INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
INSTRUCTOR INTRODUCTION
Name: Sajjad Ali Rajper
Qualification:
MS Software Engineering from Muhammad Ali Jinnah University
BS Software Engineering from Sukkur IBA University
Certifications:
Certified Scrum Master
Experience:
Lecturer @ Iqra University
Lecturer @ Ziauddin University
Lecturer @ ILMA University
Visiting Faculty Member @ Sindh Madarsatul Islam University
Visiting Faculty Member @ Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari
Project Coordinator @ Cinqtech
Project Corrdinator @ AssignUS
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RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Computer: Information Technology in
Perspective by Larry Long and Nancy Long,
Latest edition.
Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton,
McGraw-Hill, Latest edition
An Invitation to Computer Science,
Schneider and Gersting, Brooks/Cole
Thomson Learning, Latest edition.
Computer Science: An overview of
Computer Science, Sherer, Latest edition.
Lecture 01
Introduction
A WORLD OF COMPUTERS
Computers are everywhere
COMPUTER
An electronic device, operating under the
control of instruction, stored in its own
memory, that can access data (input),
process the data according to specified rules,
produce information and store in the
information for future use.
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a machine that receives data as
Input, process that data according to a
prescribed sequence of instructions and
produces output.
Collects Produces
Processin
data informatio
g n (output)
(input)
Information Processing Cycle
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
COMPUTER VS HUMAN
Input - Five senses
Central Processing Unit (CPU) - brain
Output - Body Parts
Memory - Human memory
Hardware
Physical components
Software
Programs for operations and problem
solving
COMPUTER
Modern computers are digital
Two digits combine to make data
Older computers were analog
A range of values made data
Computer categories in Several ways:
One person use or group of peoples use
By power (Speed at which they operate and
the types of tasks)
Within single category, subcategorized in:
By price, Types of Hardware they
contain and kinds of software they can
run, and so on.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMPUTER
Automatic: Once instructed, operate without
human intervention
Speed: Can perform 1012 basic arithmetic/ logical
operations per second.
Accuracy: If instructed accurately it never produce
inaccurate results, however, if errors occurs they are
result of thinking of programmer or incorrect input
often called Garbage-In-Garbage-Out (GIGO)
Diligence: No matter how much boring the task is
for humans, if computer programmed accurately, it
never gets bore or lose concentration during the
execution of a task.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMPUTER
Versatility: A general purpose computer perform
versatile task.
Memory: Computer can remember data and
information for years and make them readily
available whenever required.
No. IQ: Most important if ever your program go
wrong, it is NEVER the fault of computer as it has no
IQ. It cannot do anything at its own.
No Feelings: It has no feelings. It can only
remember without like or dislike. Although the work
in AI is progressing to make intelligent machines but
goal is still far.
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE
Computers can
be shared by
multiple users
but can be used
by only one
person at a time.
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE
Six primary types of Personal
Computers (PCs)
Desktop computers
Workstations
Notebook/Laptop computers
Tablet Computers
Handheld computers
Smart Phones
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE
Although PCs are used by individuals,
they also can be connected together to
create networks.
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
The most common type of computer
Sits on the desk or floor
Performs a variety of tasks
You see all around you in schools, home
and offices
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
Different design types
Desktop Model
Tower model
WORKSTATIONS
Specialized single-user computers
Optimized for science or graphics
More powerful than a desktop
NOTEBOOK/LAPTOP COMPUTERS
Small portable computers
Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
About 8 ½ by 11 inches or 14 to 16 inches
TABLET COMPUTERS
Newest
development in
portable computers
Input is through
a stylus or digital
pen
Run specialized
versions of office
products
Some models have a
fold-out keyboard
Some models can be
connected to a
keyboard and a full-
size monitor
HANDHELD PCS
Palm computer
Very small computers
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
Note taking or contact management
Data can synchronize with a desktop
SMART PHONES
Smart phones
Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
Web surfing, e-mail access, special
software (i.e. personal organizers), or
special hardware (i.e. digital camera/Music
players) everything
COMPUTERS FOR ORGANIZATIONS
Some computers handle needs of
many users at the same time.
These powerful systems are used
by organizations such as
businesses or schools
Commonly found at the heart of
the organization network
Network servers
Mainframe computers
Minicomputers
Supercomputers
NETWORK SERVERS
Network servers
Centralized computer
All other computers connect
NETWORK SERVERS
Provides access to network resources
Multiple servers are called server farms
Often simply a powerful desktop: Google
Flexibility to different kinds of tasks
Users use the Internet as a means of
connecting even if away from the offices.
MAINFRAMES
Used in large organizations
Handle thousands of users
Users access through a terminal
Large and powerful systems
MINICOMPUTERS
Called midrange computers
Power between mainframe
and desktop
Handle hundreds of users
Used in smaller
organizations
Users access through a
terminal
SUPERCOMPUTERS
The most powerful computers made
Handle large and complex calculations
Process trillions of operations per second
Found in research organizations
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
More impact than any other invention
“Computers have changed our world” or
“Computers have changed the way we do”
Changed work and leisure activities
Used by all demographic groups
Computers are important because:
Provide information to users
Information is critical to our society
Managing information is difficult
IMPACT OF COMPUTERS
Like the Impact of automobile
BENEFITS OF USING COMPUTERS
As varied as users
For disabled person
For a sales professional
For a researcher
COMPUTERS AT HOME
Many homes have
multiple computers
Most Pakistani
homes have
Internet
Computers are
used for
Communication (e-
mail)
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
Computers are used for
Business
Entertainment
Schoolwork
Finances
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION
Computer literacy required at all levels
More and more schools are adding computer
technology to their curricula
Educators see computer technology as an
essential learning requirement for all students,
starting as early as preschool
COMPUTERS IN SMALL BUSINESS
Makes businesses more profitable
Allows owners to manage and grow
their companies
COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY
Computers in industry
Computers are
used to design
products
Assembly
lines are
automated
COMPUTERS IN GOVERNMENT
Necessary to track data for population
Police officers
Tax calculation and collection
Governments were the first computer
users
COMPUTERS IN HEALTH CARE
Revolutionized health care
New treatments possible
Scheduling of patients has improved
Delivery of medicine is safer
POTENTIAL COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS
Information Management
Personal Productivity
Communication
Science, Research, and Engineering
Education and Reference
Entertainment & Edutainment
Energy
Business and E-commerce
Money
Agriculture
Training
Health and Medicine
Robotics
SINGLE BOARD COMPUTERS
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MICRO CONTROLLERS
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ALL ABOUT TYPES OF COMPUTER
Type Components Physical Cost Usage
Size and
Capacity
Microcomputer All components in Smallest Cheapest At homes, in schools
a single unit and offices
Minicomputer Several functional Small Cheap In universities, medium-
units sized companies,
departments of large
companies
Mainframe Several separate Large Expensive In large organizations,
computer units universities,
government
Supercomputer Several separate Largest Most In scientific research,
units expensive weather forecasting,
space exploration,
military defense
