Drugs 1
Drugs
Drugs 2
What you will learn about
in this topic:
[Link] drugs are
[Link] people take them
[Link]
[Link] effects of taking drugs in sport
[Link] substances
Drugs 3
Learning objectives
By the end of this presentation you
should be able to:
• Understand the effects of different
drugs used illegally in sport
• Describe why sportspeople take
drugs
• Explain what doping is
Drugs 4
Why sports performers take drugs:
Desire to be the
To recover from
best at all costs; Making the most of
injury more quickly
winning brings a short sporting life
or to mask pain
financial rewards
Better results lead
to better sponsors Willing to risk
Influenced by
and endorsement cheating for public
others
contracts acclaim
The will to win Desire to meet
Natural ability isn’t
overrides moral expectations of
good enough
conscience others
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Drugs
A drug is any chemical substance
you take that affects the way your
body works.
Most drugs are
developed for
medical
purposes, but…
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…doping means
taking drugs to
improve sporting
performance.
It is a growing problem in sport.
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Performance-enhancing drugs
Anabolic agents are the most
commonly used drugs in sport. They
mimic testosterone, a male
hormone.
Examples of this drug include:
testosterone, nandrolone,
stanozolol, boldenone and
clenbuterol.
[Link]
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Effects can include:
• Increases muscle mass
• Develops bone growth
• Increases strength, allowing the
athlete to train harder
• Has a quick effect so there is rapid
improvement
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• Increases aggression, so seen as
good for competitive contact
sports
• Prevents muscle wastage
• Are an aid to rehabilitation.
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Side-effects can include:
• Kidney problems
• Mood swings
• Anxiety
• Aggression
•[Link]
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• High blood pressure
• Heart attacks
• Strokes
• Impotence in men
• Infertility, deepened voice,
increased facial hair and irregular
periods in women.
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There is also an increased risk of
muscle injury and liver disease
when anabolic agents are injected
into the blood stream.
Recent research by the NIDA
(National Institute for Drug Abuse)
indicates long-term users show
signs of addiction.
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Winning at all costs: is it worth it?
Dwain
Chambers
suffered a
two-year ban
for taking
anabolic
steroids.
[Link]
ch?v=LxidHmRnUc4&feature
=related
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Stimulants are the second most
commonly used drugs in sports.
Examples of
these drugs
include:
amphetamines,
ephedrine,
cocaine and
caffeine.
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Effects can include:
• Reduces feelings of tiredness so a
person can train for longer.
• Stimulates the central nervous
system (CNS) making people more
alert.
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Side-effects can include:
User becomes irritable and is unable
to sleep.
• High blood pressure
• Irregular and faster heartbeat.
Some stimulants, such as
amphetamines, are addictive.
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Narcotic analgesics
are addictive drugs and
are usually injected
into the blood stream.
Examples of these
drugs include: heroin,
methadone, pethidine,
morphine and codeine.
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Effects can include:
• Reduces the sensation of the
central nervous system (CNS) so
helps pain relief.
• Masks pain so athlete is back from
injury sooner.
Side-effects can include:
• Loss of concentration.
• Loss of balance.
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Side-effects can include:
• Loss of concentration.
• Loss of balance.
• Loss of coordination making sport
dangerous.
Using these drugs can make an
injury worse. They are also highly
addictive.
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Diuretics are drugs which increase
the rate of water loss from the body.
Examples of these drugs include:
furosemide, triamterene and
chlortalidone. Mannitol is prohibited
in sport if intravenously injected.
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Effects can include:
• Speeds up work of kidneys by
producing more urine. This
reduces fluid retention, which
causes rapid weight loss.
• Diuretics are used in sports where
there are weight categories.
Sportspeople use diuretics to
‘make the weight’.
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Side-effects can include:
• Dehydration and possibly
dizziness.
• Muscle cramps.
• Headaches, nausea and fatigue.
• Kidney illness can develop.
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Peptide hormones, mimetics
and analogues are synthetic
substances that copy natural
hormones in the body.
Examples of these drugs include:
Human Growth Hormone (HGH) and
erythropoietin (EPO).
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HGH acts like an anabolic steroid. It
develops muscle, makes the body
use fat and helps reduce tiredness.
An athlete who has taken HGH
recovers from injury more quickly,
as it increases red blood cells. HGH
also speeds up training, helping the
endurance athlete.
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EPO promotes the production of red
blood cells and therefore increases the
amount of oxygen the blood can
transport at any one time. More
oxygen is provided to the muscles
which allows the athlete to work
longer and harder.
EPO thickens the blood, inhibiting
circulation, which can lead to a heart
attack or stroke.
Spanish cyclist Eladio Jimenez (34) has been
banned for two years for doping with the
blood-boosting hormone EPO.
The International Cycling Union says the
suspension was imposed by Spain’s national
federation, which also fined him.
$11,000. Jimenez failed a doping test after
winning Stage 6 of the Tour of Portugal for the
CC Loule team in August 2009.
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Beta-blockers are used as a
relaxant.
Examples of this drug include
atenolol and nodolol.
Some beta-blockers are available on
prescription to treat angina and
have a similar effect to alcohol.
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Their use is subject to certain
restrictions in some sports and
banned completely in others.
Effects can include:
• Users maintain a slow heart rate
and low blood pressure which is
useful in tense situations.
• Their calming effect also helps in
high-risk sports where speed is
involved.
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• They steady the hand, which is
important to competitors in target
sports.
However, they can reduce the heart
rate so much that there is a danger
that the heart may stop.
• Kim Jong Su, a silver and bronze medalist in
beijing 2008 olympics. Kim jong competed in
shooting for North Korea. Kim used
propranolol, a drug that has been known to
quell tremors. Obviously, this would offer
quite an advantage in shooting. Kim has been
stripped of his medals.
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Masking agents are taken to hide
the presence of another drug, which
would otherwise disqualify the
performer.
Examples of this drug include
epitestosterone, probenecid and
diuretics.
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Some masking agents do not appear
on the list of banned substances for
particular sports, so their presence
is legal.
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Task 1 (5 marks)
If an athlete tests positive for a
banned drug, they can face a ban
from their sport for at least two
years.
Research into 5 current athletes
who have been connected to drugs.
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Task 2
1. Briefly describe the effects a
sportsperson would experience
in their performance if they
used stimulants? (10 marks)
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What you have learnt
in this topic:
1. What drugs are
2. Why people take them
3. Doping
4. The effects of taking drugs in sport
5. Banned substances
Drugs 36
Learning objectives
You should now be able to:
• Understand the effects of different
drugs used illegally in sport
• Describe why sportspeople take
drugs
• Explain what doping is
