Prefabricated building element
Group member ID
Abubeker Nesru TCR/0206/01
Arsema Alemayhu TCR/0421/01
Bethelehem Mengistu TCR/0624/01
Bezawit Mersha TCR/0653/01
Dagmawi s/silassie TCR/0810/01
Content
Introduction
Characteristic of precast concrete
Advantage and disadvantage of prefabricated
building element
The major pre-fabricated building elements
produced in P.B.P.P.E
Material used in precast building
-Fine and coarse aggregates
-Admixture
Mix proportions
Strength of concrete products
Workability of concrete
Preparation of prefabricated building element
Erection
Prefabricated building in Ethiopia
Introduction
Prefabrication is the practice of
assembling components of a structure in
a factory or other manufacturing site, and
transporting complete assemblies or sub-
assemblies to the construction site where
the structure is to be located.
The term is used to distinguish this
process from the more conventional
construction practice of transporting the
basic material to the construction site
where all assembly is carried out.
Precast concrete products have the following characteristics
It has a steady flow of
demands.
Standardization is a must.
It undergoes integration of
different stages of production.
There is high degree of
organization of work.
Use of machinery to replace
manual labour.
Advantage of prefabrication
Self-supporting ready-made components are
used, so the need for formwork, shuttering
and scaffolding is greatly reduced.
Construction time is reduced and buildings
are completed sooner, allowing an earlier
return of the capital invested.
On-site construction and congestion is
minimized.
Quality control can be easier in a factory
assembly line setting than a construction
site setting.
Prefabrication can be located where skilled
labor is more readily available and costs of
labor, power, materials, space and
overheads are lower.
Disadvantage of prefabrication
Careful handling of prefabricated components
such as concrete panels or steel and glass panels
is required.
Attention has to be paid to the strength and
corrosion-resistance of the joining of
prefabricated sections to avoid failure of the
joint.
Similarly, leaks can form at joints in
prefabricated components.
Transportation costs may be higher for
voluminous prefabricated sections than for the
materials of which they are made, which can
often be packed more efficiently.
Large prefabricated sections require heavy-duty
cranes and precision measurement and handling
to place in position.
Larger groups of buildings from the same type of
Prefabricated building element in Ethiopia
The use of precast technology in
Ethiopia is started for nonstructural
elements such as pipes, lintels,
claddings and sunray breaker for
windows. Precast concrete poles used
for electric power transmission
probably are the first precast
structural elements.
The use of concrete as a construction
material in Ethiopia was probably got
wide spread over the country after
Italian’s invasion.
Con….
The only prefabricate building element factories
is PREFABRICATED BULIDING PARTS
PRODUCTION ENTERPRIZE (P.B.P.P.E)
established in 1986 with the initial capital of Birr
11,000,000.
The enterprise was established by an agreement
made between Ethiopia and the Yugoslav
Government to alleviate housing problems and
decrease deforestation that is the cut of
eucalyptus trees used for construction purposes.
The enterprise is located on the main road to
Assab, 20 kms from the center of Addis Ababa.
The major pre-fabricated building elements
produced in P.B.P.P.E
Slab(with/ with out ceiling)
Column(1-3storeys)
Cantilever(with/without ceiling)
Shear wall(normal/with opening)
Edge girder(different size)
Stair case
Landing
Footings
Material used in precast building
Fine and coarse aggregates
Fine and coarse aggregates are appropriately
selected, depending on the type of the
products, method of manufacture.
Maximum size of coarse aggregates is not
more than 40mm and shall not exceed 2/5th of
minimum dimension of the finished product or
4/5th of minimum clearance between
reinforcing bars.
Con..
Admixtures
Admixtures shall be used in concrete
products only after appropriately
considering the special methods
used for mix proportion, compaction,
accelerated curing, as well as the
effect on the quality of the products
and improvement of the production
efficiency.
• Mix proportions
Mix proportions for concrete products are
determined after appropriately considering
the method of molding and curing to satisfy
the required quality and performance.
Strength of concrete products
The strength of concrete in precast concrete
products shall, in principle, be specified on the
basis of the compressive strength by taking
required strength at each stage of construction
into account.
Workability of concrete
Workability of concrete is decided by taking
the shape and size of the product into
account, as well as the method of
production.
Preparation of prefabricated building element
Laboratory test
Preparation :-Molds will be clean and
lubricated
Assembly of reinforcement
The reinforcement is firmly assembled to
prevent dislocation and excessive
deformation in manufacturing process.
Con…
In cases when spacers are used, the material
of the spacers and the method of use are
selected taking into consideration the
durability and appearance of the product.
Formwork
Batching of ingredients
Con…
Mixing
Transportationof the mix
horizontal transportation Vertical
transportation
Con….
Concreting
Primary Storage
Curing - Steam Curing
- Manual Curing will only take 8 hours
and of curing and will be
curing will take 28 operational in 3 days’
days of watering to time.
be operational.
Con..
Demolding and Cleaning - is plainly
removing the mould and cleaning the
fabricated structures. Cleaning might not
just be washing with water it might also will
be sand papered to give is a rough texture
compatible for plastering and painting.
Final Storage - Lastly after all the processes
have been completed the elements will be
placed where the customer will collect from;
they should store in a place where it is easy
to transport them.
Erection
Erection of the elements is an
aftermath of the production stage high
precision and accuracy is required.
Erection process is one of the major
reasons why pre-fabricated building
elements aren’t widely applied in our
society.
Same of Prefabricated building in Ethiopia
UN Economic Commission for African
Head office complex in 1994
The Patriarch Palace Building Project in 1996
The end
Thank you
