Introduction to Algorithms
Instructor: Bezia Precious
Contact: 652754416
What is an Algorithm?
An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions designed to solve a specific problem or
perform a task.
Importance of Algorithms
- Used in everyday problem solving.
- Essential for computer programming.
- Help break complex problems into simple steps.
- Improve efficiency and reduce errors.
Characteristics of a Good
Algorithm
- Clear and unambiguous steps.
- Finite number of steps.
- Well-defined inputs and outputs.
- Efficient in time and space.
Representing Algorithms
Algorithms can be represented in different ways:
1. Plain English
2. Flowcharts
3. Pseudocode
What is a Flowchart?
A flowchart is a diagram that shows the sequence of steps in a process using symbols and
arrows.
Basic Flowchart Symbols
- Oval: Start/End
- Rectangle: Process/Instruction
- Parallelogram: Input/Output
- Diamond: Decision
Flowchart Example: Find the
Largest of Two Numbers
Start → Input A, B → If A > B? → A is greater / B is greater → End
What is Pseudocode?
Pseudocode is a way of writing algorithms using plain language that resembles
programming syntax.
Pseudocode Example: Find the
Sum of Two Numbers
Start
Input A, B
Sum ← A + B
Output Sum
End
Benefits of Pseudocode
- Easy to write and understand.
- Helps in designing programs before coding.
- Language-independent.
Summary
- Algorithms are step-by-step instructions.
- Flowcharts and pseudocode help represent algorithms.
- They make problem-solving and coding easier and more efficient.
Revision Questions
1. Define an algorithm.
2. State three characteristics of a good algorithm.
3. List three methods of representing algorithms.
4. Draw a flowchart to find the sum of two numbers.
5. Write pseudocode to find the largest of two numbers.
