Kabir Sabitu
Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria, Community Medicine, Faculty Member
- I am a Medical Doctor. My specialty is Field Epidemiology and disease control. I am also interested in leadership and... moreI am a Medical Doctor. My specialty is Field Epidemiology and disease control. I am also interested in leadership and management. I am a Professor of community medicine in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Kaduna State Nigeria.edit
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The civilian administration in Nigeria had ushered in a ‘new breeze' of socio-economic reforms across the country. The reform in all sectors aims at addressing dissatisfaction of the Nigerian populace restlessly desiring change for a... more
The civilian administration in Nigeria had ushered in a ‘new breeze' of socio-economic reforms across the country. The reform in all sectors aims at addressing dissatisfaction of the Nigerian populace restlessly desiring change for a better Nigeria. The National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy, (NEEDS), was adopted as Nigeria's national reform programme and it involve all sectors including health. It was obvious even before the advent of democracy that the strategy \"health for all by the year 2000\", would not succeed without fundamental changes in the prevailing culture in public health services in the country. More- so the challenges pose by the Millennium Development Goals declaration on all the UN member countries makes Nigeria to recognize the underlying need to undertake necessary radical changes against the traditional approaches in the provision of its health care delivery in other to meet the goals of these global initiatives. These gave birth to the Health Sector Reform programme of the Federal Ministry of Health. The Health Sector Reform is focusing on making efficient use of resources, especially human resource in order to achieve a sustainable healthcare development. The evolution of health sector reform and its relationship to the Human Resource for Health (HRH) in Nigeria is quiet topical for the Health System development. This article intends to review the evolvement of Human Resources for Health and how it is shaping the reform process in the Nigerian Health Sector. Keywords : human resources, health sector reform, nigeria Annals of Nigerian Medicine Vol. 2 (2) 2006: pp. 1-8
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Research Interests: Health Promotion, Family Medicine, Community Interventions, Nigeria, Adolescent, and 15 moreMedicine, Breastfeeding, Humans, Female, Young Adult, Infant, Newborn Infant, Adult, Breast feeding, Breast milk, Volunteers, Guidance and Counseling Intervention Programs, Child preschool, exclusive breast feeding, and Residence Characteristics
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This dataset contains socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of Children Living With HIV (CLWH), their nasal S. aureus carriage status, antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus isolates obtained from the children and presence of... more
This dataset contains socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of Children Living With HIV (CLWH), their nasal S. aureus carriage status, antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus isolates obtained from the children and presence of the mecA gene in S. aureus isolates. We estimated the nasal colonization with S. aureus and MRSA in CLWH in Kano State, Nigeria and determined associated factors through a cross-sectional study in the infectious diseases' clinics of two public hospitals in Kano involving 214 CLWH/caregiver pairs. We selected children from clinic registers by simple random sampling. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire to elicit factors associated with MRSA carriage from the caregivers. Clinical records were reviewed for patients' medical history. We used standard antimicrobial techniques to isolate S. aureus from nasal swabs taken from CLWH. MRSA was detected using the cefoxitin disc diffusion method and simple PCR for mecA gene detection. We estimated the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA carriage in the CLWH and calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for factors associated with MRSA. Nasal S. aureus carriage in the CLWH was 18.7% (40/214). Cefoxitin disc diffusion revealed 6/214 (2.8%) of CLWH were MRSA carriers, while simple PCR revealed that 9/214 (4.2%) of CLWH were MRSA carriers. Recent hospitalization (aOR: 61.04; 95% CI: 9.01-413.38)) and recent antibiotic therapy (aOR: 7.52; 95% CI: 1.07-52.95) were independent risk factors for MRSA colonization. There was MRSA nasal colonization among CLWH in Kano. The hospitals' Infection Prevention and Control units should institute measures and educate CLWH and their caregivers to reduce MRSA spread.
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Introduction: Nigeria, the only African country endemic for wild poliovirus, adopted Immunization Plus Days (IPD) to eradicate polio. Refusal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) by heads of households is a significant challenge. In Sokoto state,... more
Introduction: Nigeria, the only African country endemic for wild poliovirus, adopted Immunization Plus Days (IPD) to eradicate polio. Refusal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) by heads of households is a significant challenge. In Sokoto state, we determined characteristics of heads of households refusing OPV during IPD in 2011. Methods: To evaluate reasons for refusals, we conducted a case control study among heads ofhouseholds accepting or refusing OPV vaccine. Noncompliant households were defined as households refusing OPV vaccination in last three rounds of IPDs while compliant households were those accepting vaccination. Interviewers administered a questionnaire to the heads of households to obtain information on socio-demographics, media habits, and knowledge of IPD. Results: Of the 121 (60 cases and 61 controls) interviews, 88 (73%) were from Sokoto north. Noncompliant heads of households were more likely to lack tertiary education (OR = 3.7, 95% CI, 1.6 - 9.2), believe that OPV is not safe (OR = 22, 95% CI, 7.1 - 76), lack access to functional radio (OR = 4.4, 95% CI, 1.4 - 15) and television (OR = 9.4, 95% CI, (1.9 - 63) andget information about IPD from town announcers (OR = 3.9, 95% CI, 1.3 - 12). Conclusion: We conclude that noncompliant heads of households compared to compliant heads of households had low level of education, lacked knowledge of immunization, and had negative attitude towards OPV. They get information about OPV from town announcers and lacked access to functional radio and television. We recommended training of town announcers in polio communication and use of key communication messages preceding every round of IPD.
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Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. In some sub-Saharan African countries, fewer than 10% of married women use contraception. Despite all efforts by governments to ensure availability of... more
Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. In some sub-Saharan African countries, fewer than 10% of married women use contraception. Despite all efforts by governments to ensure availability of the products, prevalence has remained low. We conducted a community-based study to examine contraceptive knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to study 200 women in Samaru community of Zaria, Nigeria. Mean age of the respondents was 30.6 +/- 1.5 years. In this study contraceptive prevalence was 12.5% and respondents had a positive attitude towards family planning. Thirty years after Alma Ata of which one of the components is to ensure maternal and child health (MCH) and family planning, contraceptive use in most of the communities in Northern Nigeria is low. There is urgent need to step-up public awareness campaigns on family planning to ensure wide spread acceptability and utilization among women within reproductive age group.
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Background: Prisoners worldwide have a significantly higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite this, little is known of inmates' knowledge, behaviour and access to services, especially in developing countries. This... more
Background: Prisoners worldwide have a significantly higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite this, little is known of inmates' knowledge, behaviour and access to services, especially in developing countries. This study assessed the characteristics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and associated risky behavior among inmates of a prison in northern Nigeria. Methods: A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered on a cross-section of 374 inmates of Kaduna convict prison in northern Nigeria. Information was elicited on their sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, attitude and indulgence in risky behaviour. Results: About 96.1% of the inmates had heard about AIDS. Majority of them (70%) were ignorant of the causative agent; however, knowledge of route of disease transmission was high, with 91%, 67% and 46.7% of inmates mentioning sexual activity, unscreened blood transfusion and sharing unsterilized blades, respectively. They listed abstinence, faithfulness, use of condoms, new needles, syringes and blades as protective measures. Overall, 39.5%, 48.7% and 11.8% of the respondents had good, fair and poor knowledge of HIV/AIDS, respectively. Only 64 (14.9%) inmates reported having sexual intercourse in prison. These sexual encounters were homosexual in 56.2% of cases and heterosexual in 43.8% of cases. Only 28 (43.8%) of the sexually active inmates claimed to have used condoms regularly. Respectively, 72.3% and 70.8% of inmates shared barbing clippers and razor blades. There was a strong association between educational attainment and knowledge of HIV/AIDS (2 = 28.3 df = 6 P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Although more than two thirds of the inmates had adequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS, there were gaps, misconceptions and high-risk behaviour. Well-designed information, education an communication (IEC) programmes on AIDS should be developed for inmates of prisons nationwide.
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Results: Showed statistically significant changes in maternal literacy [7(10%) vs. 24(36%)] and engagement in income generating activities [17(26%) vs. 54(81%)]. Similarly, the proportion of mothers attending antenatal care during... more
Results: Showed statistically significant changes in maternal literacy [7(10%) vs. 24(36%)] and engagement in income generating activities [17(26%) vs. 54(81%)]. Similarly, the proportion of mothers attending antenatal care during pregnancy increased almost six-fold [7(10%) ...
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Introduction: The revised Nigerian National Health Policy and the WHO Expert Committee on the Role of Hospitals as the First Referral Level both recognize primary health care (PHC) as the entry point in the referral system. This study was... more
Introduction: The revised Nigerian National Health Policy and the WHO Expert Committee on the Role of Hospitals as the First Referral Level both recognize primary health care (PHC) as the entry point in the referral system. This study was carried out to assess the effect of training of PHC workers on referral and instituting referral focal person among PHCs on key referral indicators in Zaria and Giwa local government areas, North-Western Nigeria. Methodology: The study was a quasi-experimental study with pre- and postinterventional components carried out among seventy participants in the intervention and 62 participants in the control groups who were selected through a multistaged sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire containing close-ended questions. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 20.0. Results: Preintervention, majority of the respondents (74.3%) in the intervention and (67.7%) control groups had not received training on referral process. Postintervention, increase was noted in mean referral rate from 0.18 ± 0.28 to 0.52 ± 0.34, which was statistically significant, and mean counter referral rate from 0 ± 0 to 40.34 ± 45.53 in the study group, but there was no statistically significant change in the control group. Conclusion: Postintervention, significant increases were noticed in two of the practice indicators; referral rate and counter-referral rate in the study group only. The other practice indicators did not record a significant increase.
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Introduction : hypertension is a major public health problem because of its rising prevalence worldwide. Globally, prevalence of hypertension in adults was around 22% in 2014. 1n Africa, a systematic review in 2014 reported a prevalence... more
Introduction : hypertension is a major public health problem because of its rising prevalence worldwide. Globally, prevalence of hypertension in adults was around 22% in 2014. 1n Africa, a systematic review in 2014 reported a prevalence of 19.7% in 1990, 27.4% in 2000 and 30.8% in 2010. Similarly, in northern Nigeria, the prevalence of hypertension was 32.3% and 39.1% in Maiduguri and Kano respectively. This high prevalence of hypertension prompts primary prevention with lifestyle modification such as increased physical activity. This study aims to determine the effect of structured physical activity on blood pressure of hypertensive adults attending GOPC and MOPC at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano. Methods : this study was an experimental study (pre and post) conducted in general out-patient clinic (GOPC) and medical out-patient clinic (MOPC) at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State Nigeria. A total of 98 adult hypertensive adult respondents were recruited using simple random sampling technique and assigned to either intervention or control group by random allocation (balloting). The intervention group was offered structured physical activity using pedometer while the control group on verbal physical activity recommendation. They were followed up for 3 months. The T-test (2 sample T and paired T-test) was used to determine the difference in blood pressure between the two groups before and after structured physical activity. Results : a majority (64.3%) of the respondents were females. Their mean age was 48.6 ± 12.7, with a range of 25 - 62 years. A reduction of 4.01 mmHg (P-value: Conclusion : structured physical activity with pedometer reduced blood pressure among hypertensive adults in Kano. We recommend the inclusion of structured physical activity using pedometer in the treatment guidelines of hypertension.
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Background: The days and weeks following childbirth is a critical phase in the lives of mothers and newborn babies. Major changes occur during this period which determine the well-being of mothers and newborns. Most maternal and infant... more
Background: The days and weeks following childbirth is a critical phase in the lives of mothers and newborn babies. Major changes occur during this period which determine the well-being of mothers and newborns. Most maternal and infant deaths occur during this time. The study aimed at assessing and comparing the availability of postnatal care (PNC) services between primary health-care (PHC) facilities in urban and rural settlements in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a comparative mixed-method community-based study carried out in Sabon Gari and Giwa local government areas (LGAs) of Zaria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 410 households in two LGAs. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data and the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20.0. Results: PNC services were available in the PHC facilities in the study areas, however, in varying degrees. The rural and urban PHCs had 25% and 64.3% of the recommended workforce, respectively. The recommended essential equipment availabilities for PHCs were 26.3% and 38.2% in rural and urban PHCs, respectively. The rural PHCs had 35.4% of the recommended essential drugs, while the urban PHCs had 72.5%. Quantitative findings tallied with focus group discussions that services were better in urban than in rural PHCs. Conclusion: PNC services were inadequate in both urban and rural areas of Kaduna State but more in the rural area. The PHC facilities studied lacked the recommended minimum requirements in terms of human resources for health, basic equipment, and essential drugs, and this was more marked in the rural facilities. The state PHC development agency needs to address shortages of workforce, equipment, and essential medicines in the study areas.
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Increasing sexual networking among university students exposes them to the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. Despite this, the level of condom use and sexual abstinence is low. The objective of the study... more
Increasing sexual networking among university students exposes them to the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. Despite this, the level of condom use and sexual abstinence is low. The objective of the study was to describe sexual behavior and identify predictors of condom use among students in a Nigerian university. A cross sectional survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaires among 404 students of the Federal university of Technology, Minna in northern Nigeria. A total of 328 (81.2%) questionnaires were completed and returned. There were 230 male and 98 female respondents giving a sex ratio of 1:2.3. The respondent&#39;s ages ranged from 16 to 38 years with an overall mean of 23.53.51 years. A significantly higher proportion of males 184 (80.0%) reported being sexually experienced compared to 64 (65.0%) females (chi2 = 8.05 P &lt; 0.05). The mean age of first sexual experience was also significantly higher among male students [18.92.1 years] compared to female students [16.41.7 years] (t = 11.36, P &lt; 0.01). Similarly, a significantly higher proportion (56.2%) of sexually active males had multiple partners compared to females (38.1%) (chi2 = 11.9, P = 0.001). In addition, the mean number of lifetime sexual partners was significantly higher (5.3) for males compared to females (2.6) [t = 12.0, P &lt; 0.001]. Condom was consistently used by 38.3% (n=95) of sexually active students in both genders. A higher proportion (44.6%) (n=82) of male students reported regular use of condoms compared to (20.3%) (n=13) of (partners of) sexually active female students (chi2 = 11.8 P = 0.001). Significant predictors of regular condom use include (male) gender, (higher) level of study and (single) marital status. Most students were sexually active and many practiced unsafe sex. This indicates the need for youth friendly reproductive health programmes targeting these students.
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Research Interests: Occupational Health, Environmental Health, Nigeria, Medicine, Humans, and 15 moreMale, Welding, Young Adult, Occupational Safety and Health, Clinical Sciences, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Functional Illiteracy, Adult, Occupational Exposure, Educational Status, Cross Sectional Studies, Protective Clothing, Occupational Accidents, and guidelines as topic
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Introduction: Hypertension affects approximately one billion people worldwide. Three hundred and forty million of these in economically developed and 340 million in economically-developing countries. The World Heart Federation reports... more
Introduction: Hypertension affects approximately one billion people worldwide. Three hundred and forty million of these in economically developed and 340 million in economically-developing countries. The World Heart Federation reports that in the developed world, about 330 million people have hypertension, and about 640 million in the developing world. Estimates indicate that up to three quarters of the world’s hypertensive population will be in economically developing countries by the year 2025. Non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs is one of the most important causes of uncontrolled blood pressure. Materials and Methods: Between August 2013 and June 2014, we enrolled 424 hypertensive patients in a cross-sectional study using systematic sampling technique. The Morisky Green test for non-adherence was used to assess non-adherence to drugs. Information was collected regarding socio-demographic, drug related and healthcare service delivery factors to patient non-adherence using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was conducted using Epi info software. Results: The level of non-adherence was 69.1%. Factors that were independently associated with non-adherence were; being a Junior Civil Servant (OR 2.9: 95%CI 1.1–7.7), exhaustion of drugs before the next clinic appointment (OR 5.9: 95%CI 2.8–12.5), buying drugs in private pharmacies and open market (OR 1.9: 95%CI 1.03–3.3) and total time spent counselling of less than five minutes (OR 1.8: 95%CI 1.02–3.2). Conclusion: The level of non-adherence in this study was found to be high. Creating special support groups for Junior Civil Servants, ensuring patients come back to the hospital to refill their drugs, improving counselling techniques and making prescribed antihypertensive drugs constantly available in the hospital, could improve the level of non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs among patients attending Federal Staff Hospitals and Clinics.
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Introduction bullying affects up to 85% of in-school adolescents in Nigeria. It presents a potentially serious threat to healthy adolescent development. Bullying has not been extensively studied in Nigeria and more so in northern Nigeria.... more
Introduction bullying affects up to 85% of in-school adolescents in Nigeria. It presents a potentially serious threat to healthy adolescent development. Bullying has not been extensively studied in Nigeria and more so in northern Nigeria. Therefore, we investigated the types and predictors of bullying perpetration among adolescents in secondary schools. Methods we conducted a cross-sectional study between January and March 2019. Using a multistage sampling technique, we recruited 390 adolescents. We estimated the prevalence and types of bullying perpetration, and we examined the predictors of bullying among the participants using chi-square and binary logistic regression at a 5% level of significance. Results the mean age of adolescents was 15.2 ± 1.9 years. Majority of the participants 234 (60.0%) were in late adolescence (15-19 years), and 205 (52.6%) were males. The most prevalent type of bullying perpetrated was verbal [69.7%; 95% CI = 64.9-74.3%]. Overall, 307 [78.7%; 95% CI = 74.3-82.6%] had perpetrated at least one type of bullying. Male gender (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 2.70; 95%CI = 1.43 - 5.10), attending a boarding school (aOR: 7.93, 95% CI = 2.91 - 21.58) and frequent parental conflicts (aOR: 5.23, 95% CI = 2.15 - 12.71) were independent predictors of bullying perpetration. Conclusion there is a high prevalence of bullying perpetration among adolescents in Sokoto metropolis, especially among males, those in boarding schools and those who experience frequent parental conflicts. We recommend that school principals should pay close attention to this behaviour and parents should be sensitized on the consequences of their domestic actions on their children.
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Introduction palliative care offers a care and support system to people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In Nigeria, the palliative care (PC) practice generally is new and... more
Introduction palliative care offers a care and support system to people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In Nigeria, the palliative care (PC) practice generally is new and still developing. While most studies on HIV/AIDS assess drug treatment and adherence for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), there is paucity of data on PC services available for them. We therefore assessed the PC services offered and referral services available to PLWHA in health facilities. Methods we conducted a cross-sectional study across all public secondary and tertiary health facilities offering HIV care services in Abuja, Nigeria between February and May 2017. We used an interviewer-administered semi-structure questionnaire to collect information from the heads of health facilities. The questionnaire assessed palliative care and referral services for PLWHA. Frequencies and proportions were calculated using Microsoft-Excel. Results of the 17 health facilities assessed, only 6 (35.3%) have constituted a palliative care team but only 3 (17.6%) had some sources of fund for PC. Twelve (70.6%) provided nutritional support for PLWHA, 6 (35.3%) provided spiritual and 8 (47.1%) offered bereavement support for families of PLWHA. Sixteen (94.1%) had well-established referral services for PLWHA. Conclusion palliative care services for PLWHA were generally poor in all the health facilities. There exists a well-established referral services for PLWHA in most of the health facilities. We recommend that the PC structure for PLWHA should be improved by increasing and ensuring compliance to guidelines and the established referral network should continue to be strengthened.
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Background/Aims : Equipment are veritable tools for proper diagnosis and effective management of clients. Every health care facility must possess a minimum acceptable level of equipment if quality of care is to be assessed and assured.... more
Background/Aims : Equipment are veritable tools for proper diagnosis and effective management of clients. Every health care facility must possess a minimum acceptable level of equipment if quality of care is to be assessed and assured. Methodology : This study was conducted in Tafa LGA of Niger state in the North Central Nigeria with a view to assessing the status of equipment in the primary health centres, using minimum equipment standard developed by the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) and to determine the perception of clients on the level of equipment in the centres. Checklist and Focus Group Discussions guide were used in this regard. Results : Results show that out the 26 minimum equipment requirements, none of the three primary health centres scored a minimum requirement. Conclusion : Equipment supply and maintenance in the primary health centres must be central in realising the objectives of the health sector reform programme of this administration. Keywords : assessment, equipment, status, primary health centres Sahel Medical Journal Vol. 8(4) 2005: 83-87
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Introduction: Communication between a husband and wife is necessary for joint decision-making on reproductive health issues. This study assessed the practice of spousal communication and reasons for not engaging in spousal communication... more
Introduction: Communication between a husband and wife is necessary for joint decision-making on reproductive health issues. This study assessed the practice of spousal communication and reasons for not engaging in spousal communication among married men in two rural communities in Northern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 411 married men selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire containing open- and close-ended questions and analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 17.0. Results: All of the men were Muslim and Hausa-Fulani, with mean age 37.3 ± 10.9 years. Overall, spousal communication was adequate in 204 (49.6%) of them. It was highest on whether or not wife should attend antenatal care (ANC) (68.3%), importance of ANC (66.3%), and services available at the health facility during ANC and delivery (55.6%). It was lowest on whether or not the couple should use family planning (22.4%), when to get pregnant (21.0%), husband's or wife's feeling about family planning (21.0%), and number of children to have (14.6%). The most common reason given for not engaging in spousal communication was that religion forbids the act and such discussion is not important. Conclusion and Recommendation: More effort should be put into improving spousal communication, especially in relation to family planning and birth preparedness. Such effort must address harmful cultural and religious beliefs, possibly by collaborating with religious leaders.
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Introduction: Malaria in pregnancy (MIP) is one of the leading causes of maternal deaths and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Nigeria. All pregnant women in the country are at risk of MIP. Since 2001, intermittent preventive therapy (IPTp)... more
Introduction: Malaria in pregnancy (MIP) is one of the leading causes of maternal deaths and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Nigeria. All pregnant women in the country are at risk of MIP. Since 2001, intermittent preventive therapy (IPTp) using pyrimethamine sulfadoxinewas recommended by the World Health Organization as a strategy for prevention of MIP. Nigeria adopted this policy in 2005. This study was carried out to determine the effects of training primary health care workers on the utilization of IPTp among pregnant women who attend antenatal clinics in Sabon-Gari local government area (LGA) of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Methodology: Using quasi-experimental pre and post study design. Two LGAs were sampled, SabonGari the intervention LGA and Zaria LGA as the control. One hundred and seventy clients each from the 6 Primary Health Care Centers (PHCs) in Sabon-Gari, the study and 5 PHCs in Zaria LGA, the control were selected. Semi-structured, Pre-tested questionnaires and focused group discussion (FGD) guides were used as an instrument of data collection from the clients′ pre- and post-intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS 17 and STATA 12SE. Relationships between variables were tested using χ2 at P < 0.05 level of significance. Results: Majority of the clients aged 20-24 years, were married, Hausa Muslims Intermittent preventive therapy had mainly primary education, and earn < 5000/month. During the baseline assessment at the PHCs in Sabon-Gari LGAs, only 20 (11.8%) of the clients had good knowledge of the IPTp. This however increased significantly to 144 (87.4%) clients post intervention (mks 11.12 ± 1.99 P < 0.001). A significant majority of the clients in Zaria still had poor knowledge of the IPTp post study (mean knowledge score = 3.86 ± 2.50, P < 0.001). The poor practice in Zaria also persisted even after the study period, but with a significant decrease from 160 (94.12%) to 142 clients (83.53%), with the mean practice score in Zaria being 2.62 ± 1.72, P < 0.001). More clients (68%) use IPTp - sulfadoxine pyrimethamine at the study LGA postintervention. Conclusion: This research has demonstrated significant improvement in the knowledge and utilization of the IPTp by the clients in the study LGA when the health care workers were trained compared with where such training was not conducted, in the control LGA.
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Background : Information is the lifeblood of policy formulation and decision-making. To obtain information for decision making in health care system, there must be an effective Health Management Information System (HMIS) that will ensure... more
Background : Information is the lifeblood of policy formulation and decision-making. To obtain information for decision making in health care system, there must be an effective Health Management Information System (HMIS) that will ensure reliable, accurate, complete and timely data from grass root to the policy making level. This study was conducted with a view to assessing the quality of record system in terms of availability of HMIS forms, accuracy and completeness of forms in the primary health centres of Tafa Local Government Area of Niger state. Method : A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted. All the 3 primary health centres in Tafa LGA of Niger state in North Central Nigeria were assessed, using a minimum standard of health management information forms expected in the primary health centres developed by the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA). A scoring system was used to assess the primary health centres in terms of availability, accuracy and completeness of filling of the forms. Results : Results shows that out of the 15 forms expected in the primary health centres New Bwari primary health centre had total of 6 while New Wuse and Iku Primary health centres scored 4 and 3 respectively. With respect to accuracy of filling the forms New Bwari primary health centre scored 2 while New Wuse and Iku Primary health centres scored 3 each. And with respect to completeness of filling the forms New Bwari primary health centre scored 1 while New Wuse and Iku Primary health centres scored 2 each. Conclusion : The precipitous slide in health performance in Nigeria may be attributable to among other things; poor policy and decision-making process that may be as a result of dearth, inaccuracy, deficiency and unreliability of information especially at the primary health care level. The current health sector reform effort of the government must therefore pay a lot of premium to the National Health Management Information System in order to ensure effective monitoring and evaluation of the programmes. Keywords : quality, records, system, and primary health centres Annals of Nigerian Medicine Vol. 1(1) 2005: 15-18
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Background: Primary Health-Care Workers (PHCWs) are at a high risk of contracting blood-borne infections due to their occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs). The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of... more
Background: Primary Health-Care Workers (PHCWs) are at a high risk of contracting blood-borne infections due to their occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs). The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of occupational exposures and associated factors contributing to the exposure to BBFs. We also evaluated the post-exposure practices among PHCWs in Kaduna State. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 26 to October 7, 2011. One hundred and seventy-two PHCWs were included in the study using a multistage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the data on sociodemographic characteristics, occupational exposures to BBFs and post-exposure practices of PHCWs. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software, and descriptive, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: One hundred and seventeen (68%) PHCWs had been exposed to BBF during their professional practice, of which 53.5% and 38.4% were needlestick and blood splash exposures, respectively. Needlestick and blood splash exposures 3 months prior to the survey occurred in 27.2% and 53.0% of them, respectively. The most common causes of needlestick injuries were during disposal of needles (44.0%) and administration of injections (28.0%). The majority of the respondents (79.8%) failed to report the exposure incidents. Only 8% of the respondents preformed the desirable post-exposure action of washing the exposure site immediately with soap and water. Primary health care workers &lt; 40 years of age had significantly lesser odds of exposure compared to those aged 40 years and above (adjusted odds ratio = 0.18, P = 0.02). Conclusion: The high rate of occupational exposure to BBFs among health-care workers reveals an urgent need to raise awareness and to provide periodic training in infection prevention.
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Introduction: Delays in care seeking for obstetric emergencies are major determinants of maternal death in Nigeria. Birth preparedness has been found to be effective in reducing these delays. Male involvement is necessary for improving... more
Introduction: Delays in care seeking for obstetric emergencies are major determinants of maternal death in Nigeria. Birth preparedness has been found to be effective in reducing these delays. Male involvement is necessary for improving birth preparedness because of patriarchy which allows men to control women′s access to and utilization of maternal health care. Aim: To assess the effect of a health promotion intervention on male involvement in birth preparedness in a rural community in northern Nigeria. Materials and Method: A quasi-experimental study in which 205 and 206 married men were enrolled into study and control groups respectively. Pre-intervention, data were collected from both groups. Thereafter, a three-component health promotion intervention was carried out among the study group. Six months after, a post-intervention survey was carried out among both groups. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics 17.0, and statistical significance of difference between pre- and post-intervention levels of birth preparedness was determined using Chi-square test at P < 0.05. Qualitative data was analyzed manually according to themes. Results: Post-intervention, both study and control groups did not show statistically significant increase in the practice of birth preparedness. Analysis of qualitative data revealed that their religious beliefs were not in favour of the practice of birth preparedness. Conclusion: The intervention did not increase male involvement in birth preparedness likely due to religious misconceptions. Therefore, future studies should consider assessing the effect of interventions that employ religious approaches on birth preparedness.
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... How to cite this URL: Abubakar AA, Idris SH, Sabitu K, Shehu AU, Sambo MN. ... Permission was obtained from the health department of Sabon Gari LGA and clearance was obtained from the scientific and ethical committee of the Ahmadu... more
... How to cite this URL: Abubakar AA, Idris SH, Sabitu K, Shehu AU, Sambo MN. ... Permission was obtained from the health department of Sabon Gari LGA and clearance was obtained from the scientific and ethical committee of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching ... 3. 4. Sadiq LK. ...