Variables, Constants, Operators,
and Expressions in Excel
A Beginner-Friendly Guide
Variables in Excel
• • Variables are like containers for values.
• • In Excel, cell references (A1, B2, etc.) act as
variables.
• Example:
• - A1 = 10
• - B1 = 5
• - Formula: =A1 + B1 → Result = 15
• Changing A1 to 20 updates the result to 25.
Constants in Excel
• • A constant is a fixed value.
• • In Excel, typing a number directly into a
formula is a constant.
• Example:
• - Formula: =A1 * 3.14
• - Here, 3.14 is a constant.
Operators in Excel
• Excel supports different types of operators:
• • Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, ^, %
• • Comparison: =, >, <, >=, <=, <>
• • Logical: AND, OR, NOT
• Example:
• - =A1 + B1 → Addition
• - =A1 > B1 → Returns TRUE/FALSE
Expressions in Excel
• • An expression combines variables,
constants, and operators.
• Example:
• - If A1 = 8, B1 = 2
• - Formula: =(A1 + B1) * 2
• - Result = 20
Summary
• • Variables → Cell references (A1, B2, …)
• • Constants → Fixed numbers (3.14, 100, …)
• • Operators → Symbols (+, -, *, /, >, <, AND,
OR …)
• • Expressions → Formulas combining
everything
• ✨ Excel makes these abstract programming
concepts easy to understand!