LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
1. CONCEPT OF LOGARITHM (COMMON LOGARITHM
AND NATURAL LOGARITHM)
2. EVALUATION OF LOGARITHM
3. LOGARITHM TO EXPONENTIAL AND VICE-VERSA
4. LAWS OF LOGARITHM (OPERATION ON
LOGARITHM)
LOG, WHUT?!
The climb starts slow,
but as you rise,
The grind gets tougher,
no surprise.
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
Concepts of LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
A logarithm is essentially
the inverse of an exponent
or exponential equation.
Essential Did you know how
Equation: exponents work?
Concepts of LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
Exponential
Equation:
𝟑
means
𝟐 =𝟖 that 2, multiplied
by itself 3 times, gives you
8.:
Logarithm
A logarithm asks the reverse
question:
"To what power must I raise 2 to
get 8?"
Concepts of LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
Logarithm: log 𝟐 ( 𝟖 ) =𝟑
A logarithm asks the reverse question:
"To what power must I raise 2 to get
8?"
Read as: log base 2 of 8 is 3
The logarithm of 8 to the base
2 is 3.
Concepts of LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
Logarithm:
log 𝒃 ( 𝒙 )= 𝒚
Base Consta Expone
nt nt
Note: Logarithm means
exponent
Concepts of LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
Common logs
𝑺𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒎𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒘𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏
𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒏𝒐 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆. 𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏𝒔
that the 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 is 𝟏𝟎.
Natural logs
Natural logarithm is denoted as ln and
is commonly used in mathematical
analysis.
LET’S DO THE MATH
Evaluate each of the given logarithmic
expression,
and write the equivalent exponential
A.
equation. C.
B. D.
LET’S DO THE MATH
Evaluate each of the given logarithmic
expression,
and write the equivalent exponential
equation.
E. G.
F. H.
LET’S DO THE MATH
Evaluate each of the given logarithmic
expression,
and write the equivalent exponential
E.
equation.
G.
F.
H.
FA #1 Evaluate each of the given
logarithmic expression, and write
the equivalent exponential
A.
equation.
D.
B.
E.
C.
Common log and Natural log
Concepts of LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
Common logs
𝑺𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒎𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒘𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏
𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒏𝒐 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆. 𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏𝒔
that the 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 is 𝟏𝟎.
Natural logs
Natural logarithm is denoted as ln and
is commonly used in mathematical
analysis.
Natural
The natural logarithm, denoted as ln(𝑥), is a
logarithm with base 𝑒, where 𝑒 is an
log
irrational constant approximately equal to
2.71828. The natural logarithm is widely
used in mathematics, particularly in calculus,
exponential growth/decay, and many natural
processes.
Natural log
Base e: The number e (Euler’s
constant) is fundamental in many
areas of math; growth rates and
compound interest.
ln ( 𝒙 )=log 𝒆 ( 𝒙 )
Natural log Properti
es: 𝒙
n (𝟏)=𝟎 ln 𝒂 = 𝒙 ln 𝒂
ln (𝒆)=𝟏
ln ( 𝒂𝒃)= ln 𝒂+ ln 𝒃
𝒂
ln ( )=ln 𝒂 − ln 𝒃
𝒃
Natural log
Example
: Evaluate the
following:
A. B.
C. D.
Laws (properties) of LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
Properties of
logarithm:
Product law
Quotient law
Power law
Logarithm of 1
Logarithm of the base
Change of base
Change of base Properties of
formula logarithm:
number 𝑥 with base 𝑎, denoted as ,
If you have a logarithm of a
you can rewrite it as a ratio of two
logarithms with a new base.
log 𝒃 ( 𝒙 )
log 𝒂 ( 𝒙 )=
log 𝒃 ( 𝒂)
Change of base
Example
: Evaluate the
following:
A. B.
C. D.
Change of base
Example
: Evaluate the
following:
A. B.
C. D.
Properties of
logarithm:
Product law
Adding the logarithms of
numbers means multiplying the
given numbers.
log 𝒃 𝒙 + log 𝒃 𝒚 =log 𝒃 ( 𝒙 ∙ 𝒚 )
Product law
Example
: Evaluate the
following:
A.
B.
C.
Properties of
logarithm:
Quotient law
Subtracting the logarithms of
numbers means DIVIDING the
given numbers.
𝒙
log 𝒃 𝒙 − log 𝒃 𝒚 =log 𝒃 ( )
𝒚
Quotient law
Example
: Evaluate the
following:
A.
B.
C.
Properties of
logarithm:
Power law
The logarithm of a power means
exponent (power) times the
logarithm of the base.
𝒏
log 𝒃 𝒙 = 𝒏 log 𝒃 𝒙
Power law
Example
: Evaluate the
following:
A.
B.
C.
Properties of
logarithm:
Logarithm of 1
The logarithm of 1 in any
base is always zero.
log 𝒃 𝟏 =𝟎
Log of 1
Example
: Evaluate the
following:
A.
B.
C.
Properties of
logarithm:
Logarithm of the
base
The logarithm of the base
itself is always 1.
log 𝒃 𝒃= 𝟏
Power law
Example
: Evaluate the
following:
A. B.
C.
Laws (properties) of
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
Let’s
combine
some
Properties
Practice Evaluate each of the given log expressio
A.
B.
C.
D.
Practice Evaluate each of the given log expressio
A.
B.
C.
D.
FA #2 Evaluate each of the given log
expression
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Logarithmic equation
To compute (evaluate) logarithmic
equation, use the property
log 𝒃 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐 𝒈 𝒃 𝒚
Then, X = Y
Logarithmic Equation
Example
: Solve each the following
equations.
A.
B.
C.
Logarithmic Equation
Example
: Solve each the following
equations.
A.
B.
C.
FA #3 Solve each the following
equations.
A.
B.
C.
C.
C.
