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Chapter 1
Information Technology,
The Internet, and You
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
Competencies (Page 1 of 2)
• Explain the five parts of an information system:
people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.
• Distinguish between system software and
application software.
• Discuss the three kinds of system software
programs.
• Distinguish between basic and specialized
application software.
• Identify the four types of computers and the four
type of microcomputers.
1-3
Page 2
Competencies (Page 2 of 2)
• Describe the different types of computer
hardware including the system unit, input, output,
storage, and communication devices.
• Define data and describe document, worksheet,
database, and presentation files.
• Explain computer connectivity, the wireless
revolution, and the Internet.
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Page 2
Introduction
• Computer competency refers to acquiring computer-
related skills
• Microcomputers are common tools in all areas of life
• New forms of learning have developed
• New ways to communicate, to find people with
similar interests, and to buy goods are available.
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Page 3
Five Parts of an Information
System
1. People 4. Hardware
2. Procedures 5. Data
3. Software
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Page 4
People
• Most important part of any system
• Contact is …
– Direct
– Indirect
• Computer uses
– Business & Entertainment
– Education & Medicine
– Electronic government affair
（电子政务）
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Page 6
Software
• AKA Programs
• Two major kinds of software
– System Software
– Application Software
1-8
Page 7
Hardware - Types of Computers
• Supercomputers
• Mainframe computers
• Minicomputers (also
known as mid-range
computers)
• Microcomputers
1-11
Page
Supercomputer
08 年 IBM 研制出世界最快计算机“走鹃” , 拥有 130
536 个计算核心 , 每秒钟可进行 1000 万亿次浮点运 .
它一天的计算量相当于地球上 60 亿人每周 7 天、每天 24
小时不吃不喝用计算器算 46 年。下一代：红杉，拥有每秒钟
20 千万亿次的浮点运算能力（ 2011 年）。
中国 : 天河一号为我国首台千万亿次超
级计算机。 2009 年 10 月 29
日发布 .
1-12
Microcomputer Types
• Desktop
• Notebook or laptop
• Tablet PC
• Handheld
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Page
Microcomputer Hardware
• Four basic categories of equipment:
– System Unit
– Input/Output
– Secondary Storage
– Communication
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Page
System Unit
• Two important components
– Microprocessor
– Memory
Return 1-19
Page
Input/Output Devices
• Common input devices are the keyboard and the
mouse
• Common output devices are printers and monitors
Return
1-20
Page
Secondary Storage
• Unlike memory, secondary storage
holds data and programs even if
electrical power is not available
• The most important types of secondary
media are floppy, hard, and optical
disks
Return 1-21
Page
Communications
• Communication Devices provide microcomputers
with the ability to communicate with other computer
systems across the globe
• The modem is the most widely used communication
device
• Modems modify telephone communications into a
form that can be processed by a computer
• Modems also modify computer output into a form
that can be transmitted across standard telephone
lines
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Page
Data
• Raw, unprocessed facts
• Processed data becomes information
• Stored electronically in files
– Document files
– Worksheet files
– Database files
– Presentation files
1-23
Page
Connectivity, the Wireless
Revolution, and the Internet
• Connectivity
– Sharing of
information
– Wireless
communication is
becoming popular
• Computer networks
– Connected
communication
system of computers
– Largest network is the
Internet
1-28
Page
Careers In IT
• For a complete listing of
careers, visit
[Link]
keyword: careers
1-29
Page
A Look to the Future
• The Internet & Web
• Powerful Software
• Powerful Hardware
• Security & Privacy
• Organizations
• Changing Times
1-30
Page
Discussion Questions (Page 1 of 2)
• Explain the five parts of an information system. What
part do people play in this system?
• What is system software? What kinds of programs are
included in system software?
• Define and compare basic and specialized application
software. Describe some different types of basic
applications. Describe some types of specialized
applications.
1-31
Page
Discussion Questions (Page 2 of 2)
• Describe the different types of computers. What is
the most common type? What are the types of
microcomputers?
• What is connectivity? How are the wireless
revolution and connectivity related? What is a
computer network? What is the Internet? What is the
Web?
1-32
Page
Key Terms (1 of 5)
• application software • connectivity
• basic application • Data
• Chassis 底盘 • database file
• communication device • desktop computer
• compact disc (CD) • device driver
• computer competency • digital versatile( 通用 )
• computer network disk (DVD)
• Computing Essentials • digital video disc
CD (DVD)
• document file
1-33
Key Terms (2 of 5)
• end user • information
• floppy disk technology (IT)
• general-purpose • input device
application • Internet
• handheld computer • keyboard
• hard disk • laptop computer
• hardware • mainframe computer
• information • memory
• information system • microcomputer
1-34
Key Terms (3 of 5)
• microprocessor (12) • optical disk 光盘 ( 14)
• midrange computer (11) • output device (12)
• minicomputer (11) • palm computer (11)
• modem (14) • people (4)
• monitor (12) • personal digital
• mouse (12) assistant (PDA) (11)
• network (16) • presentation file (15)
• notebook computer (11)
• primary storage (12)
• operating system (9)
• printer (12)
1-35
Key Terms (4 of 5)
• procedures (4) • special-purpose
• program (4) application (10)
• supercomputer (11)
• random access
• system cabinet (12)
memory (RAM) (12)
• system software (9)
• secondary storage
• system unit (12)
device (14)
• tablet PC (11)
• service program (9)
• temporary 临时的
• software (4) storage (12)
• specialized application • utility (9)
(10)
1-36
Key Terms (5 of 5)
• video display screen
(12)
• Web (16)
• wireless revolution (16)
• worksheet file (15)
• World Wide Web
(WWW) (16)
1-37
