IILM UNIVERSITY GREATER NOIDA

Course Name: Operating System

Course Code : UCS3002

Topic: Classification of Operating System

Session : 2025-26

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 About the Educator
Instructor Name : Dr Swati Vashisht

Designation : Assistant Professor

Department of ML-DS

School of Computer Science and

Engineering

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 Outline of Lecture

1. Topic Name: Classification of Operating system

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 Batch Operating System

• The users of batch operating system do not interact with the computer directly.
• Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the
computer operator. To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together
and run as a group.
• Thus, the programmers left their programs with the operator. The operator then sorts
programs into batches with similar requirements.

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 Batch operating system
The problem with batch system is following:
• Lack of interaction between the user and job.
• CPU is often idle, because the speeds of the mechanical I/O devices is slower
than CPU.
• Difficult to provide the desired priority

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 Interactive operating system

• In an interactive operating system, the user interacts directly with the operating system to
supply commands and data as the application program executes and
• the user receives the results of processing immediately. The user is in direct two way
communication with the computer
• Most operating system is this type.
• There will be a user interface in place to allow this to happen. It could be CLI or GLI.

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 Time-sharing Operating system

• Time sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to
use a particular computer system at the same time.
• Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of multiprogramming. Processor's time
which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is termed as time-sharing.
• The main difference between Multiprogrammed Batch Systems and Time-Sharing
Systems is that in case of Multiprogrammed batch systems, objective is to
maximize processor use, whereas in Time-Sharing Systems objective is to minimize
response time.

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 Time-sharing operating system
Multiple jobs are executed by the CPU by switching so frequently. Thus, the user can receive
an immediate response.

Advantages
Provide advantage of quick response.
Avoids duplication of software.
Reduces CPU idle time.

Disadvantages
Problem of reliability.
Question of security and integrity of user programs and data.
Problem of data communication.
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 Real time operating system

• Provides environment for executing programs

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 1. Default Constructor
● Mass use on electronic devices
● User interface is very small such as X-ray, CT scan etc

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 Network operating system

• Runs on a server and provides server the capability to manage data, users, groups, security,
applications, and other networking functions.
• The primary purpose of the network operating system is to allow shared file and printer
access among multiple computers in a network, typically a local area network (LAN), a
private network or to other networks.
• Examples of network operating systems are Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft
Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare, and BSD.

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 Network operating system
The advantages
Centralized servers are highly stable.
Security is server managed.
Upgrades to new technologies and hardware can be easily integrated into the system.
Remote access to servers is possible from different locations and types of systems.

The disadvantages
High cost of buying and running a server.
Dependency on a central location for most operations.
Regular maintenance and updates are required.

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 Parallel operating system
• Parallel operating systems are used to interface multiple networked computers to complete
tasks in parallel.
• The architecture of the software is often a UNIX-based platform, which allows it to
coordinate distributed loads between multiple computers in a network.
• Parallel operating systems are able to use software to manage all of the different resources
of the computers running in parallel, such as memory, caches, storage space, and
processing power.
• Parallel operating systems also allow a user to directly interface with all of the computers in
the network.

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 Parallel operating system
• A parallel operating system works by dividing sets of calculations into smaller parts
and distributing them between the machines on a network. To facilitate
communication between the processor cores and memory arrays, routing software
has to either share its memory by assigning the same address space to all of the
networked computers, or distribute its memory by assigning a different address
space to each processing core.
• Scientists, researchers, and industries often choose to use parallel operating
systems because of its cost effectiveness as well. It costs far less money to
assemble a parallel computer network than it costs to develop and build a
supercomputer for research.

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 Distributed operating system

• Distributed systems use multiple central processors to serve multiple real time
application and multiple users. Data processing jobs are distributed among the
processors accordingly to which one can perform each job most efficiently.
• The processors communicate with one another through various communication lines
(such as high-speed buses or telephone lines). These are referred as loosely coupled
systems or distributed systems. Processors in a distributed system may vary in size and
function. These processors are referred as sites, nodes, computers and so on.

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 Distributed operating system
The advantages

• With resource sharing facility, a user at one site may be able to use the resources
available at another.
• Speed up the exchange of data with one another via electronic mail.
• If one site fails in a distributed system, the remaining sites can potentially continue
operating.
• Better service to the customers.
• Reduction of the load on the host computer.
• Reduction of delays in data processing.

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 Clustered operating system
• Clustered computers share storage and are closely linked via Local-Area-Network
(LAN) or a faster interconnection.
• Clustered system combines the best features of both distributed OS and Multi
processor system.
• A group of connected computer working together called as one unit called
clustered system.

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 Handheld operating system
Handheld OS known as Mobile Operating System such as Smartphone, tablet, PDA, or other
mobile device.

It’s a combination of features of a personal computer operating system with other features
useful for mobile or handheld use; usually including, and most of the following considered
essential in modern mobile systems:
• a touchscreen,
• cellular,
• Bluetooth,
• Wi-Fi,
• GPS mobile navigation,
• camera,
• video camera,
• speech recognition,
• voice recorder,
• music player,
• near field communication,
• and infrared blaster.
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