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- Malayalam, the lingua franca of the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puduchery, is one of the six Classical languages of India. Malayalam literature comprises those literary texts written in Malayalam, a South-Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala. The first travelogue in any Indian language is the Malayalam Varthamanappusthakam, written by Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar in 1785. Malayalam literature has been presented with 6 Jnanapith awards, the second-most for any Dravidian language and the third-highest for any Indian language. The Sangam literature can be considered as the ancient predecessor of Malayalam. The origin of Malayalam calendar dates back to year 825 CE. It is generally agreed that the Quilon Syrian copper plates of 849/850 CE is the available oldest inscription written in Old Malayalam. The earliest known literary works in Malayalam are Ramacharitam and Thirunizhalmala, two epic poems written in Old Malayalam. In the subsequent centuries, besides a popular Pattu ("song") literature, the manipravalam poetry also flourished. Manipravalam (translates "ruby coral") style consisted of poetry in an admixture of Malayalam and Sanskrit. Then came works such as champus and sandeshakavyas in which prose and poetry were interspersed. Later, poets like Cherusseri introduced poems on devotional themes. Designated a "Classical Language in India" in 2013, Malayalam literature developed into the current form mainly by the influence of the poets Cherusseri Namboothiri, Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan, and Poonthanam Nambudiri, in the 15th and the 16th centuries of Common Era. Thunchathu Ezhuthachchan is also known as The father of modern Malayalam literature. Kunchan Nambiar, a poet of 18th century CE, also has contributed much to Malayalam literature in its early form. The Bharathappuzha river, also known as River Ponnani, and its tributaries, have played a major role in the development of modern Malayalam Literature. There were also other important works, in Arabi Malayalam like Muhyadheen Mala, which was also produced in 16th-17th centuries of Common Era. The growth of Arabi Malayalam literature eventually lead to Mappila Songs. The words used in many of the Arabi Malayalam works those date back to 16th-17th centuries of Common Era are also very closer to the modern Malayalam language. Ezhuthachan, a strong proponent of Bhakti movement, is known as the father of Malayalam. His poems are classified under the genre of kilippattu. The prose literature, criticism, and Malayalam journalism began after the latter half of the 18th century CE. Contemporary Malayalam literature deals with social, political, and economic life context. Modern literary movements in Malayalam literature began in the late 19th century with the rise of the famous Modern Triumvirate consisting of Kumaran Asan, Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer and Vallathol Narayana Menon. Kumaran Asan was temperamentally a pessimist—a disposition reinforced by his metaphysics—yet all his life was active in promoting his downtrodden Hindu-Ezhava community. Ullor wrote in the classical tradition, appealing for universal love, while Vallathol responded to the human significance of social progress. Contemporary Malayalam poetry deals with social, political, and economic life context. The tendency of the modern poetry is often towards political radicalism. In the second half of the 20th century, Jnanpith winning poets and writers like G. Sankara Kurup, S. K. Pottekkatt, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Edasseri Govindan Nair, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, O. N. V. Kurup, and Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri, had made valuable contributions to the modern Malayalam literature. Later, writers like O. V. Vijayan, Kamaladas, M. Mukundan, Arundhati Roy, and Vaikom Muhammed Basheer, have gained international recognition. The modern Malayalam grammar is based on the book Kerala Panineeyam written by A. R. Raja Raja Varma in the late 19th century CE. (en)
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- Published in the monthly periodical Jnananikshepam August edition (en)
- Translation of Tales from Shakespeare: The Winter's Tale by Mary Lamb, The Winter's Tale by William Shakespeare (en)
- First Historical novel translated to Malayalam (en)
- First novel foretold to have sequels in a trilogy (en)
- First novel printed and released in Malayalam (en)
- First repeated translation of a novel to Malayalam (en)
- First satirical novel in Malayalam (en)
- Translation of Akbar by M. M which is a translation of Akbar by Dr. P.A.S van Limburg Brouwer (en)
- Published in Vidyāvinodini periodical (en)
- Published in the periodical Vidyavilasini (en)
- Translation of Abhijnanasakuntalam by Kalidasa (en)
- Translation of The Holy War by John Bunyan (en)
- First Malayalam novel to be a part of a trilogy, First Malayalam novel to have a masculine title (en)
- First novel printed and published in Malayalam with a story based in Kerala and around Malayalees, First novel translated to Malayalam which was originally conceived in English (en)
- Translation of The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan (en)
- First Historical novel in Malayalam, Kerala and South India, First novel from Travancore (en)
- First social novel in Malayalam, first novel made in Malayalam with Malayali characters and a story based in Malabar, Kerala, (en)
- Translation of Tales from Shakespeare: As You Like It by Mary Lamb, As You Like It by William Shakespeare (en)
- First novel translated to Malayalam which was originally conceived in an Indian language (en)
- The first prose translation to Malayalam from Sanskrit literature (en)
- Inspired from 'The Story of the Prince Kamar-Ez-Zeman and the Princess Budoor', The Thousand And One Nights Vol II by Edward William Lane which is a translation of Kitab Alf Laylah Wa-Laylah (en)
- First repeated translation of an English literature to Malayalam (en)
- Translation of The Slayer Slain by Mrs. Richard Collins & Rev. Richard Collins (en)
- Sequel to ജാതിഭേദം , First sequel in Malayalam prose literature (en)
- Translation of Rasselas or The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia by Samuel Johnson (en)
- Translation of The History of Phulmani and Karuna by Mrs. Mullens which is a translation of ফুলমনি ও করুণার বিবরণ [Fulmoni O Korunar Biboron] by Mrs. (Hana Catherine) (en)
- Divided into three parts: Part One is a prequel ജാതിഭേദം . Part Two has a plot with same characters of the prequel and some new characters in a new situation. Part Three is presented as a religious tract following incidents of Part Two. (en)
- Regarded as the first short-story of Malayalam literature (en)
- Translation of Saguna by Kirubai Sathyanathan Ammal (en)
- First novel conceived and published in Malayalam, first novel by a Malayalee Keralite, First novel from Malabar (en)
- Published in the monthly periodical Jnananikshepam August, September, November editions (en)
- Translation of Kamala by Kirubai Sathyanathan Ammal (en)
- Translation of The Comedy of Errors by William Shakespeare (en)
- First Malayalam novel to have a story outside Kerala and without Malayali characters (en)
- Published in the monthly periodical Rajyasamacharam December edition (en)
- Translation of The History of Phulmani and Karuna by Mrs. Mullens which is a translation of ফুলমনি ও করুণার বিবরণ [Fulmoni O Korunar Biboron] by Mrs. (Hana Catherine) Mullens (en)
- Published in the monthly periodical Rajyasamacharam February edition (en)
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