COMPUTER

EVOLUTION
AND
DEVELOPMENT
A Brief History of
Computers
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
• Understand the definition and
history of computers.
• Explore the classification of
computers.
• Identify the capabilities and
limitations of computers.
• Recognize the essential elements
of computer systems.
HISTORY AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
an electronic digital device
designed to accept and store
input data, process data and
produce appropriate output
information under the
control of a stored sequence
of instructions.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF
COMPUTERS
The evolution of modern-day
computers started in China
around 500 B.C.
ABACUS
 2000-500 BC
 Babylonians or Chinese

The ABACUS was probably the

original mechanical counting
device. It dates back at least to
1100 BC and still in use today,
particularly in Asia.
ABACUS

It typically consists of a

rectangular frame with thin parallel
rods strung with beads.
First recorded use of
the symbol zero occurs
in India.
EARLY
CALCULATORS
 1614 John Napier, Napier’s Rods -
multiply, divide, square roots
 1620 Edgar Gunter of England invents
the slide rule
 1623 Wilhelm Schickard, Calculating
Clock reconstructed in 1960
 1642 Blaise Pascal invented the
Pascaline, the first “digital calulator”
NAPIER’S BONES
SCHICKARD’S
CALCULATOR
SLIDE RULE
THE PASCALINE
PASCALINE
It was invented by Blaise
Pascal a couple of centuries
later 1642.
This device used gear-driven
counting wheels to do addition.
He built this device to help his
tax-collector father.
EARLY CALCULATORS
 1694 Gottfried Leibniz builds a
calculating machine that uses binary
representation of numbers.
 1812 Ned Ludd inspires other
workers to destroy “labor-saving”
machines.
 1832 Charles Babbage Mechanical
computing machine. Too complicated
to build until 1853
BABBAGE’S “DIFFERENCE
ENGINE”
 A decade later, Lady
Augusta Lovelace
presented the idea that
punch cards could be
used to instruct
Babbage’s engine to
perform certain
repetitive instructions.
Because of this, she
was popularly known as
the first programmer.
 1854 George Boole publishes his
thoughts on symbolic logic.
 1857 Sir Charles Wheatstone
introduces continuously feeding
paper tape that can be used for
storing and reading data.
 1876 Alexander Graham Bell files a
patent for the telephone.
IBM
 In 1890, a statistician
named Dr. Herman
Hollerith invented the
punch card tabulating
machine that was
used by the US
Bureau of Census in
completing a ten year
census in three years.
IBM
 One of the most
recognizable
institution in the
field IBM was
established in 1942,
it was a merger of
several companies
that included the
Hollerith’s
tabulating machine
company.
 1897 Karl Braun develops the cathode
ray tube.
 1918 Two inventors build a calculating
machine based on the binary numbers
0 and 1.
 1938 William Hewlett and David
Packard form HP in a garage in Palo
Alto, CA. Konrad Zuseproduces the 1st
computer that uses binary code.
 From 1935 to 1938, Dr. John V.
Atanasoff, a professor at the Iowa State
University had begun to think about a
machine that could reduce the time it
took for him and his Physics students to
make long, complicated mathematical
calculations.
 1939 George Stibiz and Samuel
Williams build the Complex Number
Computer.
ATANASOFF-BERRY
COMPUTER (ABC)
 In 1942, Dr. Atanasoff and one of his
graduate students, Clifford E. Berry
came up with the Atanasoff-Berry
computer (ABC). Dr. Atanasoff is
recognized as the man which
invented the electronic digital
computer.
 Two years later, IBM sponsored the
building of the first electromechanical
computer called the Mark1.
ABC ATANASOFF-BERRY
COMPUTER
ENIAC
ENIAC
FIRST TRANSISTOR
 1947 Two
workers at Bell
Laboratories
experiment with
the first
transistor.
 Smaller, cheaper,
more reliable,
less heat
 1949 John Mauchly develops the
Shortcode, the world’s first high
level programming language.
 Mauchly and John Eckert build the
UNIVAC 1, the first commercial
electronic computer.
 1953 IBM manufacture its model
650.
 1955 Narinder Kapany develops the
optical fiber.
 1956 IBM develops the first hard
drive called RAMAC.
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
1958
Invented by Jack Kilby at Texas
Instruments
Integrates the functions of
many transistors into one
physical component
FIRST INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
 1959 COBOL was invented. Xerox
introduces the first commercial copier.
 1960 Digital Equipment Corp.
develops the PDP-1, the first
commercial computer equipped with a
keyboard and a monitor.
 1961 John Kelly programs a computer
to sing a song. “Daisy Bell”
 1962 first ATM was installed.
 1963 Douglas Engelbert develops
the mouse.
 1964 The American Standard Code
adopts ASCII as the standard code
for data transfer.
 1965 DEC builds the first
minicomputer. BASIC language was
developed.
 1968 Intel was formed.
 1969 The first home computer was
released. (Kitchen computer)
 1970 The floppy disk is introduced. Intel
develops the first memory chip which
stores 1,024 bits of data.
 1971 Texas Instruments introduces
pocket calculator. Dot matrix printer
appears. Pascal was developed.
 1972 E-mail was invented.
APPLE 1
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
combined their talents and
came up with the APPLE 1 in
1976, it was later followed by
an improved version which was
called the APPLE 2.
 1976 IBM develops the inkjet
printer.
 1977 Bill Gates and Paul Allen
officially found Microsoft.
 1978 Word Star is released and
quickly becomes the most popular
word processing program.
 1979 Visicalc was introduced.
 1980 DBASE II appears on the
market.
 1981 IBM introduces the IBM PC
with an MS-DOS operating system.
 1982 Time magazine names the PC
“Man of the Year”
 1983 PCXT was launched, first
computer with built-in hard drive.
 1984 CD-ROM debuts. HP markets
LaserJet.
 1985 Microsoft develops Windows1.0
 1986 Microsoft goes public. The
National Science Foundation
approves funding the internet
backbone.
 1988 MS releases Windows 2.03
 1989 World Wide Web was invented.
 1990 Intel introduces i486 chip.
PERSONAL DIGITAL
ASSISTANTS
 The PDA or
Personal Digital
Assistant is the
smallest personal
computer currently
available. The first
PDA, APPLE
NEWTON was
introduced in
1993.
 1994 Iomega introduces the ZIP drive
and disks.
 1995 Microsoft Windows 95 was
released.
 1996 Palm Pilot debuts.
 1997 DVD players become available in
the US.
 1998 portable MP3 was introduced.
Apple releases its candy-colored iMacs.
1999 The Linux OS hits the
big time.
2000 The Y2K hits.
COMPUTER HISTORY
2000 - TODAY
 Computers continue to work, and
the world doesn't come to an end
on January 1, 2000, as some feared
might happen because of the
year 2000 bug.
 Young Filipino students released
the ILOVEYOU e-mail virus that
began infecting computers and
spreading over the Internet starting
on May 4, 2000.
 2001
 USB 2.0 was introduced
 William Hewlett passed away on
January 12, 2001 (Age
87).
 2002
 Jan de Wit aka OnTheFly was convicted
on May 1, 2002, for the Anna
Kournikova virus.
2003
Apple opened
the iTunes store on April 28,
2003.
Android was founded
by Andy Rubin in October
2003.
2004
Mark Zuckerberg launched
Thefacebook on February 4,
2004, which later became
Facebook.
IBM sold its computing division
to Lenovo Group for $1.75 billion
on December 08, 2004.
2005
YouTube was founded and came
online on February 15, 2005.
2006
Twttr, now known as Twitter was
officially launched on July 15,
2006.
2007
Apple announced the iPhone
with iOS on January 9, 2007,
and it was later shown to the
public on January 29, 2007,
Macworld Conference & Expo.
The netbook was introduced.
2008
Apple launched the App Store,
a software market for iOS
devices.
2009
Android version 1.5 (Cupcake)
and 1.6 (Donut) were released.
2010
Apple introduced the iPad on
January 27, and Instagram was
launched in October 2010.
Mark Zuckerberg was named
TIME Person of the Year 2010.
2011
Steve Jobs passed away on
October 5, 2011 (Age: 56).
2012
The Raspberry Pi single-board
computer was released in the
United Kingdom.
 2013
 Sony officially announced the
PlayStation 4, a replacement for
the PS3 gaming console on
February 20, 2013.
 2014
 Satya Nadella took over as
Microsoft CEO on February 4, 2014.
2015
Microsoft released Windows 10
on July 29
2016
On October 11, Samsung
announced it was permanently
discontinuing the production of
the Galaxy Note 7 after several
of the early versions and
recalled versions were catching
on fire.
On May 12, 2017, the
WannaCry ransomware attack
began to attack computers
running Microsoft Windows.
The worminfected more than
230,000 computers in over 150
different countries and
demanded $300 - $1,200 in
bitcoin to unlock the computers
encrypted data.
On March 17, 2018, The New
York Times and the Guardian
revealed that the firm
Cambridge Analytica harvest
ed 50 million Facebook profil
es
and used that data to help
Donald Trump's election
team.
2018
Rise of AI-Powered
Assistants:
1.AI technologies like
Amazon Alexa, Google
Assistant, and Apple’s Siri
saw significant adoption in
homes and businesses.
2.Smart speakers reached
new sales milestones
2019
Advancements in AI:
• OpenAI unveiled GPT-2, a
powerful language model that
generated coherent text.
• AI tools were increasingly
integrated into industries like
healthcare, finance, and
education.
2020
 COVID-19 Accelerates Digital
Transformation:
• The global pandemic forced a rapid
shift to remote work, increasing
demand for video conferencing
platforms like Zoom, Microsoft
Teams, and Google Meet.
• E-commerce and online education
platforms saw unprecedented
growth.
 Continue
making history
and be part of
it!