INTRODUCTION TO THE
PHILOSOPHY OF THE
HUMAN PERSON
REVIEW
1. Why does the human
body have limitations?
2. What are the possibilities
and transcendence?
QUARTER 1: MODULE 4
THE HUMAN PERSON IN
THE ENVIRONMENT
GROUPINGS
• Group the class into four, listen and
analyze the lyrics of the song “Oyayi
sa Mundo.”
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. What do you feel when you
hear/read the lyrics of the song?
2. What do you think is the artist
intention/inspiration in writing the
song?
3. Do you agree that the world needs
healing? Why ? Why not?
THE HUMAN PERSON IN
THE ENVIRONMENT
Have you ever wondered
what happens to the things
you throw away?
Did you ever think of the
effects of those things on our
surroundings? if not,
In this lesson, you will understand more
on the bond between man and nature, as
expressed by varying viewpoints of
philosophers.
Furthermore, you will also tackle
different
philosophical concepts, such as frugality
and prudence, which will encourage
you to be responsible stewards of nature.
AS A STEWARD HAS TO SHOW
CARE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
AND NOT DESTROY IT.
Environmental
Philosophy
it is the discipline
that studies the moral
relationship of human
being with
environment and its
non- human contents.
Philosophers believe that the
human person has the ability to
change the environment to suit his
purposes.
As a human person, we interact
not only with our fellow human
beings, but also with other living
and non-living elements in our
environment.
I. THREE VIEWS OF PHILOSOPHICAL
ENVIRONMENT
• 1.
CENTRISM IS THE WAY OF
LOOKING AT THINGS, PLACING A
PARTICULAR VALUE OR GROUP AT
THE CENTRE.
it is the view or
belief that human
beings are superior
to all other
organisms.
Focus on human
Considers human
beings the most
important.
biocentrism places
greater importance on
living components of
the environment
Focus on all living
things
This view advocates
ethical treatment of
All life has inherent value
We should not cause extinction of
other species
We should protect habitats and
ecosystem
Humans are not more important
than other species
Resources are limited
We need the Earth more that it
needs us
Additional Activities:
Group the class into 3-4 members according to their
interest (dance, singing ,slogan, poster making).
Guide the students to perform or interpret the song
“Oyayi sa Mundo” on the third day of the week.
Rubrics:
Cooperation 10 points
Presentation 20 points,
Interpretation of the song 20 points
Total: 50 points
II. ENVIRONMENTAL
AESTHETICS
II. ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS
Philosophical view that believes
in maintaining order in the
environment will bring out the
natural beauty of surroundings
and contribute to the well - being
of the people and other
organisms living in it. (Endriga,
2017)
The Appreciation of natural
beauty brings about the
concern about the
environment and helps
people relate more
effectively with nature.
ANCIENT
THINKERS
“CREATION-
DESTRUCTION”
NATURE IS
INDETERMINATE-
BOUNDLESS IN THE
SENSE THAT NO
BOUNDERIES BETWEEN
THE WARM AND OR THE
MOIST AND DRY ANAXIMANDE
REGIONS ARE
HE DESCRIBED THE
UNIVERSE AS LIVING
EMBODIMENT OF NATURE’S
ORDER, HARMONY AND
BEAUTY.
HE SEES OUR RELATIONSHIP
WITH THE UNIVERSE
INVOLVING
BIOPHILIA (LOVE OF
OTHER LIVING THINGS)
AND PYTHAGORAS
COSMOPHILIA (LOVE OF
MODERN
THINKERS
“THE ORDERLINESS
OF NATURE AND THE
HARMONY OF
NATURE WITH OUR
FACULTIES GUIDE US
TOWARD A DEEPER
RELIGIOUS
PERSPECTIVE”
“ HUMAN
HAVE POWER
OVER
NATURE” HERBERT
MARCUSE
•“MAN HAVE
DUTIES AND
RESPONSIBILI
TIES IN
NATURE” GEORGE HERBERT
MEAD
III. SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
III. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• “DEVELOPMENT • IT IS ANY
THAT MEETS THE ENVIRONMENTAL,
NEEDS OF THE ECONOMIC AND
PRESENT WITHOUT SOCIAL ADVANCES
COMPROMISING CAN BE REALIZED
THE ABILITY OF WITHIN THE
FUTURE CARRYING CAPACITY
GENERATIONS TO OF EARTHS NATURAL
MEET THEIR OWN RESOURCES.
NEEDS.”
III. SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
IT IS RECONCILING HUMAN
ACTIVITIES AND ECONOMIC
ADVANCES WHILE
PROTECTING OUR
ENVIRONMENT.
PRINCIPLES OF
SUSTAINABILITY
1. ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY
Any human activities or economic
advances should not unduly disrupt
the environment and human
communities located in the area.
The environment should not be
drastically impacted by human
activities. (Abella,2016)
2. ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
to ensure that there is
minimum to zero waste in
using our natural
resources (Abella,2016)
3. EQUITY
It refers to conserving our
natural resources so that
the future generations will
still be able to use it
(Abella, 2016).
IV. THEORIES IN RADICAL
ECOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY
ARNE NAESS
-PROPONENT
OF DEEP
ECOLOGY-
1. DEEP ECOLOGY
• IT ASSUMES THAT ALL LIVING THINGS
POSSESS EQUAL VALUE AND INTRINSIC
WORTH REGARDLESS OF THEIR
USEFULNESS OR UTILITY TO OTHER
BEINGS.
• THIS IS EXPERIENCING OURSELVES AS PART
OF THE LIVING EARTH AND FINDING OUR
ROLE IN PROTECTING THE PLANET.
IT HIGHLIGHTS THE SHIFTING AWAY OF APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENT
FROM
• aa
anthropocentri
sm
2. SOCIAL
ECOLOGY
MURRAY BOOKCHIN
2. SOCIAL ECOLOGY
MURRAY BOOKCHIN BELIEVES THAT
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS CAN BE TRACED
TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS.
Societies that are structured around
hierarchies as well as economic classes
use their authority to dominate natural
resources and exploit the environment for
profit and self- interest.(Sioco
andVinzons,2016)
ACTIVITY 1.HEAL THE ENVIRONMENT
• Look at the picture
closely. Organize
the following
images in a more
aesthetic way and
environment
friendly. Share
your idea to the
class.
3. ECOFEMINISM
•This theory
benefits the
social and
political agenda
of both female
and nature.
3. ECOFEMINISM
• It is also called ecological
feminism, branch of feminism that
examines the connections between
women and nature.
•It uses the basic feminist tenets of
equality between genders.
3. ECOFEMINISM
•Ecofeminism argues that the
oppression of marginalized groups
including women, and degradation
of nature are intrinsically linked,
both stemming from patriarchal
dominance.
3. ECOFEMINISM
•Ecofeminism promotes replacing a
culture of domination with an ethic
of care, which is rooted in feminine
characteristics of nurturing and
compassion. This approach
prioritizes care for others, including
the environment.
• One example is the Chipko Andolan
movement in India, a forest conservation
movement that was led by indigenous
women who were affected the most by the
rapid deforestation in the 1970s.
• nonviolent social and ecological movement
by rural villagers, particularly women, in
India in the 1970s, aimed at protecting trees
and forests slated for government-backed
logging.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS THE GREEN
BELT MOVEMENT IN KENYA.
• Has planted over 50
million trees.
• Introduced community-
based tree planting to
Kenya’s National Council
of Woen, to reduce
poverty &conserve the
environments.
Continuation of Activity 1:
Organize the following images
in a more aesthetic way and
environment friendly. Draw
your idea and write your
explanation.
QUESTION:
HOW CAN ONE LESSEN THE WASTE
HE/SHE IS MAKING?
HOW CAN ONE BE MORE EFFICIENT
AND MORE RESPONSIBLE IN USING
NATURAL RESOURCES?
CONSERVE AND PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENT.
THINK OF 2 WAYS ON HOW YOU RECYCLE OR
REUSE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS.
SHARE YOUR IDEA TO THE CLASS.
V. PRUDENCE AND
FRUGALITY
V. PRUDENCE AND
FRUGALITY
QUESTIONS:
• HOW CAN ONE LESSEN THE WASTE HE/SHE IS
MAKING?
• HOW CAN ONE BE MORE EFFICIENT AND MORE
RESPONSIBLE IN USING NATURAL RESOURCES?
• THESE QUESTIONS CAN BE ANSWERED BY
OBSERVING PRUDENCE AND FRUGALITY
TOWARDS THE ENVIRONMENT.
IS PRUDENCE APPLICABLE TO THE
CHALLENGES THAT THE VARIOUS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM HAVE
BROUGHT?
• ASIDE FROM BEING AN INDIVIDUAL
VIRTUE, PRUDENCE IS ALSO CONSIDERED
AS AN ECOLOGICAL VIRTUE SINCE IT
IMPLIES THE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF
HUMAN FINITENESS, BOTH MORAL AND
PHYSICAL.
PRUDENCE AND FRUGALITY
• CAN HELP US IN ADDRESSING VARIOUS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND SOLVING
CHALLENGES THESE PROBLEMS HAVE CREATED.
• PRUDENCE- IT IS THE CAPACITY TO DIRECT
AND DISCIPLINES ONE’S ACTIVITIES AND
BEHAVIOR USING REASON.
• IT IS THE BEHAVIOR THAT IS CAUTIOUS
AND , AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE, KEEPS AWAY
FROM ANY RISKS.
• PRUDENCE CAN HELP US BECOME
WISER, MORE RESPONSIBLE IN
TERMS OF USING OUR NATURAL
RESOURCES AND, MOST
IMPORTANTLY, BECOME MORE
APPRECIATETIVE OF NATURES
ESSENTIAL VALUE.
FRUGALI
TY
A FRUGAL PERSON ALWAYS
INVEST TIME TO THINK
CAREFULLY JUST TO SAVE A LOT
OF MONEY AND, THEREFORE,
USES FAR LESS MONEY TO AN
AFFLUENT PERSON.
HOW CAN FRUGALITY
HELP IN SOLVING
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS?
• ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
• FRUGAL PERSON USUALLY LIVES OUT
THE IDEA OF “ REDUCE, REUSE,
RECYCLE”JUST TO MINIMIZES
OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
FRUGALITY LIKE PRUDENCE
• PLAYS A BIG ROLE IN PROTECTING OUR
ENVIRONMENT.
• IT FINDS A GREAT DEAL OF VALUE IN
LESSENING ONE’S USE OF NATURAL
RESOURCES AND
• AT THE SAME TIME, GETTING AS MUCH
VALUE AS POSSIBLE OUT OF THE
RESOURCES THAT WE ARE USING.
V. PRUDENCE AND
FRUGALITY
• ACTIVITY 1: PAGE 16..HEAL THE ENVIRONMENT...PAGE 16
• ACTIVITY 2: CONSERVE AND PRESERVE THE
ENVIRONMENT...PAGE 17
• ACTIVITY 3: DO SOMETHING FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT...PAGE 19
