governments to effectively solve a number of problems that have accumulated in the sector over many years. This paper strategizes a robust plan to ensure the wellbeing of the citizens of Nigeria against COVID-19 and all other illnesses by proposing a framework that presents a three module mechanism for the development of an effective and efficient smart healthcare system amid COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nigeria. This study recommends that the Government (at all the three tiers) as well as private healthcare providers should look into this proposed framework with the platforms provided during the lockdown session.
International Journal of Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, 2020
Communication is the lifeblood of any organization and the cycle of communication is only effecti... more Communication is the lifeblood of any organization and the cycle of communication is only effective and complete when the receiver understands the sender’s message and intent. With the advancement in information and communication technologies, the wide use of internet to communicate has huge impact on relationships within and outside organizations. As the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has affected organizations in the country (both government and privately owned), it is necessary to adopt technology based approach in combating the COVID-19 pandemic which will enable organizations to proceed with their business activities during the lockdown and as a result, the pandemic period will not have much economic implication on the organizations. Hence, this study proposed a robust and novel technologically-driven approach to enhance the productivity and effectiveness of various organizations amid COVID-19 pandemic. This proposed approach uses three platforms (i.e. android, window and applet) which will be synchronized so that users can have access to the same information at any given time within the organization, with a single central database that is built inside a particular central server that will serve as the information domain for all the users across the system. This will allow users at different levels to interact, such that users with an android device can simultaneously communicate with a secretary using desktop or laptop computer on the platform of applet or window application. This study, therefore, recommends that the Federal Government as well as the managements of various organizations should look into this proposed framework with the proposed applications and continue to work from home and communicate with various staff members effectively and efficiently during the lockdown session and they can also come up with other CMC applications to achieve more effective and efficient service delivery in their organizations despite the ongoing global pandemic.
International Journal of Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (IJEAI) , 2020
In Nigeria, shock is the core reason for emergency room visits and road traffic accidents are lia... more In Nigeria, shock is the core reason for emergency room visits and road traffic accidents are liable for the majority of deaths recorded. The overall road traffic injury rate is about 41 per 1000 population and mortality from road traffic injuries is about 1.6 per 1000 population, this is considerably significant. However, majority of these injuries and deaths can be prevented, it becomes worrisome with the fact that road accidents are increasing. In attempt to obstruct the easy way leading to early grave, this study proposed a deep learning approach for the identification and detection of road conditions so as to reduce road traffic accidents to the barest minimum in Nigeria. The proposed method was implemented on Matlab R2018a, using the pretrained AlexNet convolutional neural network, the performance recognition accuracy of the system is 92.45%, it takes 11 minutes 24 seconds for training and 1second for verification.
1 1 O Oy ye en ni ir ra an n, , O Ol lu uw wa as sh hi in na a A A. .; ; 2 2 A Ad de eg go ok ke ... more 1 1 O Oy ye en ni ir ra an n, , O Ol lu uw wa as sh hi in na a A A. .; ; 2 2 A Ad de eg go ok ke e, , B Be en nj ja am mi in n O O. .; ; 3 3 O Oy ye en ni iy yi i, , J ABSTRACT: Iris recognition is considered as one of the best biometric methods used for human identification and verification; this is because of its unique features that differ from one person to another, and its importance in security. This study proposes a multi-algorithmic feature extraction technique for personal recognition using iris. The proposed framework was implemented on Matlab R2018a. The localization and segmentation techniques are presented using Hough Circular Transform in order to isolate an iris from the whole eye image and for noise detection. The normalization procedure was carried out using Daugman Rubber Sheet Model, while the feature extraction was done using Continuous Wavelet Transform. At the classification stage, Hamming Distance, Nearest Neighbour and Euclidean Distance Classifier was adopted. The system was trained with five hundred iris images while another unregistered one hundred iris image were used for verification of the system. The propose method have the accuracy of 70%, False Acceptance Rate (FAR) of 0.00% and False Rejection Rate of 0.03% with total execution time of approximately 7.00 sec. The present work can be extended by testing more samples of iris images. Since the images in the CASIA database are mainly eyes of Chinese people, the testing could be done among other ethnic groups. It is also recommended that other feature extraction techniques which are capable of handling resolution problem could be used in conjunction with Continuous Wavelet Transform to eradicate resolution problem and to increase the accuracy.
K Ke eh hi in nd de e S So ot to on nw wa a 1 1 , , O Ol lu uw wa as sh hi in na a O Oy ye en ni ... more K Ke eh hi in nd de e S So ot to on nw wa a 1 1 , , O Ol lu uw wa as sh hi in na a O Oy ye en ni ir ra an n 2 2 ABSTRACT: It was observed that the habitual method of taking attendance easily allow impersonation and time consuming. In the global community, various facial recognition based attendance frameworks have being proposed and successfully implemented, many of which are of one limitation or the other. Hence, this study proposed a multi-algorithm approach to design and implement an automated and reliable system using biometric for effective attendance taking in Nigerian institutions. The system employed bimodal biometric technique for combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) for feature extraction and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) combined with Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification. For the design and implementation, the system made use of the in-built webcam to capture its images for enrolment and verification. The system was trained with five hundred registered and fifty unregistered facial images;
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Advanced Technology , 2020
Education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, value... more Education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, values, and skills from one generation to another through institutions. A sound educational system is therefore prerequisite to achieving progress, from the individual to the society to the economy. Discontinuity in education is a threat to learning in Nigeria and the effect of repeated closures of schools and academic programs on students' learning has adverse effects on the students, the parents and the nation as a whole. The ongoing discontinuity in education is caused by some global issues that affect almost every continents of the world and as a result led to total lockdown. This discontinuity in education was caused by COVID-19, a newly discovered coronavirus. But using emerging computer-based technology as a resource, students are encouraged to explore their own interests and to become active learners during the lockdown session. Hence, the efficacy of e-learning platforms that will foster continued learning cannot be ignored. Thus, this study proposed E-Learning as advancement in Nigerian pedagogy amid Covid-19 Pandemic lockdown by proposing a method that will put an end to discontinuity in education that emerged as a result of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The proposed computer and android applications do not cost the lecturers and the students any more money than data subscription charges from their respective data network providers. Moreover, this framework also allows the institutional management to monitor these academic activities and allow the lecturers to upload the courseware and lecture notes to the E-learning zones and interact with the students while the students will also access the e-learning zones to attend their various classes as scheduled by the lecturers or as directed by the school management. Thus, the e-learning zone serves as the meeting point or lecture room for the students and the lecturers alike.
Prescribing, dispensing, availability and affordability of drugs were evaluated in 100 primary he... more Prescribing, dispensing, availability and affordability of drugs were evaluated in 100 primary health care centres in 5 provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran using WHO indicators. On average, 92% of the 12 essential drugs monitored were available in the health centre pharmacies and 95% of the drugs prescribed by the physician were dispensed by the health centre pharmacy. The stock-out duration was less than 1 month on average. A complete treatment for pneumonia cost only 2% of the lowest weekly government salary. The national average number of drugs per prescription was 3.4. Prescription of antibiotics and injectable drugs was very high [58% and 41% respectively]. Although availability and affordability of essential drugs is good in this country, rational use of drugs needs to be emphasized
In Nigeria, shock is the core reason for emergency room visits and road traffic accidents are lia... more In Nigeria, shock is the core reason for emergency room visits and road traffic accidents are liable for the majority of deaths recorded. The overall road traffic injury rate is about 41 per 1000 population and mortality from road traffic injuries is about 1.6 per 1000 population, this is considerably significant. However, majority of these injuries and deaths can be prevented, it becomes worrisome with the fact that road accidents are increasing. In attempt to obstruct the easy way leading to early grave, this study proposed a deep learning approach for the identification and detection of road conditions so as to reduce road traffic accidents to the barest minimum in Nigeria. The proposed method was implemented on Matlab R2018a, using the pretrained AlexNet convolutional neural network, the performance recognition accuracy of the system is 92.45%, it takes 11 minutes 24 seconds for training and 1second for verification.
Journal of Engineering Studies and Research , 2021
In the field of deep learning, facial recognition belongs to the computer vision category. In var... more In the field of deep learning, facial recognition belongs to the computer vision category. In various applications such as access control system, security, attendance management etc., it has been widely used for authentication and identification purposes. In deep learning, transfer learning is a method of using a neural network model that is first trained on a problem similar to the problem that is being solved. The most commonly used face recognition methods are mainly based on template matching, geometric features based, algebraic and deep learning method. The advantage of template matching is that it is easy to implement, and the disadvantage is that it is difficult to deal with the pose and scale changes effectively. The most important issue, regardless of the method used in the face recognition system, is dimensionality and computational complexity, especially when operating on large databases. In this paper, we applied a transfer learning model based on AlexNet Deep convolutional network to develop a real time face recognition system that has a good robustness to face pose and illumination, reduce dimensionality, complexity and improved recognition accuracy. The system has a recognition accuracy of 98.95 %.
Biometrics systems have drawn a far reaching attention in recent times for its application in div... more Biometrics systems have drawn a far reaching attention in recent times for its application in diverse sector. Automated personal identity authentication systems based on iris recognition are considered to be the most reliable among all biometric methods. Due to its high accuracy and uniqueness, it is used in various fields of access control and for security at border areas. Iris recognition is the method of identifying people based on unique patterns within the ringshaped region surrounding the pupil of the eye. In this paper, we present a timeline technical overview and survey of various irisrecognition techniques available in literature starting from Daugman’s initial work in 1993
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Advanced Technology , 2020
Nigeria is repeatedly referred to as the Giant of Africa, due to its large population and economy... more Nigeria is repeatedly referred to as the Giant of Africa, due to its large population and economy, with approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Good health is one of the fundamental human rights everybody is entitled to and the onus of this rests on the healthcare sector to provide good health services through the three tiers of the government (federal, state and local government) to the citizens. However, healthcare delivery in Nigeria has experienced progressive deterioration due to weakened political will on the part of successive governments to effectively solve a number of problems that have accumulated in the sector over many years. This paper strategizes a robust plan to ensure the wellbeing of the citizens of Nigeria against COVID-19 and all other illnesses by proposing a framework that presents a three module mechanism for the development of an effective and efficient smart healthcare system amid COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nigeria. This study recommends that the Government (at all the three tiers) as well as private healthcare providers should look into this proposed framework with the platforms provided during the lockdown session.
International Journal of Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, 2020
Communication is the lifeblood of any organization and the cycle of communication is only effecti... more Communication is the lifeblood of any organization and the cycle of communication is only effective and complete when the receiver understands the sender’s message and intent. With the advancement in information and communication technologies, the wide use of internet to communicate has huge impact on relationships within and outside organizations. As the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has affected organizations in the country (both government and privately owned), it is necessary to adopt technology based approach in combating the COVID-19 pandemic which will enable organizations to proceed with their business activities during the lockdown and as a result, the pandemic period will not have much economic implication on the organizations. Hence, this study proposed a robust and novel technologically-driven approach to enhance the productivity and effectiveness of various organizations amid COVID-19 pandemic. This proposed approach uses three platforms (i.e. android, window and applet) which will be synchronized so that users can have access to the same information at any given time within the organization, with a single central database that is built inside a particular central server that will serve as the information domain for all the users across the system. This will allow users at different levels to interact, such that users with an android device can simultaneously communicate with a secretary using desktop or laptop computer on the platform of applet or window application. This study, therefore, recommends that the Federal Government as well as the managements of various organizations should look into this proposed framework with the proposed applications and continue to work from home and communicate with various staff members effectively and efficiently during the lockdown session and they can also come up with other CMC applications to achieve more effective and efficient service delivery in their organizations despite the ongoing global pandemic.
International Journal of Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (IJEAI) , 2020
In Nigeria, shock is the core reason for emergency room visits and road traffic accidents are lia... more In Nigeria, shock is the core reason for emergency room visits and road traffic accidents are liable for the majority of deaths recorded. The overall road traffic injury rate is about 41 per 1000 population and mortality from road traffic injuries is about 1.6 per 1000 population, this is considerably significant. However, majority of these injuries and deaths can be prevented, it becomes worrisome with the fact that road accidents are increasing. In attempt to obstruct the easy way leading to early grave, this study proposed a deep learning approach for the identification and detection of road conditions so as to reduce road traffic accidents to the barest minimum in Nigeria. The proposed method was implemented on Matlab R2018a, using the pretrained AlexNet convolutional neural network, the performance recognition accuracy of the system is 92.45%, it takes 11 minutes 24 seconds for training and 1second for verification.
1 1 O Oy ye en ni ir ra an n, , O Ol lu uw wa as sh hi in na a A A. .; ; 2 2 A Ad de eg go ok ke ... more 1 1 O Oy ye en ni ir ra an n, , O Ol lu uw wa as sh hi in na a A A. .; ; 2 2 A Ad de eg go ok ke e, , B Be en nj ja am mi in n O O. .; ; 3 3 O Oy ye en ni iy yi i, , J ABSTRACT: Iris recognition is considered as one of the best biometric methods used for human identification and verification; this is because of its unique features that differ from one person to another, and its importance in security. This study proposes a multi-algorithmic feature extraction technique for personal recognition using iris. The proposed framework was implemented on Matlab R2018a. The localization and segmentation techniques are presented using Hough Circular Transform in order to isolate an iris from the whole eye image and for noise detection. The normalization procedure was carried out using Daugman Rubber Sheet Model, while the feature extraction was done using Continuous Wavelet Transform. At the classification stage, Hamming Distance, Nearest Neighbour and Euclidean Distance Classifier was adopted. The system was trained with five hundred iris images while another unregistered one hundred iris image were used for verification of the system. The propose method have the accuracy of 70%, False Acceptance Rate (FAR) of 0.00% and False Rejection Rate of 0.03% with total execution time of approximately 7.00 sec. The present work can be extended by testing more samples of iris images. Since the images in the CASIA database are mainly eyes of Chinese people, the testing could be done among other ethnic groups. It is also recommended that other feature extraction techniques which are capable of handling resolution problem could be used in conjunction with Continuous Wavelet Transform to eradicate resolution problem and to increase the accuracy.
K Ke eh hi in nd de e S So ot to on nw wa a 1 1 , , O Ol lu uw wa as sh hi in na a O Oy ye en ni ... more K Ke eh hi in nd de e S So ot to on nw wa a 1 1 , , O Ol lu uw wa as sh hi in na a O Oy ye en ni ir ra an n 2 2 ABSTRACT: It was observed that the habitual method of taking attendance easily allow impersonation and time consuming. In the global community, various facial recognition based attendance frameworks have being proposed and successfully implemented, many of which are of one limitation or the other. Hence, this study proposed a multi-algorithm approach to design and implement an automated and reliable system using biometric for effective attendance taking in Nigerian institutions. The system employed bimodal biometric technique for combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) for feature extraction and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) combined with Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification. For the design and implementation, the system made use of the in-built webcam to capture its images for enrolment and verification. The system was trained with five hundred registered and fifty unregistered facial images;
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Advanced Technology , 2020
Education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, value... more Education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, values, and skills from one generation to another through institutions. A sound educational system is therefore prerequisite to achieving progress, from the individual to the society to the economy. Discontinuity in education is a threat to learning in Nigeria and the effect of repeated closures of schools and academic programs on students' learning has adverse effects on the students, the parents and the nation as a whole. The ongoing discontinuity in education is caused by some global issues that affect almost every continents of the world and as a result led to total lockdown. This discontinuity in education was caused by COVID-19, a newly discovered coronavirus. But using emerging computer-based technology as a resource, students are encouraged to explore their own interests and to become active learners during the lockdown session. Hence, the efficacy of e-learning platforms that will foster continued learning cannot be ignored. Thus, this study proposed E-Learning as advancement in Nigerian pedagogy amid Covid-19 Pandemic lockdown by proposing a method that will put an end to discontinuity in education that emerged as a result of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The proposed computer and android applications do not cost the lecturers and the students any more money than data subscription charges from their respective data network providers. Moreover, this framework also allows the institutional management to monitor these academic activities and allow the lecturers to upload the courseware and lecture notes to the E-learning zones and interact with the students while the students will also access the e-learning zones to attend their various classes as scheduled by the lecturers or as directed by the school management. Thus, the e-learning zone serves as the meeting point or lecture room for the students and the lecturers alike.
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personal identity authentication systems based on iris recognition are considered to be the most reliable among all
biometric methods. Due to its high accuracy and uniqueness, it is used in various fields of access control and for
security at border areas. Iris recognition is the method of identifying people based on unique patterns within the ringshaped
region surrounding the pupil of the eye. In this paper, we present a timeline technical overview and survey of
various irisrecognition techniques available in literature starting from Daugman’s initial work in 1993
personal identity authentication systems based on iris recognition are considered to be the most reliable among all
biometric methods. Due to its high accuracy and uniqueness, it is used in various fields of access control and for
security at border areas. Iris recognition is the method of identifying people based on unique patterns within the ringshaped
region surrounding the pupil of the eye. In this paper, we present a timeline technical overview and survey of
various irisrecognition techniques available in literature starting from Daugman’s initial work in 1993