System Administration and Maintenance
Level 4 (IT)
Prepared By:
Eng. Rasha A. Al-Arasi
*************************
Lecture 1: -Virtualization
-Nano server
History Of Virtualization
1960.
International Business Machines
(IBM)
IBM 7044
Introduction
What is Virtualization?
Virtualization is a large umbrella of technologies and
concepts that are meant to provide an abstract environment
( virtual hardware or operating system) to run applications.
Is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of
something, such as a server, desktop, a storage device, an
operating system or network resources".
The idea is to separate the hardware from the software to
yield better system efficiency.
The architecture of a computer system
The main function of the software layer for virtualization is to
virtualize the physical hardware of a host machine into virtual
resources to be used by the VMs, exclusively
Data Center Physical Infrastructure
Data Center Virtual Infrastructure
Virtualization increases Hardware Utilizations
Key properties of Virtual machine
Run multiple Operating systems on physical
machine.
Divided system resources between visualization
machines.
Motivation
Availability.
Power.
Increased performance and computing capacity.
Underutilized hardware and software resources.
Rise of administrative costs.
Lack of space.
Stability.
Learning.
Certification.
Testing.
Virtualized Environment
In a virtualized environment there are three major
components:
Guest : represents the system component that interacts
with the virtualization layer rather than with the host.
Host : represents the original environment where the guest
is supposed to be managed.
virtualization layer : responsible for recreating the same
or a different environment where the guest will operate.
Virtualization Reference Model
Hypervisor
A hypervisor, also called a virtual machine manager, is a program that
allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host.
Each operating system appears to have the host's processor, memory,
and other resources all to itself. However, the hypervisor is actually
controlling the host processor and resources, allocating what is needed
to each operating system in turn and making sure that the guest
operating systems (called virtual machines) cannot disrupt each other.
It is implemented as a layer between real hardware and traditional OS.
Manages the HW resources of a computing system
(acts as a traditional OS).
VMM Design Requirements and Providers
VMM Requirements:
VMM should provide an environment for programs which
is essentially identical to the original machine.
Programs run in this environment should show, at worst,
only minor decreases in speed.
VMM should be in complete control of the system
resources. ( any program run under a VMM should exhibit
a function identical to that which it runs on the original
machine directly.
VMM Resources Control
The VMM is responsible for allocating hardware resources for
programs
it is not possible for a program to access any resource not
explicitly allocated to it
It is possible under certain circumstances for a VMM to regain
control of resources already allocated.
Types Hypervisor
Type 1 hypervisor or the bare metal hypervisor
sits on the bare metal computer hardware like the CPU, memory, etc.
All the guest OS are a layer above the hypervisor. So the hypervisor is the first
layer over the hardware.
Examples are Microsoft Hyper-V, Esxi.
Type 2 or the hosted hypervisor
Do not run over the bare metal hardware but they run over a host operating
system.
The hypervisor is the second layer over the hardware. The guest OS run a layer
over the hypervisor and so they form the third layer.
Examples are FreeBSD, Microsoft Hyper-V.
Types Hypervisor
Major VMM and Hypervisor Providers
What is Hyper-V?
• Hyper-V is the hardware virtualization role in Windows
Server.
• The hypervisor controls access to hardware.
• Hardware drivers are installed in the host operating
system.
• Many guest operating systems are supported:
– Windows Server 2008 SP2 or newer
– Windows Vista SP2 or newer
– Linux
– FreeBSD
• Hyper-V is covered in detail in the next Lecture.
What’s new since Windows Server 2012 was released?
• New features and improvements introduced in
Windows Server 2016 and last:
• Nano Server • PowerShell Direct
• Containers • Shielded virtual
• Docker support machines
• Rolling upgrades for • Windows Defender
Hyper-V and storage • Storage Spaces Direct
clusters • Storage Replica
• Hot add/remove virtual • Remote Desktop
memory & network Services
adapters • Microsoft Passport
• Nested virtualization • Azure AD Join support
• Privileged Access
Management
Nano server
• Nano Server is a new installation option for Windows Server
2016 and last ,that is similar to Windows Server in Server
Core mode.
• Setup is significantly faster, and after installation, the
operating system requires far fewer updates.
• Nano Server is administered remotely and optimized for
hosting in private clouds and datacenters, and for running
applications that are developed by using cloud application
patterns.
• Many roles are supported by Nano Server, several important
roles and features are not supported, including AD DS, AD CS,
and DHCP.
Overview of installing Nano Server I
• Nano Server is not available for selection
through the Windows Server 2016 setup wizard.
• Setup files for the Nano Server in \NanoServer
folder on installation media.
• Can deploy as:
– A VHD on a Hyper-V host
– A VHD bootable drive on a physical computer
– A .wim file on a physical computer
• Create images using Windows Power Shell
Create images
• Import the NanoServerImageGenerator
module by using the following Windows
PowerShell Import-Module cmdlet:
• Create the VHD or WIM by using the New-
NanoServerImage cmdlet with the following
syntax:
Managing and configuring Nano Server
Use scenarios
Nano Server is ideal for use in the following
scenarios:
– Compute host for Hyper-V virtual machines, either
in clusters or not.
– Storage host for a scale-out file server, either in
clusters or not.
– DNS server
– Web server running IIS
– Host for apps that are developed by using cloud
application patterns and run in a container or
virtual machine
Managing servers remotely
• Use the following options to remotely manage a
computer that is running Windows Server 2016:
– Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT)
• Server Manager
• Management consoles for each role/feature
– Windows PowerShell remoting and PowerShell Direct
– Remote shell
– Remote Desktop
– Group Policy (not supported on Nano Server)
• Firewall exceptions required for remote management.
Lab 1
• Prerequisites and requirements for installing
Hyper-V.
• Managing servers remotely.
– Installing and configuring Hyper-V .
– Install Nano server.
Assignment 1
• Server roles available in Nano Server.
• New features and improvements introduced in
Windows Server 2016 and last.
