Electrical Circuits and Machines
Course No: EEE 2111
Synchronous motor
Presented by :
Sajjad Hossain
Lecturer, EEE, KUET
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering(EEE) 1
Synchronous Motor
Synchronous motor is a type of AC motor. A rotating machine that transforms
electrical energy into mechanical energy using an AC source is known as an AC
motor. Two varieties of AC motors exist:
Synchronous motor
Asynchronous motor(induction motor)
Some important characteristics of synchronous motor:
It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it
maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary
the supply frequency (because Ns=120f/p).
It is not inherently self-starting.
It is capable of running under a wide range of power factor (both lagging
and leading).
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Synchronous Motor
Construction of Synchronous Motor
Stator
The stationary portion of a Synchronous Motors is called the stator. It is
composed of a coated iron sheet core that minimizes eddy current losses. Usually
consisting of three phases, distributed windings are fitted into holes on the stator.
These windings produce a revolving magnetic field as they are connected to an
AC power source.
Rotor
Salient Pole Rotor: This kind of rotor features outward-
extending poles that resemble prominent poles. The magnetic
field is concentrated at these poles.
These salient poles are surrounded by the rotor windings, which
are linked to one another by a metallic core.
Some industrial applications and hydroelectric generators
frequently use salient pole rotors.
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Synchronous Motor
Non-Salient Pole Rotor: Alternatively, this kind of rotor has a
smooth, cylindrical shape and no projecting poles.
The rotor's windings are distributed uniformly around its circumference.
On-salient pole rotors are robust and simple, and they are frequently
found in turbo-generators.
Salient and non-salient rotors both function by rotating inside the
magnetic field of the stator. The synchronous speed of the rotor is
determined by the frequency of the AC power source and the number
of poles in the stator winding. Synchronization is required for
synchronous motors to operate well in a range of surroundings, such as
industrial machinery and power generation.
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Synchronous Motor
Why Synchronous motor is not Self starting?
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Synchronous Motor
Why Synchronous motor is not Self starting?
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Synchronous Motor
Why Synchronous motor is not Self starting?
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Synchronous Motor
Starting method of Synchronous Motor
In this method of starting a synchronous motor, an external motor is used to
drive the synchronous motor as shown in Figure-1.
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Synchronous Motor
Starting method of Synchronous Motor
The external motor brings the synchronous motor to synchronous speed and
then the synchronous motor is synchronised with the AC supply as a
synchronous generator. Then the prime mover (i.e., the external motor) is
disconnected. Once synchronised, the synchronous machine will operate as a
motor.
Now, the mechanical load can be connected to the shaft of the synchronous
motor. Since the load is not connected to the synchronous motor before
synchronising, thus the prime mover motor has to overcome only the inertia
of the synchronous motor at no-load. Consequently, the rating of the prime
mover or starting motor is much smaller than the rating of the synchronous
motor.
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Synchronous Motor
Working Principle of Synchronous Motor
Synchronous motors are a doubly excited machine, i.e., two electrical inputs are
provided to it. Its stator winding which consists of a We provide three-phase
supply to three-phase stator winding, and DC to the rotor winding.
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Synchronous Motor
Working Principle of Synchronous Motor
The 3 phase stator winding carrying 3 phase currents produces 3 phase rotating
magnetic flux. The rotor carrying DC supply also produces a constant flux.
Considering the 50 Hz power frequency, from the above relation we can see that
the 3 phase rotating flux rotates about 3000 revolutions in 1 min or 50 revolutions
in 1 sec.At a particular instant rotor and stator poles might be of the same polarity
(N-N or S-S) causing a repulsive force on the rotor and the very next instant it will
be N-S causing attractive force.
However, due to the rotor’s inertia and the conflicting forces acting on it, it cannot
start on its own and remains stationary, highlighting why a synchronous motor is
not self-starting.
We use a mechanical method to initially spin the rotor in the magnetic field’s
direction, bringing it close to synchronous speed. Once it reaches this speed,
magnetic locking keeps the motor spinning, even without external assistance.
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Synchronous motor
Equivalent circuit of Synchronous Motor
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Synchronous motor
Equivalent circuit of Synchronous Motor
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Synchronous motor
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Synchronous motor
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Synchronous motor
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Synchronous motor
Characteristic Curves of Synchronous Motor or V-Curves
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