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1 JAVA & Classes

The document discusses key features of the Java programming language including: 1. Java is a platform independent language that uses a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to execute bytecode, allowing programs to run on any system that supports Java without recompilation. 2. Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, abstraction and polymorphism as well as multi-threading, network programming and robust memory management. 3. The document provides examples of basic Java programs including defining classes, creating objects, using constructors and methods, and overloading constructors and methods.

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116 views24 pages

1 JAVA & Classes

The document discusses key features of the Java programming language including: 1. Java is a platform independent language that uses a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to execute bytecode, allowing programs to run on any system that supports Java without recompilation. 2. Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, abstraction and polymorphism as well as multi-threading, network programming and robust memory management. 3. The document provides examples of basic Java programs including defining classes, creating objects, using constructors and methods, and overloading constructors and methods.

Uploaded by

satyanarayana
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation by:

JOSHI
Features of JAVA
PLATFORM INDEPENDENT LANGUAGE

OPERATING SYSTEM 1
JAVA RUNTIME
ENVIRONMENT (JRE)
JAVA javac BYTE java JAVA VIRTUAL
APP CODE MACHINE (JVM)
.java .class

OPERATING SYSTEM 2
JAVA RUNTIME
ENVIRONMENT (JRE)
javac java
JAVA BYTE JAVA VIRTUAL
APP CODE MACHINE (JVM)
.java .class
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

– ENCAPSULATION

– INHERITANCE
– Simple Inheritance
– Multi Level Inheritance
– Multiple Inheritance

– ABSTRACTION / POLIMORPHISM
• SECURED
– DATA ENCAPSULATION
– NO POINTERS
– NO UNAUTHORISED CODE

• ROBUST IN MEMORY MANAGEMENT


• MULTI THREADING PROGRAMMING
• GUI PROGRAMMING
• WEB BASED (APPLETS)
• HANDLING RUNTIME ERRORS
• NETWORK BASED APPLICATIONS
JAVA EDITIONS

JAVA
JSDK J2EE J2ME
Object Oriented Programming
Simple Programme in JAVA

import java.lang.*;
public class Hello
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println(“Hello, Friend”);
}
}
How To Excecute a Programme
Set the path and classpath
PATH=%PATH%;c:\j2sdk1.4.0\bin
CLASSPATH=c:\j2sdk1.4.0\lib\*.jar
Save
Hello.java
Compile
prompt:\> javac Hello.java
Execute
prompt:\> java Hello
Output
Hello, Friend
CLASS
• Class is blue print or an idea of an Object
• From One class any number of Instances
can be created
• It is an encapsulation of attributes and
methods class
FIGURE

Ob1 Ob3

CIRCLE Ob2 SQUARE


RECTANGLE
syntax of CLASS

class <ClassName>
{
attributes/variables;
Constructors();
methods();
}
INSTANCE
• Instance is an Object of a class which
is an entity with its own attribute
values and methods.
• Creating an Instance
ClassName refVariable;
refVariable = new Constructor();
or
ClassName refVariable = new Constructor();
VARIABLE
It is a reference to a value in the memory.
These are two types..
1. Instance Variables
Ex.: int a=5;
boolean b=false;
2. Reference Variables
Ex.: Circle c=new Circle();
Student stud=new Student();
Data Types
Type Memory Initials Value
• byte 1 byte 0
• short 2 bytes 0
• int 4 bytes 0
• long 8 bytes 0
• float 4 bytes 0.0
• double 8 bytes 0.0
• char 2 bytes nil
• boolean true / false false
Declaration of Variables
<data_type> <variable> = <initial_value>;
Example:
byte a = 5;
short b = 100;
int n = 5000;
long l = 10000;
float f = 5.5 f;
double d = 10.5;
char c = ‘a’;
boolean b = true;
CONSTRUCTOR
CONSTRUCTOR
• It is used to create an instance and initialise
the variable values in an instance.
• Is a special type of method with class name
and without return type.
• A constructor without arguments is Default
Constructor.
syntax:
ClassName(arguments)
{
variable initialisation;
}
Example of Constructor
class Calculator
{
int a, b;
Calculator(int a, int b)
{
this.a=a;
this.b=b;
}
}
‘this’ keyword
• ‘this’ is a keyword used to refer to hidden
instance variables of present class.
• this.a=a;
• It is used to call a constructor from another
constructor in overloaded constructors in a
class which should be first statement.
• this(a,b);
• It is used to call a method from another
method in overloaded methods to avoid
redundancy of code in methods
• this.addNumbers(a, b);
OVERLOADED CONSTRUCTORS
• Having more than one constructor in single
class by changing the arguments either with
data types or in no. of arguments

Calculator(int a, int b)
Calculator()
{
{
this.a=a;
this(0,0)
this.b=b;
}
}
METHOD
METHOD
Is a function / behavior used to access the
attributes / variables of the class.
syntax:
return_type methodName(arguments)
{
…………..
statements
………….
return value;
}
Example of method

int addNumbers(int a, int b)


{
int c = a + b;
return c;
}
OVERLOADED METHODS
• Having more than one method with same
name in a single class by changing in
either in no. of arguments or in data types
of arguments.

Example:
double divideNumbers(int a, int b)
double divideNumbers(double a, double b)
double divideNumbers(int a, int b, int c)

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