CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Application Areas:
Improvement of pictorial information for human
interpretation
Processing of Image Data for Storage,
Transmission and Representation for Autonomous
Machine Perception
WHAT IS DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING?
A discipline in which both the Input and
Output of a Process are images.
Image Process Image
An image can be defined as a two-
dimensional function, f(x, y) where x and y
are spatial (plane) coordinates, and the
amplitude of f at any pair of (x, y) is called
the intensity or gray level of the image at
that point.
WHAT IS DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING?
g(x, y)
Discretization
g(i, j)
Quantization
f(i, j) Digital Image
f(i0 , j0) : Picture Element, Image Element, Pel, Pixel
WHAT IS DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING?
Image
Processin Image Analysis Vision
g
Low-Level Mid-Level High-Level
Process Process Process
• Reduce Noise • Segmentation Making Sense of
• Contrast Enhancement • Classification an Ensemble of
Recognized
• Image Sharpening
Objects
WHAT IS DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING?
Low Level Process
is characterized by the fact that both its inputs and
outputs are images.
Mid Level Process
is characterized by the fact that its inputs generally
are images but its outputs are attributes extracted
from those images (e.g., edges, contours, the
identity of individual objects).
High Level Process
gather the information from mid- level process and
learn the meaningful information and take actions
accordingly.
THE ORIGINS OF DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING
THE ORIGINS OF DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING (CONTD...)
THE ORIGINS OF DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING (CONTD...)
FIELDS THAT USE DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING
GAMMA-RAY IMAGING
X-RAY IMAGING
IMAGING IN THE ULTRAVIOLET BAND
IMAGING IN THE VISIBLE AND IR
BAND
IMAGING IN THE VISIBLE AND IR
BAND
IMAGING IN THE VISIBLE AND IR
BAND
IMAGING IN THE VISIBLE AND IR
BAND
IMAGING IN THE VISIBLE AND IR BAND
IMAGING IN THE VISIBLE AND IR
BAND
IMAGING IN THE VISIBLE AND IR
BAND
IMAGING IN THE MICROWAVE BAND
IMAGING IN THE RADIO BAND
OTHER IMAGING MODALITIES
FUNDAMENTAL STEPS IN DIP
COMPONENTS OF AN IMAGE
PROCESSING SYSTEM
REFERENCE
R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, “Digital Image
Processing”
