Plagiarism

SUBMITTED TO DR. AMJAD

Definition:
 Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's words, ideas, or work without giving them
proper credit, presenting it as your own.
 It is considered unethical and a violation of academic and professional integrity.
What is considered as Plagiarism
 Giving incorrect information about the source of information.
 Taking work from previous work without reference to that work.
 Taking quotations or passages directly without citation.
 Taking ideas without giving credit
 Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
 Types of Plagiarism

1. Direct Plagiarism
Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word plagiarism most of us know to avoid. It involves
taking someone else’s work, whether just a portion (known as verbatim plagiarism) or its
entirety (known as global plagiarism), and claiming it as your own without proper citation
and using quotation marks.
Example
Original : The Earth orbits the Sun.
Plagiarized : The Earth revolves around the Sun
2. Self-Plagiarism or auto Plagiarism
 Reusing your own previously published work without proper citation.
 Using a paper submitted for one course as part of another course's assignment without
the instructor's permission.
3. Paraphrasing Without Attribution
 Rewriting someone else's content in your words but not providing proper credit.
 Paraphrasing is permissible when appropriately cited, but when paraphrasing is done and
cited incorrectly (or not cited at all), it is considered paraphrasing plagiarism
Example:
Original : Albert Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized physics.
Plagiarized : Physics was greatly impacted by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
4. Uncited Ideas
 Presenting someone else's ideas or concepts as your own without acknowledgment.
5. Accidental Plagiarism or unintentional Plagiarism
 Accidental plagiarism is one of the most common forms of plagiarism. In fact, most types
of plagiarism can be accidental.
 It’s easy to leave out quotes accidentally, cite a source incorrectly, or paraphrase text too
close to the original without knowing it is plagiarized content.
6. Aggregated Plagiarism
 With aggregated plagiarism, the plagiarist has quoted and cited all sources correctly, but
there are little or no original ideas along with the sources.
 As a result, the paper is an aggregation of others’ ideas presented as the student’s idea.
While it’s not illegal, it will result in a low grade
7. Outline Plagiarism
 With outline plagiarism, it is clear that the writer has used the exact outline as another
essay on the same or a similar subject. In this case, the theft is not of words but of ideas.
8. Collaboration or Contributing Author Plagiarism
 Collaboration plagiarism (also known as contributing author plagiarism) occurs when
multiple individuals collaborate on a project, but only one is credited as an author.
 This could be unintentional, but regardless, it is unethical for one to take credit for
others’ work. Since this is fraud and theft of other’s ideas, it is considered plagiarism.
 Why People do Plagiarism?

1. Lack of confidence
Some people plagiarize out of a lack of confidence in their own abilities, feeling that they
can't produce work of the same quality as others.
2. Poor understanding
Inadequate knowledge of citation methods or a misunderstanding of plagiarism can cause
some people to accidentally copy others' work.
3. Time constraints
Deadlines and heavy workloads can drive people to take shortcuts, leading them to plagiarize
instead of doing original work. Students and writers may plagiarize due to time constraints,
feeling overwhelmed, or procrastination
4. Desire for recognition
The pressure to succeed and stand out can tempt some to pass off others' ideas as their own in
an attempt to impress. Academic and professional pressure to excel can lead individuals to
take shortcuts.
5. Unintentional plagiarism
In some cases, individuals may not realize they are plagiarizing due to insufficient citation or
referencing errors as their own in an attempt to impress.
6. Fear of Failure

A fear of poor grades or negative consequences may drive some to plagiarize. They may
believe that using someone else's work, which they perceive as better or more credible, will
increase their chances of success.
 Consequences of Plagiarism

1. Academic Penalties
Plagiarism can result in failing grades, suspension, or expulsion from academic institutions.
2. Legal consequences
Plagiarism can result in failing grades, suspension, or expulsion from academic institutions.
3. Reputational Damage
Being caught plagiarizing can severely damage one's reputation and future career
prospects.
 How to detect Plagiarism

There are several ways to detect plagiarism, from manual review to advanced software tools. Identifying
copied content requires careful analysis and comparison to original sources.
1. Institutional memory
There are several ways to detect plagiarism, from manual review to advanced software tools. Identifying
copied content requires careful analysis and comparison to original sources.
2. Manual Review
There are several ways to detect plagiarism, from manual review to advanced software tools. Identifying
copied content requires careful analysis and comparison to original sources.
3. Internet Search
Searching suspicious phrases or sentences on search engines can reveal if they match existing online
content
4. Citation Analysis
Searching suspicious phrases or sentences on search engines can reveal if they match existing online
 Plagiarism Detection Tool

I. Plagiarism detection tools are software applications designed to identify instances of plagiarism
in written content.

II. These tools analyze text and compare it to extensive databases of published materials,
identifying any unattributed similarities.
III. Popular plagiarism detection services include Turnitin, Copyscape, Grammerly , and Dupli
Checker.
IV. These tools can be invaluable for ensuring academic integrity and catching potential instances
of plagiarism before they are submitted.
 References

 Nasirudheen, T. P. O., & Sreelatha, K. (2021). Research Ethics and Plagiarism. Ess Ess
Publications.
 Purdue University, Online Writing Lab (OWL). "Plagiarism." Purdue OWL,
owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/preventing_plagiarism/plagiarism.html.
 University of Oxford. "Plagiarism." University of Oxford,
www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism.