Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, Dec 1, 2005
The Lamas Basin is an area covering approximately 4,400 km(2) situated on the eastern Mediterrane... more The Lamas Basin is an area covering approximately 4,400 km(2) situated on the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey covered with highly karstified limestone and dolomitic limestone from the Miocene and Mesozoic age, respectively. Owing to the area's low karstification basement, groundwater in the karst aquifer circulates deep from the surface towards the springs along the coast as well as to the submarine springs. This study aims working out the salinization level and recharge characteristics of the Lamas Basin using environmental isotopes techniques. In the study, the data collected previously to discover, in general terms, the groundwater characteristics within the area are reanalyzed to fulfil the purpose of the study. In conclusion, it is found that the down gradient karst springs discharging along the Mediterranean coast mostly contain groundwater contributions from higher altitudes with depleted delta(18)O and delta(2)H compositions. The delta(18)O-altitude effect was determined as approximately-0.12 per thousand/100 m which may indicate sea-spray intrusion towards inland. As a result, the salinization level of coastal springs changes ranging between 1.2 % and 17.0 %. Owing to the seawater encroachment, Ca-HCO(3) water type changes to Na-HCO(3) or Na-Cl water by the cation exchange during the dry period. As the unique freshwater potential extends along the coastal area, the groundwater production should be exploited in a way that seawater encroachment is kept at minimum.
In Greek mythology, the netherworld is guarded by the three-headed hellhound Kerberos. For person... more In Greek mythology, the netherworld is guarded by the three-headed hellhound Kerberos. For persons that passed away it was rather easy to find their way down to the realms of the shadows. Yet, there was no escape from the world of Hades. The gates to hell were used by the souls of the deceased but also by diseased people seeking cure or even prophecies. In ancient times, these gates to the abyss were always connected to unexplainable geo-biological phenomena. Vapors, deadly gases, darkness in caves, bubbling springs, and creeks changing their color were such places. In addition, localities where animals showed strange behavior or plant growth was irregular were selected for sanctuaries, oracles, or gates to the Hadean. Rather often but not always, the geogenic gas carbon dioxide plays a decisive role at these entrances, as it is colorless and tasteless but kills all aerobic life quite quickly at higher concentrations.
The understanding of the relationship between the geochemistry of fluids circulating during trave... more The understanding of the relationship between the geochemistry of fluids circulating during travertine deposition and the presence of active faults is crucial for evaluating the seismogenetic potential of an area. Here we investigate travertines from Pamukkale and Reşadiye (Turkey), sited in seismic regions and next to thermal springs. These travertines formed ~24,500–50,000 (Pamukkale) and ~240–14,600 years (Reşadiye) BP. We characterize fluid inclusions (FIs) and studied concentration of H2O, CO2, O2 + N2, and 3He, 4He, 20Ne, and 40Ar, and bulk composition (trace elements and δ13C‐δ18O). FIs from both localities are mainly primary with low salinity and homogenization temperature around 136–140 °C. H2O is the major component followed by CO2, with the highest gas content measured in Pamukkale travertines. Concentrations of Ne‐Ar together with O2 + N2 indicate that travertines from both areas precipitated from atmosphere‐derived fluids. The 3He/4He is 0.5–1.3 Ra in Pamukkale and 0.9–...
Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, Dec 1, 2005
The Lamas Basin is an area covering approximately 4,400 km(2) situated on the eastern Mediterrane... more The Lamas Basin is an area covering approximately 4,400 km(2) situated on the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey covered with highly karstified limestone and dolomitic limestone from the Miocene and Mesozoic age, respectively. Owing to the area's low karstification basement, groundwater in the karst aquifer circulates deep from the surface towards the springs along the coast as well as to the submarine springs. This study aims working out the salinization level and recharge characteristics of the Lamas Basin using environmental isotopes techniques. In the study, the data collected previously to discover, in general terms, the groundwater characteristics within the area are reanalyzed to fulfil the purpose of the study. In conclusion, it is found that the down gradient karst springs discharging along the Mediterranean coast mostly contain groundwater contributions from higher altitudes with depleted delta(18)O and delta(2)H compositions. The delta(18)O-altitude effect was determined as approximately-0.12 per thousand/100 m which may indicate sea-spray intrusion towards inland. As a result, the salinization level of coastal springs changes ranging between 1.2 % and 17.0 %. Owing to the seawater encroachment, Ca-HCO(3) water type changes to Na-HCO(3) or Na-Cl water by the cation exchange during the dry period. As the unique freshwater potential extends along the coastal area, the groundwater production should be exploited in a way that seawater encroachment is kept at minimum.
In Greek mythology, the netherworld is guarded by the three-headed hellhound Kerberos. For person... more In Greek mythology, the netherworld is guarded by the three-headed hellhound Kerberos. For persons that passed away it was rather easy to find their way down to the realms of the shadows. Yet, there was no escape from the world of Hades. The gates to hell were used by the souls of the deceased but also by diseased people seeking cure or even prophecies. In ancient times, these gates to the abyss were always connected to unexplainable geo-biological phenomena. Vapors, deadly gases, darkness in caves, bubbling springs, and creeks changing their color were such places. In addition, localities where animals showed strange behavior or plant growth was irregular were selected for sanctuaries, oracles, or gates to the Hadean. Rather often but not always, the geogenic gas carbon dioxide plays a decisive role at these entrances, as it is colorless and tasteless but kills all aerobic life quite quickly at higher concentrations.
The understanding of the relationship between the geochemistry of fluids circulating during trave... more The understanding of the relationship between the geochemistry of fluids circulating during travertine deposition and the presence of active faults is crucial for evaluating the seismogenetic potential of an area. Here we investigate travertines from Pamukkale and Reşadiye (Turkey), sited in seismic regions and next to thermal springs. These travertines formed ~24,500–50,000 (Pamukkale) and ~240–14,600 years (Reşadiye) BP. We characterize fluid inclusions (FIs) and studied concentration of H2O, CO2, O2 + N2, and 3He, 4He, 20Ne, and 40Ar, and bulk composition (trace elements and δ13C‐δ18O). FIs from both localities are mainly primary with low salinity and homogenization temperature around 136–140 °C. H2O is the major component followed by CO2, with the highest gas content measured in Pamukkale travertines. Concentrations of Ne‐Ar together with O2 + N2 indicate that travertines from both areas precipitated from atmosphere‐derived fluids. The 3He/4He is 0.5–1.3 Ra in Pamukkale and 0.9–...
Uploads
Papers