Endocrine system
By:
Sol Chandeck
Valerie Pittí
Nicole Ormrod
Keren Cruz
What parts does the endocrine system
consist of?
• The endocrine system, made up of all the
body's different hormones, regulates all
biological processes in the body from
conception through adulthood and into old
age, including the development of the brain
and nervous system, the growth and function
of the reproductive system, as well as the
metabolism and blood sugar levels. The
female ovaries, male testes, and pituitary,
thyroid, and adrenal glands are major
constituents of the endocrine system.
Parts of the endocrine
system
System
The endocrine system includes the
Parts of the endocrine
hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary
gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands,
system
thymus, adrenal glands, and pancreas. It
also includes the testicles in men, as well
as the ovaries and placenta (during
pregnancy) in women.
Glands
The endocrine system consists of several
Parts of the endocrine
glands located throughout the body. The
major glands include the hypothalamus,
system
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid
glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries
(in females), and testes (in males). Each
gland produces specific hormones that
have distinct functions.
Hormones
Hormones are the chemical substances
Parts of the endocrine
produced by the endocrine glands. They
are released into the bloodstream and
system
travel to target cells or organs in the body,
where they bind to specific receptors and
initiate various physiological responses.
Examples of hormones include insulin,
estrogen, testosterone, adrenaline, growth
hormone, and thyroid hormone.
Feedback Mechanisms
Parts of the endocrine
The endocrine system is regulated by
system
complex feedback mechanisms to maintain
hormonal balance in the body. These
feedback loops involve interactions between
the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and target
organs. Negative feedback loops help
maintain hormone levels within a certain
range, while positive feedback loops amplify
hormonal responses for specific processes.
Target Organs
Parts of the endocrine
system
Hormones released by the endocrine glands act on specific
target organs or cells in the body. Each hormone has a specific
target and exerts its effects by binding to receptors on these
target cells. For example, thyroid hormones act on the cells of
the thyroid gland, while insulin acts on cells throughout the
body to regulate blood sugar levels.
Some of the functions regulated by the endocrine
system include:
Metabolism: Growth and Reproduction: Stress Calcium Balance:
Hormones such Development: Hormones like Response: The The parathyroid
as insulin, Growth hormone, estrogen, adrenal glands glands and
glucagon, and insulin-like growth progesterone, release thyroid hormones
thyroid factors, and thyroid and hormones like are involved in
hormones play a hormones are testosterone cortisol and regulating
crucial role in involved in regulate adrenaline in calcium levels in
regulating the promoting normal sexual response to the body, crucial
metabolism of growth and development, stress, helping for bone health
carbohydrates, development, fertility, and the body cope and other
fats, and especially during reproductive with physical physiological
proteins. childhood and functions. and emotional processes.
adolescence. stressors.
Some of the functions regulated by the endocrine
system include:
Metabolism: Growth and Reproduction: Stress Calcium Balance:
Hormones such Development: Hormones like Response: The The parathyroid
as insulin, Growth hormone, estrogen, adrenal glands glands and
glucagon, and insulin-like growth progesterone, release thyroid hormones
thyroid factors, and thyroid and hormones like are involved in
hormones play a hormones are testosterone cortisol and regulating
crucial role in involved in regulate adrenaline in calcium levels in
regulating the promoting normal sexual response to the body, crucial
metabolism of growth and development, stress, helping for bone health
carbohydrates, development, fertility, and the body cope and other
fats, and especially during reproductive with physical physiological
proteins. childhood and functions. and emotional processes.
adolescence. stressors.
Some of the functions regulated by the endocrine
system include:
Metabolism: Growth and Reproduction: Stress Calcium Balance:
Hormones such Development: Hormones like Response: The The parathyroid
as insulin, Growth hormone, estrogen, adrenal glands glands and
glucagon, and insulin-like growth progesterone, release thyroid hormones
thyroid factors, and thyroid and hormones like are involved in
hormones play a hormones are testosterone cortisol and regulating
crucial role in involved in regulate adrenaline in calcium levels in
regulating the promoting normal sexual response to the body, crucial
metabolism of growth and development, stress, helping for bone health
carbohydrates, development, fertility, and the body cope and other
fats, and especially during reproductive with physical physiological
proteins. childhood and functions. and emotional processes.
adolescence. stressors.
Some of the functions regulated by the endocrine
system include:
Metabolism: Growth and Reproduction: Stress Calcium Balance:
Hormones such Development: Hormones like Response: The The parathyroid
as insulin, Growth hormone, estrogen, adrenal glands glands and
glucagon, and insulin-like growth progesterone, release thyroid hormones
thyroid factors, and thyroid and hormones like are involved in
hormones play a hormones are testosterone cortisol and regulating
crucial role in involved in regulate adrenaline in calcium levels in
regulating the promoting normal sexual response to the body, crucial
metabolism of growth and development, stress, helping for bone health
carbohydrates, development, fertility, and the body cope and other
fats, and especially during reproductive with physical physiological
proteins. childhood and functions. and emotional processes.
adolescence. stressors.
Some of the functions regulated by the endocrine
system include:
Metabolism: Growth and Reproduction: Stress Calcium Balance:
Hormones such Development: Hormones like Response: The The parathyroid
as insulin, Growth hormone, estrogen, adrenal glands glands and
glucagon, and insulin-like growth progesterone, release thyroid hormones
thyroid factors, and thyroid and hormones like are involved in
hormones play a hormones are testosterone cortisol and regulating
crucial role in involved in regulate adrenaline in calcium levels in
regulating the promoting normal sexual response to the body, crucial
metabolism of growth and development, stress, helping for bone health
carbohydrates, development, fertility, and the body cope and other
fats, and especially during reproductive with physical physiological
proteins. childhood and functions. and emotional processes.
adolescence. stressors.
the most abundant cell in your body
system
• It's important to note that the composition and relative
abundance of cells within each endocrine gland may vary
depending on the specific gland and the physiological state of
the individual. Additionally, the endocrine system encompasses
multiple glands, each with its own unique cell types, so there is
no single most abundant cell across the entire endocrine system.
one disease that attacks this system and their
medical treatment
• Addison's disease, also called adrenal insufficiency, is an uncommon illness
that occurs when the body doesn't make enough of certain hormones. In
Addison's disease, the adrenal glands make too little cortisol and, often, too
little of another hormone, aldosterone.
• Treatment usually involves corticosteroid (steroid) replacement therapy for
life. Corticosteroid medication is used to replace the hormones cortisol and
aldosterone that your body no longer produces.
one disease that attacks this system and their
medical treatment
• Addison's disease, also called adrenal insufficiency, is an uncommon illness
that occurs when the body doesn't make enough of certain hormones. In
Addison's disease, the adrenal glands make too little cortisol and, often, too
little of another hormone, aldosterone.
• Treatment usually involves corticosteroid (steroid) replacement therapy for
life. Corticosteroid medication is used to replace the hormones cortisol and
aldosterone that your body no longer produces.
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