TAMILNADU
POLICE ACADEMY
CHENNAI-127
What is a Computer?
•A Computer is a machine that under a programs
direction, performs four basic operations: input,
processing, output and storage.
•A program is a set of instructions
Compute means Calculate
FUNCTION
It performs both Arithmetic and Logic
functions.
Arithmetic
15 + 5 = 20
Logic
1500 > 1250
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
Speed
Accuracy
Reliability
Storage
Reducing Human intervention
APPLICATIONS
Scientific Research
Business
Industrial
Metrology
Space Technology
Communication
Public Utilities
Medical
Education
COMPUTER
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
Information and
Mechanical, Electrical
Instructions
& Electronic items.
in the form of Programs
Hardware
Hardware is the Computer’s physical
components
Input devices
Processor
Output Devices
Storage Devices
Communication Devices
INPUT DEVICES: Enables users to enter data into the
computer for processing
Keyboard Mouse
Microphone
Digital Camera
PROCESSING UNITS: Components located in the system’s case
that transform data into information
MOTHERBOARD RAM
PROCESSOR
OUTPUT DEVICES: Components that show the result of
processing
MONITOR SPEAKER
PRINTER
NON IMPACT PRINTER IMPACT PRINTER
EX: INKJET PRINTER EX: DOT MATRIX PRINTER
Storage: Holding programs and data for future use
Internal Storage Device
Hard disk is used to store very large amount of
data. It is covered with hard material and fixed
inside the computer. The hard disk drives are
known as C: , D: , E: , F:
Storage: Holding programs and data for future use
External Storage Devices
Floppy Disk Compact Disk / CD Digital Versatile Disk / DVD
Capacity: 1.44 MB Capacity: 640 MB Capacity: 4700 MB to
to 800 MB 17000MB
Thumb Drives
Available with different capacities
Disk Drives
Floppy Disk Drive (FDD):
Attached in the System and connected with
motherboard. Floppy disk is mounted on the
FDD. The Floppy disk is generally assigned
as A:
Compact Disk Drive :
Attached in the System and connected with
motherboard. Used for working with CD.
Communication Device - MODEM
Modulator/Demodulator (MODE)
A device to turn digital signals to analog
ones and back again , so they can be
transmitted and translated back to digital at
another modem without loss. Used for
communication through means of audio,
telephone etc.
Types:- Internal, External
INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT
INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT
PORTS
• Serial Port (COM Port)
• Parallel Port (LPT)
• Ps/2 Port
• USB
• iLink
SERIAL PORT ,PARALLEL PORT - Serial (9 pins) and
parallel (25 pins) ports, the oldest connection type for
external hardware
PARALLEL PORT
SERIAL PORT
PS/2 Port
PS/2 is the standard
connection for your
keyboard and mouse.
The mouse connection
is green, and the
keyboard connection is
purple.
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
USB has become the easiest and most common
technique for connecting hardware to your computer.
With this type of connection, you simply plug the
hardware into your computer.
Data
Any information given into a computer.
Raw facts that cannot be used to take a
decision. It contains letters, digits and
symbols.
How data is organised ?
Data is organized in bytes.
1 Byte consists of 8 bits.
Bits are binary digits.
A bit can hold the value 0 or 1.
More & More of Bytes
Name Abbr. Size
1 Kilobyte KB 210 = 1,024 Bytes
1 Megabyte MB 220 = 1,048,576 Bytes
1 Gigabyte GB 230 = 1,073,741,824 Bytes
1 Terabyte TB 240 = 1,099,511,627,776 Bytes
1 Petabyte PB 250 = 1,125,899,906,842,624 Bytes
1 Exabyte EB 260 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 Bytes
1 Zettabyte ZB 270 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 Bytes
1 Yottabyte YB 280 = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 Bytes
Software
Hardware of a computer cannot work in an
organized manner without instructions.
These instructions are provided by the
software.
Computer software, consists of programs
that enable a computer to perform specific
tasks
SOFTWARE
Loaded into
Hard disk through
CD
APPLICATION
OPERATING SYSTEM PROGRAMMING
SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE SOFTWARE
Ex: CAARUS, CIPA,
Ex: Windows Xp, Unix Ex: Java, C, C++
MS - OFFICE
OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE
It interfaces with hardware to run the
necessary services for user and applications
Ex: DOS, Windows Xp, Windows Vista,
Unix, Linux
PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE
It usually provides tools to assist a
programmer in writing computer program
Ex: JAVA, C, C++
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
It allows end users to accomplish one or
more specific tasks. It is used to automate
all sorts of functions
Ex: MS Office, CAARUS, CIPA
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER
CPU
MEMORY
INPUT OUTPUT
CONTROL
ALU
POST- Power On Self Test
1. Power check
2. Memory check
3. Input/Output Devices check
4. Booting Process - Loading
Operating System Commands
into the memory from the
disk
THANK
YOU
END
MOTHER BOARD
A multilayered Printed
Circuit Board
Provides power,
communication path to
components.
Provide a variety of
built in features.
RAM (Random Access Memory) : Also known as working
area of the computer or main memory
The computer can manipulate only data that is in main
memory. Therefore, every program you execute and every
file you access must be copied from a storage device into
main memory.
RAM
PROCESSOR (CPU): The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
interprets computer program instructions and processes
data. It is also known as the brain of the computer.
PROCESSOR
Figuring out the size of a real file folder is easy: Just look
at the thickness of the papers stuffed in and around it.
But computer files are invisible, so their size is measured
in bytes (which is pronounced like what Dracula does).
A byte is pretty much like a character or letter in a word.
The word sodium-free contains 11 bytes. (The hyphen
counts as a byte.) Computer nerds picked up the metric
system much more quickly than the rest of us, so bytes
are measured in kilos (1,000), megas (1,000,000), and
gigas (way huge).
WWW- World Wide Web
SMS – Short Message Service
Email – Electronic Mail
RAM – Random Access Memory
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
LED – Light Emitting Diode
SMPS – Switch Mode Power Supply
USB – Universal Serial Bus
UPS – Uninterrupted
CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
BIOS - Basic Input Output System
POST - Power On Self Test
Win + D - To close all the opened files and folders
Win + E - To open Windows Explorer ( My computer)
F1 - Help
PS/2 – Green, Purple
Recycle Bin
Cursor -
My computer
AB CDEF etc.
