DENTAL
IMPLANT
COMPONENTS
IMPLANT SYSTEMS
IMPLANT DIMENSIONS AND CLASSIFICATION
COMPONENTS
Implant-abutment connection structures. (A) The external hex connection. On the
left, the real image of an implant is shown. From the top view, the meaning of 'hex' is
clarified. (B) The internal HEX connection.
• Main components are:
a) Fixture
b) Abutment
c) Superstructure
• Accessories
a)Surgical
• Hex driver
• Cover Screw
• Gingival Former
b)Prosthetic
• Implant Analogue
• Impression Post
• Hex driver
PARTS OF A DENTAL IMPLANT
Implant fixture
• Implant fixture is the component that is surgically placed
into the bone.
• Divided into following parts-
• Body
• Crest Module
• Collar
IMPLANT BODY
• May be cylindrical or tapered cylindrical.
• Smooth or threaded surface
• Solid or contain holes or vents to allow bone
grow through
• Threaded is suitable for placement.
• Threads maximize initial contact with bone
facilitate dissipation of stresses
• Functional surface depends on-
• Thread pitch- Distance between the threads
• Thread shape- ‘V’ shaped square and buttress
• Thread depth- Distance between the most outside
thread and most inside thread
• Smaller the pitch, more threads/unit length
and greater surface area
• Greater the thread, greater the surface area
Crest module
Portion of fixture that provides a connection to the
abutment or attachment.
• Offers resistance to axial occlusal loads and aims to
provide a precise fitting for abutment on the fixture
• It consists of a platform and anti-rotation features.
Implant collar
• Superior part of fixture.
• For submerged implant it is 0.5-1mm in height, for non-
submerged 3-5mm.
• Purpose-
• Improves abutment-fixture interface
• Prevents exposure of surface coatings.
IMPLANT ABUTMENTS
The supplemental component of a dental
implant that is used to support and/ or retain
any fixed or removable dental prosthesis :
GPT 9
PARTS OF AN ABUTMENT
*G/H : Gingival
height / Collar
height
*D: abutment
diameter
Prosthesis
connection segment
GINGIVAL
MARGIN
CONNECTING
HEXED / PART NON HEXED /
ENGAGING NON ENGAGING
Based on material:
Zirconia abutments
Titanium abutments
PEEK abutments
• Based on connection type
Method of fabrication
1. Definitive 2.Temporary
abutments abutments : for
Stock abutment temporary /
Straight
provisional
Angulated restorations
Multi unit
Custom made Castable abutment
abutments (customizable)
Pre- milled
abutment
blanks for CAD
CAM
• Abutments are the component of the implant system that are screwed
directly into the implant.
• Abutments eventually support the prosthesis in screw- retained
restoration , in as much as they accept the retaining screw of
prosthesis .
• For cement retained restorations, abutments may be shaped like a
conventional crown preparation .
• The walls of abutments are usually smooth , polished , and straight –
sided .
• The length range from 1-10 mm
• The choice of abutment size depends on the vertical distance between
the fixture base and opposing dentition , the existing sulcular depth ,
and the esthetic requirements in the area being restored .
• Ideal abutment length that favors acceptable retention of
superstructure is 4mm.
SUPER STRUCTURE
• This is the prosthesis that is fabricated with the support of dental
implants.
• They can be of following types:
• Fixed Prosthesis
• Crowns
• Bridges
• Removable Prosthesis
• Overdenture
• Fixed-detachable Prosthesis
• Hybrid denture
HEX
DRIVER
An implant hex driver is a specialized
dental tool designed with a hexagonal
socket at one end, precisely crafted to fit
the corresponding hexagonal features of
dental implant components. It facilitates
the secure insertion and removal of screws
and other components during dental
implant surgeries, ensuring accurate and
efficient placement of prosthetic elements.
TRANSFER COPING
Used to facilitate transfer of the intraoral location of
an implant or abutment to the relative position on a
laboratory cast; it may screw into the dental implant
or the dental abutment and is customarily subdivided
into implant or abutment types – GPT 9.
• The coping is attached to the implant fixture during implant procedures
using an impression screw. Following impression making the coping is
removed from the implant fixture and attached to the implant analogue,
Closed and open
tray copings to pour a cast.
respectively. • It is also called as Impression post, Impression pin or Transfer
coping.
• It facilitate transfer of the of intraoral location of the implant or
abutment to a similar position on the laboratory cast .
• Types of impression coping :
•
IMPLANT
ANALOGUE
A replica of the entire dental implant, not intended for human
implantation. (GPT8)
• This is similar to the implant fixture, but used in the model to fabricate the
prosthesis in laboratory. The abutment is fitted to the analogue and
prosthesis is fabricated in the laboratory.
Cover screw
• After surgical placement of implant, a screw is placed in the superior aspect
of two-piece implants to cover the connection for abutment during healing
period.
• So also termed as Healing Screw.
• During the healing phase after first stage surgery , a screw is normally
placed in superior aspect of the fixture .
• The screw is usually low in profile to facilitate the suturing of soft tissue in
two stage implant or minimize loading in the one stage implant
• A second stage surgery , the screw is removed and placed by subsequent
components .
Gingival former / healing abutment
/ healing cap
• Following the second surgery to expose the implant, the cover screws are
removed and gingival formers, which are available in varying heights, are placed
on the implant fixture.
• They extend above the soft tissue into the oral cavity and form a gingival cuff
around the implant.
• Usually placed for 2 to 5 weeks depending on the healing, following which they
are removed and impression procedures are commenced.
• They will be replaced by the abutment in final restoration so termed as Healing
Abutment or Permucosal extensions.
• They extend above the soft tissue into the oral cavity and form a gingival cuff
around the implant
EMERGENCE PROFILE
IMPLANT IMPRESSIONS
IMPLANT
IMPRESSION
S
IMPLANT ABUTMENT
LEVEL LEVEL
CLOSED
OPEN TRAY INDIRECT DIRECT
TRAY
OPEN TRAY- IMPRESSION
Transfer copings and guide pin assembly attached to implant
Syringe material injected around transfer copings
Tray filled with polyether and impression made
Excess material removed from perforations to uncover pins
Impression material allowed to polymerize
Coping-pin-implant analogue assembly inserted to impression
Impression poured
Indications
• Multiple implants
• Very closely located implants
Advantages
• Reduces the effect of implant angulation
• Reduces deformation of the impression material
• Removes the concern for replacing the coping back
in the respective space in the impression
Disadvantages
• Some rotational movement of the impression coping
might occur while securing the implant analog
• Blind fastening of analog to the coping might result
in misfit of the components.
CLOSED TRAY IMPRESSION
Transfer copings connected to implants
Impression Made
Impression removed leaving copings behind
Transfer copings attached to implant analogues
Coping-analogue assembly inserted into
impression
Impression poured
INDICATIONS
• Limited inter arch space
• Tendency to gag
• Difficult access in posterior region of the mouth
ADVANTAGES
• Easier
• Suitable for short inter arch space
• Visual fastening of the analog to the coping is
more accurate
DISADVANTAGES
• Inaccuracies due to recovery and subsequent
deformation of the impression material can
occue in non- parallel implants
• https://youtu.be/3idcpkq8f-s?si=-thFoqRVgkbhONPM
• https://youtu.be/sBTpmRGYHp8?si=O_ZwEl5W91cvjLQ4
INDIRECT ABUTMENT LEVEL
IMPRESSION
Implant
Abutme Impress Tray Impress
analogu
nt ion cap materia ion cap
e Impress
placed snappe l used picked
attache ion
at d onto to make up by
d to poured
implant abutme impress impress
abutme
site nt ion ion
nt
DIRECT ABUTMENT LEVEL
IMPRESSION
Preparatory
Final abutment
changes made Impression Impression
screwed onto
in the mouth made poured
implant
itself
