ex
英語
编辑發音
编辑詞源1
编辑名詞
编辑ex (複數 exes)
派生詞
编辑參見
编辑- (拉丁字母字母名稱) a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee / zed
詞源2
编辑源自刪除時多用的叉形類似字母X。
動詞
编辑ex (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 exes，現在分詞 exing，一般過去時及過去分詞 exed)
詞源3
编辑前綴ex-的單獨使用。
名詞
编辑ex (複數 exes)
- 〈口〉 前任（前夫/前妻/前男女朋友）
- Her ex is still sending her flowers, even though she has moved on.
- 雖然她早就搬家了，她前任還在給他送花。
形容詞
编辑ex (無比較級)
- 之前的
詞源4
编辑形容詞
编辑ex (無比較級)
- (火車) 本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除
{{rfdef}}模板。- 1885, F. A. Marindin, 引 Arthur Oakes, 編者Henry G. Calcraft, Annual Reports, Returns, Etc[1], Midland Railway - inquiry into the causes of a collision at Swinton station，第 96 頁:
- When between the station and the junction I was looking to the rear of the train on the near side, thinking it possible that we might receive a signal from the guard to shunt at Swindon junction to allow the 2.27 a.m. fast train ex Derby to pass, but the guard did not give any signal
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2003年2月11日, "Fat Richard", “Re: Chiltern not stopping at Warwick Parkway”, 出自 uk.railway[3] (Usenet), retrieved 11 June 2018, message-ID <2a1e76b8-185c-4b27-a8d2-6f3f3331f6cd@dp10g2000vbb.googlegroups.com>:
- All trains from start of service up to the 13.57 ex Norwich (16.45 ex Nottingham) are 4 cars between Nottingham and Liverpool and all East bound trains are 4 cars from Liverpool Lime Street as far as Nottingham.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2016年3月17日, Derek Jones, “South East Bus Festival, Detling, 2 April 2016”, 出自 Invicta Newsgroup[4] (Usenet), retrieved 11 June 2018, message-ID <CAJ9GgXJNSabs=QsEzzf-tCXQcXPdZyRZgiEtk9J3e8ToRs+ctg@mail.gmail.com>:
- The outward timing is: Ashford International railway station (domestic side) *departs at 09.25hrs* (connecting with the 07.32 ex Brighton *Marshlink* train and, 08.37 ex London St. Pancras International *HS1* train)
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
詞源5
编辑expensive的縮略。
形容詞
编辑- (新加坡)〈口〉 貴的
- It's too ex.
- 太貴了。
異序詞
编辑加泰羅尼亞語
编辑名詞
编辑ex m 或 f (無屈折)
- 前任（前夫/前妻/前男女朋友）
荷蘭語
编辑發音
编辑名詞
编辑- 前任（前夫/前妻/前男女朋友）
德語
编辑動詞
编辑ex
匈牙利語
编辑發音
编辑名詞
编辑ex (複數 exek)
- 〈口〉 前任（前夫/前妻/前男女朋友）
變格
编辑| 變格 (詞幹：-e-，元音和諧律：前不圓唇) | ||
|---|---|---|
| 單數 | 複數 | |
| 主格 | ex | exek |
| 賓格 | exet | exeket |
| 與格 | exnek | exeknek |
| 工具格 | exszel | exekkel |
| 因果格 | exért | exekért |
| 轉移格 | exszé | exekké |
| 到格 | exig | exekig |
| 樣格-形式 | exként | exekként |
| 樣格-情態 | — | — |
| 內格 | exben | exekben |
| 頂格 | exen | exeken |
| 接格 | exnél | exeknél |
| 入格 | exbe | exekbe |
| 上下格 | exre | exekre |
| 向格 | exhez | exekhez |
| 出格 | exből | exekből |
| 上格 | exről | exekről |
| 奪格 | extől | exektől |
冰島語
编辑發音
编辑名詞
编辑ex n (属格单数 ex，主格复数 ex)
變格
编辑意大利語
编辑名詞
编辑ex m 或 f
- 前任（前夫/前妻/前男女朋友）
拉丁語
编辑發音
编辑詞源1
编辑名詞
编辑ex f (ex)
- 字母 X 的名稱。
使用注意
编辑- 字母X, x最開始有多種名稱，最常見的有ix/īx, ex，或單音節x，也有可能有過xē, xə的名稱。
近義詞
编辑- ix, īx
相關詞彙
编辑參考資料
编辑- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63
詞源2
编辑源自原始印歐語 *h₁eǵʰs (“出”)。與古希臘語 ἐξ (ex)/ἐκ (ek), 古愛爾蘭語 ess-, a, ass, 立陶宛語 ìš, 教會斯拉夫語 из (iz)同源。
介詞
编辑ex (+ 奪格)
使用注意
编辑- 有時縮作ē。後跟的名詞奪格以元音或 h 時則不縮寫。另外，兩種形式可以在同一句子中出現 (如 "qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt”, Cicero, Republic 6, 14)。
反義詞
编辑派生詞
编辑派生語彙
编辑- 葡萄牙語: eis
參考資料
编辑- ex in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
- “ex”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891年) An Elementary Latin Dictionary，New York：Harper & Brothers
- ex在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- ex在Gaffiot, Félix (1934年) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典)，Hachette中的內容
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894年) Latin Phrase-Book[5]，London：Macmillan and Co.
- to stand out of the water: ex aqua exstare
- to come to the surface: (se) ex aqua emergere
- to draw off water from a river: aquam ex flumine derivare
- the Rhine rises in the Alps: Rhenus oritur or profluit ex Alpibus
- the tide is coming in: aestus ex alto se incitat (B. G. 3.12)
- to evacuate territory: (ex) finibus excedere
- to return from a journey: ex itinere redire
- to leave a place: discedere a, de, ex loco aliquo
- to leave a place: egredi loco; excedere ex loco
- to quit a place for ever: decedere loco, de, ex loco
- to dismount: descendere ex equo
- the Nile rushes down from very high mountains: Nilus praecipitat ex altissimis montibus
- to rush out of the house: se proripere ex domo
- since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
- to wrest from a person's hand: ex or de manibus alicui or alicuius extorquere aliquid
- to go out of sight, disappear: abire ex oculis, e conspectu alicuius
- a native of England: ortus ab Anglis or oriundus ex Anglis
- to leave one's boyhood behind one, become a man: ex pueris excedere
- to have the gout: ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse
- to recover from a disease: ex morbo convalescere (not reconvalescere)
- to sleep soundly (from fatigue): arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine)
- to depart this life: (ex) vita excedere, ex vita abire
- to depart this life: de vita exire, de (ex) vita migrare
- concatenation, interdependence of causes: rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae
- important results are often produced by trivial causes: ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent
- to originate in, arise from: ex aliqua re nasci, manare
- to accrue in great abundance: ex aliqua re redundare (in or ad aliquid)
- untold advantages arise from a thing: utilitas efflorescit ex aliqua re
- these things have the same origin: haec ex eodem fonte fluunt, manant
- from every point of view; looked at in every light: omni ex parte; in omni genere; omnibus rebus
- to a certain extent: aliqua ex parte
- to depend upon a thing: pendēre ex aliqua re
- to be composed of; to consist of: constare ex aliqua re
- it is evident from..: cernitur (in) aliqua re (not ex aliqua re)
- to let success slip through one's fingers: fortunam ex manibus dimittere
- his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re
- to rescue from peril: aliquem ex periculo eripere, servare
- to raise a man from poverty to wealth: aliquem ex paupere divitem facere
- to be of use: usui or ex usu esse
- to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing: fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re
- (great) advantage accrues to me from this: fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me
- to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces: benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliare or colligere (ex aliqua re)
- according to a man's deserts: ex, pro merito
- as one would wish; to one's mind: ex sententia
- I heard him say..: ex eo audivi, cum diceret
- to derive pleasure from a thing: voluptatem ex aliqua re capere or percipere
- to recruit oneself, seek relaxation: animum relaxare, reficere, recreare or simply se reficere, se recreare, refici, recreari (ex aliqua re)
- to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another: coniecturam alicuius rei facere or capere ex aliqua re
- to judge others by oneself: de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere
- to relieve a man of his scruple: scrupulum ex animo alicuius evellere (Rosc. Am. 2. 6)
- according to my strong conviction: ex animi mei sententia (vid. sect. XI. 2)
- to put off from one day to another: diem ex die ducere, differre
- from memory; by heart: ex memoria (opp. de scripto)
- the memory of this will never fade from my mind: numquam ex animo meo memoria illius rei discedet
- a thing escapes, vanishes from the memory: aliquid excidit e memoria, effluit, excidit ex animo
- to choose one from a large number of instances: ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere)
- to take a lesson from some one's example: sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo
- systematic succession, concatenation: continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque sint (N. D. 1. 4. 9)
- to derive an argument from a thing: argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re
- to draw a conclusion from a thing: concludere, colligere, efficere, cogere ex aliqua re
- it follows from this that..: sequitur (not ex quo seq.) ut
- it follows from this that..: ex quo, unde, hinc efficitur ut
- to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere
- there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse: ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent
- profound sentiments: sententiae reconditae ex exquisitae (Brut. 97. 274)
- to read a speech: de scripto orationem habere, dicere (opp. sine scripto, ex memoria)
- to translate from Plato: ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre
- what follows has been translated into Latin from Plato's Phaedo: ex Platonis Phaedone haec in latinum conversa sunt
- to extract a word from some one: verbum ex aliquo elicere
- no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
- to form, derive a word from... (used of the man who first creates the word): vocabulum, verbum, nomen ducere ab, ex...
- to make extracts from Cicero's writings: aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (not excerpere librum)
- to take pleasure in a thing: laetitiam capere or percipere ex aliqua re
- I am pained, vexed, sorry: doleo aliquid, aliqua re, de and ex aliqua re
- to be vexed about a thing: dolorem capere (percipere) ex aliqua re
- to undergo severe trouble, trials: magnum luctum haurire (without ex-)
- to feel sorrow about a thing: luctum percipere ex aliqua re
- to recover from one's fright: ex metu se recreare, se colligere
- to stifle, repress all humane sentiments in one's mind: omnem humanitatem ex animo exstirpare (Amic. 13. 48)
- to love deeply: aliquem ex animo or ex animi sententia amare (Q. Fr. 1. 1. 5)
- to banish love from one's mind: amorem ex animo eicere
- to banish all feeling of prejudice from the mind: suspicionem ex animo delere
- to make a person odious, unpopular: invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in aliquem
- to live as scrupulously moral a life as ever: nihil ex pristina virtute remittere
- to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re
- to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others: religionem ex animis extrahere (N. D. 1. 43. 121)
- I swear on my conscience: ex animi mei sententia iuro
- sole heir; heir to three-quarters of the estate: heres ex asse, ex dodrante
- heir to two-thirds of the property: heres ex besse
- according to my custom: ex consuetudine mea (opp. praeter consuetudinem)
- according to traditional usage: ex instituto (Liv. 6. 10. 6)
- to have a large income from a thing (e.g. from mines): magnas pecunias ex aliqua re (e.g. ex metallis) facere
- the rate of interest has gone up from 4 per cent to 8 per cent: fenus ex triente Id. Quint. factum erat bessibus (Att. 4. 15. 7)
- to make profit out of a thing: lucrum facere (opp. damnum facere) ex aliqua re
- to get out of debt: ex aere alieno exire
- to depose, bring down a person from his elevated position: aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis gradu praecipitare (Dom. 37. 98)
- to raise oneself by another's fall: crescere ex aliquo
- to profit by the unpopularity of the senate to gain influence oneself: crescere ex invidia senatoria
- to use some one's unpopularity as a means of making oneself popular: ex invidia alicuius auram popularem petere (Liv. 22. 26)
- owing to political dissension: ex rei publicae dissensione
- to banish a person, send him into exile: ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem
- to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
- to deliver the state from a tyranny: rem publicam in libertatem vindicare a or ex dominatione
- the public income from the mines: pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit
- to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
- justly and equitably: ex aequo et bono (Caecin. 23. 65)
- to make a sally, sortie from the town: eruptionem facere ex oppido
- to make a sally, sortie from the town: crebras ex oppido excursiones facere (B. G. 2. 30)
- to fight on horseback: ex equo pugnare
- soldiers routed and dispersed: ex (in) fuga dissipati or dispersi (B. G. 2. 24)
- to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)
- to triumph over some one: triumphare de aliquo (ex bellis)
- to triumph over some one: triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae)
- according to treaty: ex pacto, ex foedere
- the ships sail from the harbour: naves ex portu solvunt
- the ships sail out on a fair wind: ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt
- the storm drives some one on an unknown coast: procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert
- to land, disembark: exire ex, de navi
- much damage was done by this collision: ex eo navium concursu magnum incommodum est acceptum
- from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo intellegitur or intellegi potest, debet
- from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo perspicuum est
- to stand out of the water: ex aqua exstare
- ex in Ramminger, Johann (访问于16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[6]，pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “ex”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857年) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography，第 1 & 2 卷，London：Walton and Maberly
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008年) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)，Leiden, Boston：Brill，ISBN 9789004167971，第 195f 頁
中古英語
编辑名詞
编辑ex
- ax (“斧”)的另一種寫法
葡萄牙語
编辑名詞
编辑ex m 或 f 遵詞義 (無語尾變化)
- 〈口〉 前任（前夫/前妻/前男女朋友）
西班牙語
编辑發音
编辑名詞
编辑ex m 或 f (複數 exes)
- 前任（前夫/前妻/前男女朋友）
形容詞
编辑ex (多用於名詞前)
- 之前的
使用注意
编辑一般情況下與ex-可以互換，如前省長可作ex gobernador或exgobernador。
《西班牙語詞典》（DRAE）認為前綴ex-多用於單詞 (如excapitán)，ex 則多用於非單個的詞(如ex primera dama - 前第一夫人)
瑞典語
编辑名詞
编辑ex n
- 〈口〉 前任（前夫/前妻/前男女朋友）