DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ADITYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada)
(AUTONOMOUS)
K.KOTTURU, TEKKALI- 532201
PRINTING TECHNOLOGY
G. Pravallika (17A51A0476)
N. Pavan Kalyan (17A51A0495)
N. L. K. Prakash (17A51A0496)
P. Harish Kumar (17A51A0498)
P. Kavya (17A51A04A3)
V. Deeksha (17A51A04B5)
V. Sravya (17A1A04B6)
CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION TO 3D PRINTING
3D TECHNOLOGIES
PARTS OF 3D PRINTER
TYPES OF FILAMENTS
TYPES OF SOFTWARE
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION TO 3D PRINTING
Printer is a type of computer peripheral device which is of two categories: 2D printers that accepts text and
graphic output from the computer and prints text, graphics, and photos onto a flat surface - most often
paper.
3D printing or Additive Manufacturing takes digital input in the form of Computer Aided Design (CAD)
model and creates solid, three dimensional parts through an additive, layer by layer process.
3D TECHNOLOGIES
FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING (FDM) or FUSED FILAMENT
FABRICATION(FFF)
FDM/FFF uses production grade thermal plastic materials to
print its 3D objects.
It’s popular for producing functional prototypes, concept models,
and manufacturing aids.
Before the FDM printing process begins, the user has to slice the
3D CAD data (the 3D model) into multiple layers using special
software.
The sliced CAD data goes to the printer which then builds the
object layer at a time on the build platform.
It does this simply by heating and then extruding the
thermoplastic
filament through the nozzle and onto the base.
STEREO LITHOGRAPHY (SLA)
SLA is a fast prototyping process. This
technology is concerned about accuracy and precision.
It can produce objects from 3D CAD data
(computer- generated) files in just a few hours.
They do this by converting liquid photopolymers (a special
type of plastic) into solid 3D objects, one layer at a time. The
plastic is first heated to turn it into a semi-liquid form, and then it
hardens on contact with laser beam.
The printer constructs each of these layers using an ultra
violet laser.
SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS)
SLS is a 3D printing technique that uses high power CO2 lasers
to fuse particles together.
The build platform, or bed, lowers incrementally with each
successive laser scan. It’s a process that repeats one layer at a time
until it reaches the object’s height.
There is un-sintered support from other powders during the
build process that surround and protect the model. This means the
3D objects don’t need other support structures during the build.
SLS is quite similar to SLA technology with regards to speed
and quality.
LAMINATED OBJECT MANUFACTURING (LOM)
LOM is a rapid prototyping system that works by fusing or
laminating layers of plastic or paper using both heat and pressure.
A computer-controlled blade or laser cuts the object to the
desired shape. Once each printed layer is complete, the platform
moves down by about 1/16th of an inch, ready for the next layer.
The printer then pulls a new sheet of material across the
substrate where it’s adhered by a heated roller. This basic process
continues over and over until the 3D part is complete.
PARTS OF 3D PRINTER
The following are the key components of a 3D printer:
Hot end: The hot end is that tube that heats up the plastic filament and
deposits it on the print bed.
Nozzle: This is the part where the filament comes out. It takes in the molten
filament (typically as a bead of 1.75mm/3mm) and tapers down to the nozzle
size (typically around 0.4mm).
Extruder: The filament extruder on a FDM printer is the part that
extrudes the plastic filament in a liquid form and deposits it on a printing
platform by adding successive layers.
Cooling Fan: The cooling fan is a part which is used for the cooling print
area.
Heated Bed: It is the work area where the work of printing is done.
Control panel: It is the one of the important part to display the work part
and to control printer mainly.
TYPES OF FILAMENTS
DESIGN SOFTWARES
TINKERCAD:
This is a browser-based 3D design app geared towards beginners. The software features an intuitive block-
building concept, allowing you to develop models from a set of basic shapes. Tinker cad is full of tutorials and
guides to aid any aspiring novices get the designs they’re looking for. It even allows you to share and export files
with ease.
With a library of literally millions of files, users can find shapes that suit them best and manipulate them as they
wish. It also has a direct integration with 3rd party printing services, allowing you to print and have your print at
your door-step at the press of a button. Even though it can be a bit too simple to the point of limitation, it serves
as a great way to learn about 3D modeling.
FUSION 360:
This is a unique addition to the list of 3d printing software tools. Fusion 360 is a cloud-based 3D CAD
program that utilizes the power of the cloud to bring design teams together and collaborate on complex projects.
Another advantage of the cloud platform is that Fusion stores the entire history of the model including the changes to
it. Numerous design options are available, including freeform, solid, and mesh modelling. 30
Fusion 360 operates on a monthly payment subscription basis. The developers also regularly update the
features, making it better as new instalments come along. It runs on multiple platforms and allows users to access
their information wherever they want.
123D Design:
Autodesk 123D Design is a freeware CAD designer software download filed under 3d design and made
available by Autodesk for Windows. The review for Autodesk 123D Design has not been completed yet, but it was
tested by an editor here on a PC and a list of features has been compiled; see below. Autodesk 123D Design was
created as a user-friendly and powerful 3D modelling application. With Autodesk 123D Design you can quickly
create precise and makeable objects using smart tools that allow you to start with simple shapes.
SLICING SOFTWARES
Ultimaker Cura:
Despite its name, Cura can be used with almost any 3D printer because it is an open-source slicer. The
program is ideal for beginners because it is intuitive and fast. Most of all, it’s easy to use. More advanced users can
access a further 200 settings to refine their prints.
Ideamaker:
This free slicer is distributed by Raise3D and provides fast, simple slicing for most 3D printers. Team
members can share print profiles and supports can be automatically or manually placed. The adaptive layer height
tool allows the software to adjust layer height depending on the level of detail in the model, maximizing print
quality while minimizing print time. Remote monitoring and control are also available.
3D Printer:
This nifty cloud 3D printer management software comes at a cost. The essential idea is the management
of the entire 3D printing process with one platform. Users can edit and repair designs, slice STL files from the
cloud, and even send files for printing from anywhere in the world. The software also features the capability to
share CAD files.
APPLICATIONS
• Prosthetic innovations in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Medical uses for 3D printing, both actual and potential, can be organized into several broad
categories, including: tissue and organ fabrication, creation of customized prosthetics, implants, and anatomical
models.
• Usage of 3D Printers in Food industry : A 3D food printer comprises a food-grade syringe or cartridge
that holds material, a real food item, and deposits exact fractional layers through a food-grade nozzle directly
onto a plate or other surface in a layer-by-layer additive manner.
• 3D Printing in Defense and Aerospace : The aerospace and defense industry can capitalize on the ability
of 3D printing to produce freeform, optimized objects. This means that the weight of a part can be
significantly reduced using additive manufacturing, saving material costs and production time. Leveraging
advanced design tools, design engineers can reduce the number of components in an assembly to just one,
and thus greatly simplify the assembly process.
• 3D Printing in Retail & Fashion industry : 3D design and knitting allows a better connection between
designer, brands and customers. This new way manufacturing and body scan data enables accurate
customization. Also, the capability of manufacturing more complex, technical clothes will result on better
products for the customer.
ADVANTAGES OF 3D PRINTER
Faster production
Better quality
Easily accessible
Creative design and customization freedom
Unlimited shapes and geometry
Less waste production
Risk reduction
DISADVANTAGES OF 3D PRINTER
Limited materials
Restricted build size
Post processing
Large volumes
Reduction in manufacturing jobs
Copy right issues
CONCLUSION
It is generally accepted that 3D printing will be a revolutionary force in manufacturing, whether
positive or negative. Despite concerns over counterfeiting, many companies are already using the technology to
repeatably produce intricate components, for example in automotive and aerospace manufacturing.
As 3D printers become more affordable, they will inevitably be used for local, small scale
manufacturing, largely eliminating supply chains for many types of product. Consumer units for home use will
even become feasible, allowing end users to simply download a design for the product they require and print it
out.
There will be major challenges for the conventional manufacturing industry to adapt to these changes.
The opportunities for technology and engineering are clearly huge, however, and the creative possibilities in
product design and printing material formulation are nearly endless.
