WRITING
LITERATURE REVIEW
& REFERENCING
ALYZZA MAE B. MARQUEZ-CAÑERO
Let’s unpack the word
‘literature’
The "literature" refers to the works that you are
putting in a conversation with each other to
explain your research topic. (Creswell, 2014)
Literature from the lens of technical writing means…
AND NOT
SCHOLARLY ARTICLES LITERARY WORKS
SCHOLARLY WORKS
• Scholarly journals (a.k.a. "peer-
reviewed" & "academic”)
• Professional journals
• Academic books & e-books
• Research reports
• Conference proceedings
• Doctoral dissertations
(Hantugas 2013 and Semso 2015)
Literature vs. Study
• Literature refers to texts, books, pieces
of writing; written works about a certain
topic.
• Studies refer to research, analysis and/or
experimentation regarding a subject, and
may refer to written work that regards
such studies.
Foreign vs. Local
• Foreign Literature consists of foreign or
from another country news, information
websites, and articles that gives great
relevance to your Research or Study.
• Foreign Studies are researches, studies,
thesis, surveys or any other methods of
research conducted from other
countries.
Foreign vs. Local
• Local literature is a means of
information that that came from your
own country.
• Local Studies are researches, studies,
thesis, and surveys conducted in your
own country.
WHAT IS A LITERATURE
REVIEW?
It is a systematic examination of the
scholarly literature about one’s topic. It
critically analyzes, evaluates, and
synthesizes research findings, theories,
and practices by scholars and researchers
that are related to an area of focus.
Efron & Ravid 2019: p.2
LITERATURE REVIEW IS
NOT
A literature review is not an
annotated bibliography where you
summarize and describe individual
sources on your topic.
Efron & Ravid 2019: p.2
LITERATURE REVIEW IS
NOT
A literature review is not a
presentation of your own ideas,
arguments, and assumptions.
Efron & Ravid 2019: p.2
LITERATURE REVIEW IS
NOT
A literature review is not a position
paper.
Efron & Ravid 2019: p.2
LITERATURE REVIEW IS
NOT
A literature review should not simply
mirror the current literature in the
field (Boote & Beile, 2005).
LITERATURE REVIEW DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
There are six major steps (CLAS-WE) in developing and
conducting a literature review:
(a) choosing a literature review topic,
(b) locating literature review sources,
(c) analyzing and evaluating the literature review sources,
(d) synthesizing the literature,
(e) writing the literature review, and
OTHER KEYPOINTS TO CONSIDER
1. “QUOTE…”
2. PARAPHRASE
3. SUMMARIZE
HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM IN
WRITING RRL
Please note:
1. When you need to leave out part of a quotation to
make it fit grammatically or because it contains
irrelevant/unnecessary information, insert ellipses like
this . . . to indicate the truncation.
2. If you must add or slightly change words within a
quotation for reasons of grammar or clarity, indicate
the change with square brackets.
Exception: It is acceptable to change double quotation
marks to single ones when you have a quotation
within a quotation; it is also fine to change the first
word of a quotation to upper case when needed
What to remember when writing RRL?
Review of Related Literature and Studies heading
This chapter includes the ideas,
finished thesis, generalization or
Introduction
conclusions, methodologies and other.
of the
Those that were included in this chapter
chapter
helps in familiarizing information that are
relevant and similar to the present study.
What to remember when writing RRL?
Thematic Order of
presentation
( Depending on your
VARIABLES)
B. REFERENCING
APA STYLEGUIDE 7TH EDITION
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Example:
Feedback can be understood in layman’s term as “information provided
by teachers” to improve the students’ works (Boud & Molloy, 2013). It is
believed that every writing teacher plays three roles in giving feedback—
that of being an expert in the language, of writing teacher per se, and of
a good reader (Muicheartaigh, 2000).
REFERENCES
Example:
Ashing‐Giwa, K. T., Padilla, G., Tejero, J., Kraemer, J., Wright, K.,
Coscarelli, A., Clayton, S., Williams, I., & Hills, D. (2004). Understanding
the breast cancer experience of women: A qualitative study of African
American, Asian American, Latina and Caucasian cancer
survivors. Psycho‐Oncology, 13(6), 408-428.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.750
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Example:
Feedback can be understood in layman’s term as “information provided
by teachers” to improve the students’ works (Boud & Molloy, 2013). It is
believed that every writing teacher plays three roles in giving feedback—
that of being an expert in the language, of writing teacher per se, and of
a good reader (Muicheartaigh, 2000).
REFERENCES
Example:
Ashing‐Giwa, K. T., Padilla, G., Tejero, J., Kraemer, J., Wright, K.,
Coscarelli, A., Clayton, S., Williams, I., & Hills, D. (2004). Understanding
the breast cancer experience of women: A qualitative study of African
American, Asian American, Latina and Caucasian cancer
survivors. Psycho‐Oncology, 13(6), 408-428.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.750
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
When you reference another source
use an in-text citation in the body
of your paper.
Basic Format:
(Author's Last Name(s) or Organization, Year).
(Mina, 2020)
(Abregado & Mina, 2020)
(Mina et al., 2020)
(Department or Education, 2013)
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
For DIRECT QUOTES
If you're quoting the exact words of someone else,
introduce the quote with an in-text citation in
parentheses. Any sentence punctuation goes after
the closing parenthesis.
• According to Brown (2019), "Direct quote" (p.
1021).
• Brown (2019) found that "Direct quote" (p. 1021).
• [Some other introduction] "Direct quote" (Brown,
2019, p. 1021).
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
For DIRECT QUOTES
If you're directly quoting more than 40 words, use
a blockquote. Block quotes don't need quotation marks.
Instead, indent the text 1/2" as a visual cue that you are citing.
The in-text citation in parentheses goes after the punctuation
of the quote.
Shavers (2007) study found the following:
While research studies have established that socioeconomic status
influences disease incidence, severity and access to healthcare,
there has been relatively less study of the specific manner in which
low SES influences receipt of quality care and consequent morbidity
and mortality among patients with similar disease characteristics,
particularly among those who have gained access to the healthcare
system. (p. 1021)
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
For SUMMARIES AND PARAPHRASES
Paraphrasing or summarizing the main findings or takeaways
from a research article is the preferred method of citing
sources in an APA paper. Always include the last name of the
author(s) and the year of the article, so your reader can find
the full citation in the reference list.
According to Shavers (2007), limitations of studying
socioeconomic status in research on health disparities include
difficulties in collecting data on socioeconomic status and the
complications of classifying women, children, and
employment status.
Re REFERENCES
Include the complete citation at the end of your paper in
a references section. References are organized by the author's
last name in alphabetic (A-Z) order. Use an hanging indent to
separate each list item.
Basic Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of the
work. Source where you can retrieve the work. URL or DOI
if available
Re REFERENCES
JOURNAL FORMAT
Author(s). (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal. Volume. (Issue). Page range.
DOI
Re REFERENCES
NEWS/MAGAZINE FORMAT
Author(s).(Year, Month Date). Title of the article. Title of the Newsletter or
Publication. URL
Re REFERENCES
BOOK FORMAT
Authors(s). (Year). Title of the book (Edition). Publisher.
Re REFERENCES
BOOK CHAPTER WITH EDITORS FORMAT
Author(s). (Year). Title of the chapter. In Editor(s). Title of the book (pp.xx-xx).
Publisher
Re REFERENCES
WEBPAGE FORMAT
Author(s). (Year, Month Date). Title of page or section. Source. URL.
Re REFERENCES
THESIS OR DISSERTATION FORMAT
Author.(Year, Month Date). Title of the dissertation or thesis [Name of the School or
University]. Source. URL.
Re LIST OF SEARCH ENGINES WHERE
YOU CAN FIND RRL AND STUDIES
Visit:
1. Google Scholar
2. Google Books https://www.rasmussen.ed
3. Microsoft Academic u/student-experience/colleg
4. Academia e-life/15-educational-search
5. Research Gate -engines/
6. WorldWideScience
7. Science.gov
8. Wolfram Alpha
9. Refseek
10. Educational Resources Information Center
11. Virtual Learning Resources Center
12. iSeek
13. BASE
14. Infotopia
15. Pubmed Centra
HIRAYA
MANAWARI!
Task:
1. Please search related literature and studies
-5 Foreign literature
-5 Local Literature
-5 Foreign Studies
-5 Local Studies
2. Submit your Chapter 2 together with the References
