New Mexico

New Mexico Chiu
*State of New Mexico*
New Mexico Chiu; State of New Mexico
Chiu-kî	Chiu-chiong
	Chhiok-hō: Land of Enchantment
	Piau-gí: Crescit eundo ("sûi-hêng sêng-tióng")
	Map of the United States with New Mexico highlighted
Koan-hong gí-giân	Khòaⁿ lōe-iông
Liû-thong gí-giân	English 69.69%; Spanish 28.45%; Navajo 3.5%; other 4.09%;
Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘	New Mexican
Siú-hú	Santa Fe
Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī	Albuquerque
Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe	Albuquerque to͘-hōe-khu
Bīn-chek	Pâi-miâ tē-5
• Ha̍p-kè	121,589 sq mi ; (315,194 km2)
• Tang-sai khoah	342 lí (550 km)
• Lâm-pak khoah	370 lí (595 km)
• % chúi-bīn	0.2
• Hūi-tō͘	31° 20′ N to 37° N
• Keng-tō͘	103° W to 109° 3′ W
Jîn-kháu	Pâi-miâ tē-36
• Ha̍p-kè	2,085,109 (2015 kó͘)
• Bi̍t-tō͘	17.2/sq mi (6.62/km2); Pâi-miâ 45th
Koân-tō͘
• Ko-tiám	Wheeler Peak; 13,167 ft (4013.3 m)
• Pêng-kin	5,700 ft (1,740 m)
• Kē-tiám	Red Bluff Chúi-khò͘ (óa Texas pian-kài); 2,844 ft (867 m)
Siat chiu chìn-chêng	New Mexico Léng-thó͘
Sin chiu seng-li̍p	1912 nî 1 goe̍h 6 ji̍t (tē-47)
Chiu-tiúⁿ	Susana Martinez (R)
Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ	John Sanchez (R)
Li̍p-hoat	New Mexico Li̍p-hoat-hōe
• Siōng-gī-īⁿ	Chham-gī-īⁿ
• Hā-gī-īⁿ	Chiòng-gī-īⁿ
Chham-gī-goân	Tom Udall (D); Martin Heinrich (D);
Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu	1: Michelle Lujan Grisham (D); 2: Steve Pearce (R); 3: Ben R. Luján (D); (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
Sî-khu	Soaⁿ-khu: UTC −7/−6
ISO 3166	US-NM
Kán-siá	NM,
Bāng-chām	www.newmexico.gov

New Mexico sī Bí-kok sai-lâm ê chi̍t-ê chiu, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 2,499,481, pâi-miâ tē 35. I ê siú-hú sī Santa Fe, siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Albuquerque.

Tē-lí

New Mexico ê biān-chek ū 314,460 pêng-hong kong-lí. Chiu ê tâng-pêng pian-kài sī 103° W keng-tō͘, keh-piah sī Oklahoma kap Texas. Chiu-ê lâm-pêng tōa-hūn mā kap Texas sio-chia̍p, sió-hūn sī oa̍h Mexico ê Chihuahua kap Sonora chiu. Tī, sai-pêng, New Mexico kap Arizona í 109° 03' W sio keh. Tī chiu-ê sai-pak, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, kap Utah 4-ê chiu sio-chia̍p tī chi̍t tiám, chit tiám hong hō chò Four Corners.

New Mexico ū bē chió âng-thô͘ soa-bo̍k, lāi-té tiāⁿ ū chit khoán chāi-tē kiò mesa ê soaⁿ, sī chi̍t khoán pêⁿ téng ê tâi-tē. Chiu lāi iû-kî pak-pō͘ ū chin chē chhiū-nâ.

Le̍k-sú

Só͘ chāi siāng chá tī New Mexico chit ūi khiā-khí ê lâng sī sio̍k Clovis bûn-hòa ê sian-chū-bîn. Āu-lâi koh ū Mogollon kap Kó͘-tāi Poeblo-lâng (Ancestral Pueblo) téng-téng. Au-chiu-lâng tī 16 sè-kí lâi-kàu sî, tong-tē í-keng ū Pueblo-lâng kap Navajo, Apache, koh ū Ute téng pō͘-cho̍k.

Francisco Vásquez de Coronado cho͘ chi̍t tīn thàm-hiám-tūi, tùi 1540 nî kàu 1542 nî kî-kan, hiòng New Mexico chia lâi chhōe Fray Marcos de Niza só͘ siá ê nn̂g-kim siâⁿ Cibola. Lēng-gōa chi̍t ūi chhōe kim-khòng ê lâng Francisco de Ibarra, siú-sian ēng Se-pan-gâ-gí hō chit ūi sī Nuevo México, i tī 1563 nî khì kàu Mexico pak-pō͘ jî-chhiá pò-kò tùi "Sin--ê Mexico" ê hoat-hiān. Kàu 1598 nî, Juan de Oñate hong phài chò sin séng-hūn ê chóng-tok sî, chèng-sek hō liáu chit-ê miâ; I koh tī tang nî kiàn-li̍p pún tē siāng chá ê Au-chiu-lâng siā-lí San Juan de los Caballeros.

Santa Fe tī 1608 nî ùi Sangre de Cristo Soaⁿ-lêng kiàn-li̍p, m̄-koh chia-ê lâng kap kî-tha New Mexico ê î-bîn tōa-hūn lóng in-ūi 1680 nî ê Pueblo Hoán-loān lî-khui. It-ti̍t kàu Pueblo ê thâu-lâng Popé sí āu, Diego de Vargas khah lâi têng-sin kiàn-li̍p Se-pan-gâ lâng ê khòng-chè. 1706 nî, î-bîn koh sin khí Albuquerque siâⁿ.

New Mexico tī 1821 nî tùi teh Mexico ê to̍k-li̍p, piàn chò Mexico só͘ chú-tiúⁿ ê thó͘-tē. Āu-lâi Texas Kiōng-hô-kok tī 1836 nî kiàn-li̍p ê sî, mā chú-tiuⁿ Rio Grande Hô tang-pêng sī in só͘-iú. Lēng-gōa, New Mexico ê tang-pak pêng ū chi̍t kak goân-lâi sio̍k Hoat-kok, m̄-koh tī 1803 nî chiàu Louisiana Siu-bé choán hō͘ Bí-kok khì.

1846 nî Mexico Bí-kok Chiàn-cheng liáu-āu, Mexico kun-kù 1848 nî Guadalupe Hidalgo Tiâu-iok kā ī pak-pō͘ tōa-hūn tē-khu lóng koah hō͘ Bí-kok. 1850 nî ê sî, Texas kā in Rio Grande Hô tang-pêng ê léng-thó͘ kap Bí-kok ōaⁿ liáu 1-cheng bān ê Bí-kim. Liáu-āu Bí-kok tī tong-nî 9 goe̍h 9 ji̍t khai-siat New Mexico Léng-thó͘ (New Mexico Territory), lāi-té pau-koat kin-á-ji̍t ê Arizona kap pō͘ hūn Colorado. Lâm-pêng koh ū chi̍t kak thó͘-tē sī keng-kòe 1853 nî Gadsden Siu-bé theh tio̍h. Lēng-gōa, 1850 nî, New Mexico kap Texas ê kài-sòaⁿ khak-tēng.

New Mexico sī Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn ê Khòa-Mississippi Chiàn-tiûⁿ (Trans-Mississippi Theater) chi̍t pō͘-hūn, Liân-bêng-kok kap Ha̍p-chiòng-kok lóng chú-tiuⁿ tùi New Mexico Léng-thó͘ ê khoân-lī. 1861 nî, Liân-bêng-kok kā New Mexico lâm pòaⁿ pêng ōe ji̍p in ka-tī ê Arizona Léng-thó͘, it-ti̍t kàu chiàn-cheng kiat-sok chìn-chêng, Liân-bêng-kok kun-tūi lóng ēng Arizona ê kî-á tī chia oa̍h-tāng.

1945 nî ê goân-chú-tân chhì-giām *Trinity*.

1912 nî 1 goe̍h 6 ji̍t, kok-hōe tông-ì New Mexico siat chò Bí-kok tē-47-ê chiu. 1928 nî, tī Lea Kūn kap Hobbs siâⁿ téng só͘-chāi hoat-kìⁿ chio̍h-iû, it-ti̍t kàu 2002 nî, Midwest Refining Company iá koh tī Hobbs khai-chhái.

Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn kî-kan, chiu lāi ê Los Alamos sī goân-chú-tân khai-hoat kap chè-chō ê só͘-chāi, lēng gōa koh tī White Sands soa-bo̍k chhì-giām. New Mexico āu-lâi hoat-tián chò Bí-kok Khong-kun ê iāu-tē, tû-liáu White Sands Hui-tân Tiûⁿ (White Sands Missile Range), koh ū Los Alamos Kok-kak Si̍t-giām-só͘ kap Sandia Kok-ka Si̍t-giām-só͘.

Jîn-kháu

Koan-hong gí-giân

Goân-lâi tī 1912 nî siat-ê chiu hiàn-hoat sī kui-tēng pún chiu sī chhái-ēng Eng-gí kap Se-pan-gâ-gí ê siang-gí chèng-hú.^[6] Í-gōa hiàn-hoat sī bô kui-tēng it-tēng ê "koan-hong" (official) gí-giân. 1935 nî í-chêng, li̍p-hoat hē-thóng sī ē-tàng thong Se-pan-gâ-gí. Nā tī su-hoat hē-thóng, ka-ta kóng Se-pan-gâ-gí ê lâng kap kóng Eng-gí--ê lâng sī ū kâng-khoán ē-tàng chò pôe-sím (jury) ê khoân-lī.^[7]^[7]^[8] Kong-kiōng kàu-io̍k hong-bīn, chiu chèng-hú tī hiàn-hoat siōng ū gī-bū ài thê-kiong siang-gí kàu-io̍k.^[7]

1989 nî, New Mexico chiâⁿ chò sī thâu chi̍t-ê chhái-ēng English Plus chèng-chhek ê chiu-hūn, ia̍h tio̍h sī thui-kóng Eng-gí í-gōa í-giân ê kàu-io̍k ūn-tōng.^[9] 2008 nî ê sî, pún chiu koh tī kong-li̍p ha̍k-hāu sū-iōng Navajo-gí khò-pún.^[10]

Keng-chè

New Mexico tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 92,959 pa̍h-bān bí-kim.^[11] Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (health care and social assistance) sán-gia̍p.^[12]

Pún chiu ê chio̍h-iû sán-liōng tī 2015 nî 6 goe̍h ū 12,709 chheng-tháng (thousand barrels), tī Bí-kok kok-chiu lāi pâi-miâ tē-5^[13].

Siòng-phìⁿ

Chham-khó

↑ "Most spoken languages in New Mexico in 2010". MLA Data Center. November 4, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Wheeler". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
↑ Crawford, John (1992). Language loyalties: a source book on the official English controversy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 62.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Constitution of the State of New Mexico. Adopted January 21, 1911.
↑ Roberts, Calvin A. (2006). Our New Mexico: A Twentieth Century History. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 23.
↑ Joseph, John Earl (2006). Language and Politics. Edinburgh University Press. p. 63.
↑ Felicia Fonseca (July 31, 2008). "New Mexico first state to adopt Navajo textbook". Seattle Times. October 29, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Total Gross Domestic Product by State for New Mexico, FRED.
↑ "Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015". Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Rankings: Crude Oil Production, June 2015 (thousand barrels), U.S. Energy Information Administration.

[1] "Most spoken languages in New Mexico in 2010". MLA Data Center. November 4, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.

[PopEstUS-2] "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 26, 2015. December 26, 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.

[3] "Wheeler". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.

[USGS-4] 4.0 ^4.1 "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī October 15, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.

[NAVD88-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

[6] Crawford, John (1992). Language loyalties: a source book on the official English controversy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 62.

[const-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Constitution of the State of New Mexico. Adopted January 21, 1911.

[8] Roberts, Calvin A. (2006). Our New Mexico: A Twentieth Century History. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 23.

[JosephJE-9] Joseph, John Earl (2006). Language and Politics. Edinburgh University Press. p. 63.

[10] Felicia Fonseca (July 31, 2008). "New Mexico first state to adopt Navajo textbook". Seattle Times. October 29, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.

[11] Total Gross Domestic Product by State for New Mexico, FRED.

[12] "Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015". Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.

[13] Rankings: Crude Oil Production, June 2015 (thousand barrels), U.S. Energy Information Administration.

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