What is seerah

• The biography of a person is called Seerah.

• The word ‘Seerah’ comes from a verb that means ‘to travel’. The biography of a
person is called Seerah because when we read it, we are essentially traveling the
person’s journey.
• So, when we study the life and times of the Prophet (SAW) , it is as if we are
following in his footsteps; it is as if we are traveling in his journey.
• Even though the Arabs used to use this word for the biography of any person, after
the Prophet (SAW) , Muslim scholars have used this word exclusively for the best
human being. Therefore, no scholars now say Seerah except that they mean
biography of the life and times of the Prophet (SAW) .
 • He debated with his people in a calm manner using reasoning and
logic
Lessons from the early • Whenever we are troubled or feel trapped, we must follow Abrahams
years of Ibrahim(AS) example and turn to God first and foremost. The help may come from
an outside source but we can be sure that God has arranged our
affairs in the best way.

In these early years of Prophet Abraham’s life, we can learn at least

two important lessons:
• The first is that submitting to the will of God can quickly and easily
change lives.
• The second is that one who seeks knowledge must understand that
knowledge could come from what we consider the most unlikely of
places.

He asked questions to his father and to his people. They were not able
to give him the answers he needed. Allah guided him to the worship of
God alone. This shows us that we need to ask the pressing questions
on our minds, especially when things don’t seem right. InshaAllah, God
will guide us to the answers but we need to seek them.
 His Parents

His father's name was Abdullah. He died before Prophet

Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was born.

His mother's name was Aminah. She also died when

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)
was six years old.
His Nursing Mother
His nursing mother's name was Halimah. Halimah fed and looked after Prophet
Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) when he was a baby.
His Grandfather
His grandfather's name was Abdul-Muttalib.

Abdul-Muttalib looked after Prophet Muhammad (peace

and blessings be upon him) when his mother and father
were not with him anymore.
His Uncle
His uncle's name was Abu-Talib.

Abu-Talib looked after Prophet Muhammad

(peace and blessings be upon him) when his
grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib, died.
His Wife
His first wife's name was Khadijah (may Allah be pleased with her).

When Prophet Muhammad (peace and He was 25 years old and she was 40
blessings be upon him) became a years old when they married. They
young man, he married Khadijah (may loved each other very much and were
Allah be pleased with her). happy together.
His Sons
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) had three sons.

3
Their names were:

Al-Qasim

Abdullah

Ibrahim
His Daughters

4
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) had four daughters.

Their names were:

Zainab

Ruqayah

Um-Kulthoom

Fatimah
His Birth
Prophet Muhammad (peace and
blessings be upon him) was born in
Mecca, Saudi Arabia, around 570
years after the birth of Prophet
Isa/Jesus (peace be upon him).

He was born on Monday the 12th of

Rabee Al-Awwal in the year of the
Elephant.

What happened in the year

of the Elephant?
What happened in the year
of the Elephant?
A long time ago, before Islam, people had no calendars. This meant that Arabs
did not have a numbered system to keep track of time, so instead they would
give each Year a name based on a special event that happened during that time.

In the Year of the Elephant an angry ruler named Abraha, who was the king of
Yemen at that time, came to Mecca and wanted to destroy the Ka'bah. Abraha
prepared a large army to destroy the Ka'bah, at the front of that army he had a
big elephant.
 Why Did Abraha Want to
Destroy the Ka'Bah?
Abraha was very jealous that many people went to Mecca to
visit the Ka'bah as he wanted people to come and visit his city
instead. So he decided to build a big church, hoping that many
people would come to his church and stop going to Mecca.

Abraha built an impressive church but no one went to visit it;

they continued to visit the Ka'bah. So Abraha decided to
destroy the Ka'bah, preparing his army with the big elephant at
the front.
A Miracle!
A miracle happened!

The big elephant stopped and did not want to

destroy the Ka'bah. Allah saved the Ka'bah from
Abraha.

The year that this big event happened was called

the Year of the Elephant, it was the same year
our beloved Prophet Muhammad (peace and
blessings be upon him) was born.
His Childhood
The family of Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be
upon him) belong to a tribe called Quraysh.

Prophet Muhammad's (peace and blessings be upon him)

mother's name was Aminah, and his father's name was
Abdullah. Before he was born, his father went on a business
trip.
On his way back to Mecca, Abdullah fell very sick. He decided to
stay in Medina until he got better so that he could continue his
trip to Mecca.
Sadly Abdullah died in Medina a few months before the birth of
the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).'
 Prophet Muhammad’s (peace and
blessings be upon him) Grandfather
Named Him

After his mother Aminah gave birth

to him, his grandfather Abdul-
Muttalib was very happy and
named him Muhammad. The name
Muhammad means 'the praised and
the respected one'.
In the Desert with Halimah
It was common for Arabs to send their newborn children to the desert so they
could spend their early childhood with a family from the Bedouin.

Raising children in the desert at that time was good as they were away from the
busy city of Mecca, where people came to visit the Ka'bah from other areas of the
world. Being in the desert gave them good health, made them resilient and helped
them learn the pure Arabic language.

Halimah came to Mecca to take Prophet Muhammad

(peace and blessings be upon him) when he was a baby
to raise him in the desert with her own son. Halimah was
his nursing mother and took good care of him by feeding
him. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon
him) brought a lot of blessings to Halimah's family.
Back to His Mother

He stayed with her until he was

How long did Prophet
four years old, then he
. Muhammad (peace and
returned to live with his mother
blessings be upon him)
Aminah
stay with his nursing
mother, Halimah?

When he was six years old his

mother took him to visit
Medina, his grandfather Abdul-
Muttalib went with them on
that journey.
 The Death of His Mother
and Grandfather
On their way back to Mecca, something sad happened that no one expected.
'His mother, Aminah, fell very ill and died before they reached Mecca. After
Aminah's death, his grandfather Abdul-Muttalib looked after him. Unfortunately,
after two years, when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was eight
years old, his grandfather Abdul-Muttalib also died. The Prophet (peace and
blessings be upon him) was very sad to lose him.'
Eight Miraculous Signs of the Birth of
the Prophet (saw)

1. A light that shone like never

before
Before his birth, the Prophet’s (saw)
mother, Aaminah, was conscious of a
light within her when she was pregnant
with him, which one day shone from her
so intensely that she could see the
castles and palaces of Syria. (Ibn Ishaq)
2. The Persian Fire was extinguished
Pre-Islam, the Persians worshipped fire
and kept a fire burning continuously for a
thousand years. Imam Baihaqi narrated
from Hani’ I-Makhzumi that as soon as the
Prophet (saw) was born, this fire went out.
This was a sign of the truthful call of the
Prophet (saw) to his followers, to worship
Allah (swt) alone.
3. The Throne Arch of Chosroes
shuddered
The throne arch is referred to as the
Aywan and indicates the political shift
caused by the Prophet’s (saw) birth. The
Arch (Aywan) of the Palace of Kisra
(Chosroes), the ancient emperor of
Persia, trembled when the Prophet (saw)
was born. [Baihaqi]
4. Fourteen royal balconies collapsed
The Palace of Kisra, mentioned in Baihaqi’s
narration, had fourteen balconies which all
collapsed when the Prophet (saw) was born. This
was a sign that Persian rule would only last for
fourteen more Persian kings. The fourteenth
(and last) Persian king ruled from the time of the
Prophet (saw)’s birth, until the Muslims
completely destroyed the whole of Persian
Empire under Umar Bin Khattab (ra) and Uthman
Bin Affan (ra). [Baihaqi]
5. Lake Sa’wah ran dry
The lake of Sa’wah is located in
Qum and Hamadan in modern
day Iraq. It was known as a city
of evil doers but on the night of
the birth of the Prophet (saw),
the lake, which was vast enough
for ships to sail through, dried
up entirely. [Baihaqi]. This was a
seen as a sign of Allah’s (saw)
power and a reminder to the
people of Sa’wah to follow the
path of righteousness.
6. Idols fell flat
The birth of the Prophet (saw) signalled the end of idol worshipping in the
lands of Arabia. When the Prophet (saw) was born, a total of 360 idols fell in
and around the Holy Ka’bah. One of those idols was called Hubal, which
resembled a human figure and was believed to control acts of divination.
Several people witnessed the falling of the idols, including Abdul-Mutallib, the
grandfather of the Prophet (saw). The idols remained on the floor for a full
twenty-four hours and any effort to pick them up and erect them throughout
the world was unsuccessful.
Abdul Mutallib (ra) took his grandchild to the Ka’bah and named him
Muhammad (saw), three days after the idols fell. As soon as the child was
taken to the Ka’bah for the naming ceremony, the four corners of the walls of
the Ka’bah spoke and declared:
“There is none worthy of worship except Allah and Muhammad is the
Seal of Prophethood.”
7. The throne of Iblis collapsed

Iblis had a god-complex and observed that

the throne of Allah (swt) is upon water as
is mentioned in the following Qur’anic
passage:

When he was banished from Paradise, Iblis

established his throne upon water on
planet earth, but this collapsed at the
time of the birth of the Prophet (saw).
8. The devils were attacked with shooting stars
The devilish Jinn would ascend to the lower sky and attempt to
listen to the conversations of the angels positioned at the
Ka’bah, with the intention of hearing about people’s Qadr
(divine decree).
‘And we have sought [to reach] heaven but found it
filled with powerful guards and burning flames. And we
used to sit there in positions for hearing, but whoever
listens now will find a burning flame lying in wait for
him’.
[The Noble Qur’an, 72:8 & 9]
At the time of the Prophet’s (saw) birth, they were stricken with
falling stars and barred from accessing this knowledge and
chased away instead by flames and comets. Among the signs
WHAT PROBLEMS DID HALIMA HAVE?
 very poor but this year things were harder than ever because there had been
famine.
 The donkey that earned Halimah on the journey was so weak from hunger
that he often stumbled.
 Halimah's own baby son cried all the time because his mother could not feed
him properly.
 Even their she-camel did not give them one drop of milk

HOW DID HALIMAS LIFE CHANGE

 Her milk suddenly increased and she had enough for him as well as her
baby son
 Land became green
 The date trees, one of their main sources of food, gave lots of fruit.
 Even the sheep and their old she-camel began to give plenty of milk.
The Prophet's heart was washed three times:

1. The first time was when he was two years old. Two angels, Gabriel and Michael,
came in the form of two men wearing white clothing and laid the Prophet down and
opened his chest. A black blood clot was taken out from his heart. That clot is the place
the devil affects. This was done in order to highlight that the prophet has no evil within
him. Then they washed his heart with snow water.

2. The second time was upon revelation when the Prophet was 40 years old, when he
received prophethood, to further increase his honour.

3. The third time was on the Night of Mi’rāj. Angel Gabriel split his chest open and
washed his heart with the blessed Zamzam water. Then the contents of a golden
container filled with wisdom and belief was emptied into his chest.
12. Maria al-Qibtiyya RA
 He married each of his wives for a social or political purpose; such that he wanted to
honor the pious women, or wanted the loyalty of certain tribes so that Islam would
spread amongst them
 From age 25 to 50 he was faithful to only one wife, Khadijah.
 Between ages 50 and 52 he remained unmarried and mourning his late beloved wife.
 Between ages 53 and 60 he married all his other wives for many noble reasons.
 At age 60, Allah revealed to him verse preventing him from marrying any more until
he died, which was at age 63.
The Qur’an says what means: *{It is not lawful for you (to marry other) women after this,
nor to change them for other wives.}* (Al-Ahzab 33:52)
Their happy union resulted in Khadijah bearing several
children

• First child, a son whom they named Qasim, died when he was only two
years old.
• Abdullah, (also called Tayyib and Tahir), were also born, passed away in his
infancy
• four daughters :Zaynab, Ruqayya, Umm Kulthum and Fatima.
• Khadijah is the only one of his wives to bear the Prophet SAW children
who survived to adulthood.
• None of his other wives bore him children, apart from Maria al-
Qibtiyya., whose son, Ibrahim, also died during infancy.
 The stages of the Revelation

The First: The period of true vision.

The Second: What the angel invisibly cast in the Prophet’s mind and heart.
The Third: The angel used to visit the Messenger of Allah [pbuh] in the form
of a human being and would speak to him directly.

The Fourth: The angel came to him like the toll of a bell
The Fifth: The Prophet [pbuh] saw the angel in his actual form.

The Sixth: What Allah Himself revealed to him in heaven

The Seventh: Allah ’s Words to His Messenger [pbuh] at first hand without
the mediation of an angel

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 Angel Jibraeel (as) – what
does an angel look like ?
► Prophet (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) saw angel Jibrail twice in his real form
► He covered the entire horizon between sky and the earth
► Jibrail (as) had 600 wings
► The first time = When Jibrail (as) came to reveal prophet hood and the first verses of the Quran.
► The second time = On the night of Miraj (when he went to the heavens)

Abdullah Ibn Mas'ood may Allah be pleased with him said: "The Messenger of
Allah sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) saw Jibreel in his
true form. He had six hundred wings, each of which filled the horizon, and there were
multi-coloured pearls and rubies falling from his wings." [Ahmad]
Concerning ‘the angel caught me (forcefully) and pressed me so hard that I
could not bear it anymore’: Allah and His Messenger did not explain why
Jibreel squeezed the Prophet. However, the scholars of Islam have mentioned
some wisdom behind the squeeze:

1.Prophet would be free from worldly thoughts and notions.

2.It was a warning for Him that he is going to receive a huge task and heavy
words were going to be revealed upon Him.
3.To show that He is a dependent, cannot say anything from himself.
4.The ability of reading comes from Allah. You cannot read without being
given the ability by Allah.
5.The difficulties you are having are not your mere thoughts nor whisperings
nor illusions it is something else.

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Warqah bin Nawfal
► Cousin of Khadija (RA)
► He knew Hebrew and was familiar with the teachings
of the Gospel
► He informed them that this is the same angel that
Allah sent to Musa (AS)
► He told them that people will drive them out
► He said he will support the Prophet
Muhammad(SAW)
► He passed away a few days later
Four lessons you can learn from Surah Ad-
Duhaa

1.) ‘By the morning brightness’. [93:1]

The fact that Allah swears by the midmorning (al-duha) is proof of its
merit. It is a noble time, in which it is recommended to pray the
Duha Prayer. If someone prays the Fajr prayer in congregation and
then remembers Allah until the sun has risen and then prays the Duha
Prayer, they will have the reward of both Hajj and Umrah.

The Prophet (saw) said, ’As each morning comes, every one of
you must give charity for every limb of their body. Saying
‘Subhanallah’ is an act of charity, saying ‘Alhamdulillah’ is an act of
charity, saying ‘La ilaha ill’Allah’ is an act of charity, and saying
‘Allahu Akbar’ is an act of charity. Commanding people to do good is
an act of charity and forbidding evil is an act of charity. To pray two
units at the time of Duha suffices you all this charity’.

We are reminded there is light, there is always hope. That the days
come and go, and with every sunrise is the new opportunity to do
good, to grow, to change. There is hope that things won’t always be
the same, so look forward to everything that is yet to come.
2.) ‘And the hereafter is better for you than the first (life)’. [93:4]
The honour which Allah will bestow upon you in the next life is far greater than
that which we have bestowed upon in this life. Likewise, although the sincere
believer is given mercy and blessings in this life, what is awaiting him is much better.
We are reminded that this Dunya is nothing, that it was designed to hurt us, to be a
test and that real joy and happiness lie in the hereafter.
It is recorded by Imam Ahmed that Abdullah bin Mas’ud said, ’The Messenger of Allah
was lying down on a straw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up
he began to rub his side. So I said, “O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us to spread
something soft over this straw mat”. He replied, ”I have nothing to do with this
world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who rests in the shade
of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it”’. [Tirmidhi]
So always remember, whatever you feel in this world, you won’t feel those hardships
in the next. Only peace and happiness will follow you. This world is only a number of
days but your hereafter is for eternity. There is always better coming, so keep firm in
your hope and remember Allah will give.
3.) ‘And your Lord is going to give to you, and you will be satisfied’. [93:5]
We are reminded that Allah has not left us alone. He is always there, watching
over us, and soon He will give.
A man from Kufah came to ask Sayyiduna Muhammad al-Baqir whether the hadith of
the Prophet’s intercession was authentic.
He confirmed that it was and then he said, ’You say that the most hopeful verse in the
Qur’an is ”My slaves who have wronged themselves, do not despair of the
mercy of Allah. Allah forgives all sins. Truly He is the All-Forgiving, Most
Merciful” [39:53]. We say, however, that the most hopeful verse is ”And your Lord
is going to give to you, and you will be satisfied’ [93:5]’.
The beloved Prophet (saw) does not want any of his Ummah to enter the fire and will
do his utmost to intercede for every member of his Ummah.
We learn that our happiness is coming. That verily after every hardship there is ease.
Allah is promising us that we will be satisfied. That after every bout of rain, there is
sunshine. This verse reminds us of the love and mercy that exists within our faith, that
Allah is close to us. ‘And we are closer to him than (his) jugular vein’. [50:16]
4.) ‘So as for the orphan, do not oppress (him). And as for the petitioner, do
not repel (him). But as for the favour of your Lord, report (it)’. [93:9-11]
We are reminded of everything we have, of all the blessings in our lives. There are
those with nothing, how can we be ungrateful to Allah?
This encourages us to give, to give ease to the needy the way we want ease from our
difficulties. Allah has given us so many favours, if we were to count them all we would
pass before we finish. Allah loves us, he wants us to become connected to him.
This verse tells us to uphold the rights of orphans and to remember that their Prophet
(saw) too was born an orphan. Do not harm orphans and do not look down upon them.
If you are given responsibility for their property then fulfil this responsibility with
excellence and give them from your own wealth. Do not take advantage of their
weakness and do not think that they have no supporters.
There is so much barakah in sponsoring an orphan, The Prophet (saw) raised his index
finger and middle finger and said: ′I and the sponsor of an orphan will be like
these two (fingers) together in Paradise’.
4.) ‘So as for the orphan, do not oppress (him). And as for the petitioner, do
not repel (him). But as for the favour of your Lord, report (it)’. [93:9-11]
We are reminded of everything we have, of all the blessings in our lives. There are
those with nothing, how can we be ungrateful to Allah?
This encourages us to give, to give ease to the needy the way we want ease from our
difficulties. Allah has given us so many favours, if we were to count them all we would
pass before we finish. Allah loves us, he wants us to become connected to him.
This verse tells us to uphold the rights of orphans and to remember that their Prophet
(saw) too was born an orphan. Do not harm orphans and do not look down upon them.
If you are given responsibility for their property then fulfil this responsibility with
excellence and give them from your own wealth. Do not take advantage of their
weakness and do not think that they have no supporters.
There is so much barakah in sponsoring an orphan, The Prophet (saw) raised his index
finger and middle finger and said: ′I and the sponsor of an orphan will be like
these two (fingers) together in Paradise’.
 The first 5 believers
1) Khadijah
2) `Ali ibn Abu Talib
3) Zayd ibn Harithah
4) The daughters of the Prophet
How do you think Abu Talib, the
All of the Prophet’s daughters – Zaynab , Umm Kulthrm , Fatimah , and Ruqaiyyah – raced to
embrace Islam. Even before Islam, they benefited from the noble character of their father, so that,

Prophet(saw)’s uncle, reacted to

like their father, they were upright people who stayed away from the evils of the polytheistic
Quraish society. With their acceptance of Islam, the Prophet’s household became the first family
from this nation that believed in Allah and practiced the teachings of Islam, which is one of the

his message of Islam?

reasons why Khadijah is of such a high ranking among the Prophet’s Companions. It was in that
blessed household that:
♦ The Qur’an was first recited, after verses of it were revealed in the cave of Hira’.
♦ The first follower of the Prophet resided.
♦ Prayer was first established.
♦ The three first believers gathered together: Khadijah, `Ali, and Zayd ibn Harithah.
♦ Each individual member pledged to support the Prophet, a pledge that each one of them fulfilled.
5) Abu Bakr Summarise how each of them found Islam
Abu Bakr As-Siddique
As-Siddiq means a person who is constantly truthful or
who constantly believes in the truthfulness of
something or someone
Zayd, known as Hibbun (the beloved one of the Prophet), was the first freed slave to
embrace Islam. Having first entered the household of the Prophet as a slave, Zayd , loved
the Prophet a great deal, and his love was likewise reciprocated. Zayd, originally a free
person from a family of free people, was taken captive as a child during a raid and was
subsequently enslaved.

He was eventually purchased in Makkah, which is how he ended up in the household of the
Prophet. His father came looking for him, and found him in Makkah years after he had been
taken a captive. When Zayd’s father explained what had happened to his son, the Prophet
said that Zayd should decide whether he wanted to stay or return with his father. Zayd’s
father readily agreed to this proposal, for who would choose to be a slave rather than return
with his father as a free individual? But by that time, Zayd had gotten to know the
wonderful character of the Prophet, and Zayd’s love for the Prophet (peace be upon him)
was so great that he chose him over his own father. Zayd said to the Messenger of Allah, “I
would never choose anyone over you. To me, you rank equal to a father and an uncle.’ His
father and uncle both said, “Woe unto you! Will you choose slavery over freedom! And will
you choose someone over your father, uncle, and family!” Zayd said, “Yes. I have indeed
seen such things from this man that make me say with certainty that I would never choose
anyone over him.”

The Prophet then freed Zayd and adopted him. This of course all happened before Islam, for
with the advent of Islam, adoption (the practice of changing a child’s name, so that he
becomes known by his adoptive, and not birth, parents) became prohibited, so that Zayd
ibn (son of) Muhammad once again became known by his original name: Zayd ibn
5) Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr was the first free man to embrace Islam, and even before the advent of Islam, he was one of
the closest friends of the Messenger of Allah. Throughout their long years of friendship, Abu Bakr
became very much acquainted with the noble character of the Prophet, which is why it is not much of a
surprise that he embraced Islam without hesitating in the least. The Prophet said, “Every single person
I invited to Islam stumbled, hesitated, and considered the matter – except for Abu Bakr. When I invited
him, he neither wavered nor hesitated (to the contrary, he raced to embrace Islam).” [As-Seerah An-
Nabawiyyah by Abu Shuhbah]
♦ The people of the Quraish loved him for his manners and agreeable nature.
♦ In terms of lineage, he was one of the noblest members of the Quraish. Also, he knew more about the
family trees of Quraish’s individuals than anyone else. In fact, he was a recognized scholar of
genealogy, being well- versed in the family trees of not just the Quraish but of all Arabs.
♦ He was a businessman who was known for his fair dealings and good manners.
♦ He was very popular among Quraish’s nobles, who would come to him for his knowledge, his
expertise in business – or simply for his good company.
As soon as he embraced Islam, Abu Bakr sprang into action with the passion of a fresh convert, yet,
unlike many other converts throughout history, his passion and enthusiasm never died, and never even
waned. Abu Bakr’s Islam shows that a person of status and ranking in society often has more of an
opportunity than others do of having a positive impact upon others.
From his Islam, one can also perceive an interesting transformation: Abu Bakr was always a close friend
of the Prophet, but prior to Islam, that friendship was based upon an affinity of character and
personality; with the advent of Islam, their friendship was based only upon faith in Allah.
.
 Strategies against Islam
► Called Prophet Muhammad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)
a madman, a magician, a poet and other names
► When the Prophet Muhammad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon
him) would have a gathering, they would disperse it or come and tell their
own stories. The tried to divert peoples attention
► The openly humiliated the Prophet Muhammad (May Allah’s peace and
blessings be upon him),Islam and the Quran
► They tried to bribe him with money, leadership and women
► Why didn’t Allah send an angel, why did he send you?
 Abu Lahab
Muhammad's half paternal uncle. He was one of the
Meccan Quraysh leaders who opposed Muhammad and
his followers and was condemned in the surah Lahab
(Surah al-Massad) of the Quran for antagonizing Islam.

Abu Lahab, i.e. the Father of the Flames, whose

name was 'Abdul-'Uzza and means the servant of
the idol 'Uzza, was a man of fiery temperament with
a reddish face. This nickname, perhaps, was chosen
for him, because, 'lahab', in Arabic, means 'a flame
of fire'.
Abu Jahal was a relative of the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬and one of the worst
enemies of Islam. He was described by the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬as the ‘Fir’awn’
(Pharoah) of this Ummah.

• Abu Jahal’s actual name was Amr ibn Hisham but he was commonly
known as Abu Hakam (“Father of Wisdom”) among the Quraysh as he
was considered a wise man. His relentless hostility and belligerence
towards Islam earned him the name Abu Jahal (Father of Ignorance)
among the Muslims. He was a member of the Banu Makhzum clan of
the Quraysh.
• Convert slaves belonging to the polytheist Quraysh received the
harshest punishment. Abu Jahal beat Harithah bint al-Muammil (‫رضي الله‬
‫)عنها‬, one such slave, for her conversion to such an extent that she lost
her eyesight.
• He attacked Sumayyah bint Khayyaṭ, the mother of Ammar (‫رضي الله‬
‫ )عنه‬and inflicted on her mortal wounds by stabbing her with a spear in
her private parts. This blessed lady was the first to meet martyrdom in
the cause of Islam.
5th year of prophethood month of Rajab

First Migration comprised of eleven men and four

women
The Second Migration comprised of eighty three men
and fourteen women.
First Migration
One day there was a ''rumor'' spread and it was all of the
quraysh had accepted Islam. So the muslims thought they
have converted to Islam we might as well go.

But when they went there none of the quraysh had accepted
Islam but some of the muslims quickly went back on the boat
and some didnt make it.
Ja’far Bin Abi Talib
Amr ibn al-’As
AbduAllah ibn abi Rabi’ah

Describe the role each of them played in the

second hijrah
• From the Bani Adi tribe
• Accepted Islam in the 6th year of prophethood at the
age between 27-39
• Second khalifah of islam(4 main Khalifas-khulafa
rashideen)
• Amongst the Ashura Mubashara (10 destined for
Jannah)
• Given the Title Al-Farooq (he who distinguishes truth
from falsehood)
The Prophet Muhammed(SAW) made a dua

The Messenger of Allah,(SAW),said, “O Allah,

strengthen Islam with one of two men
whom you love more:
Abu Jahl or Umar ibn al-Khattab.”

Ibn Umar said, “The most beloved of the two

was Umar.”

Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhī 3681

 Why was Umar(RA) given the title Al-Farooq?
"Ibn Al-'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) related that he had asked 'Umar bin Al-
Khattab why he had been given the epithet of Al-Farooq (he who distinguishes truth from
falsehood),
he replied: After I had embraced Islam, I asked the Prophet (Peace be upon him): 'Aren't we on
the right path here and Hereafter?' The Prophet (Peace be upon him) answered: 'Of course
you are! I swear by Allâh in Whose Hand my soul is, that you are right in this world and in the
hereafter.' I, therefore, asked the Prophet (Peace be upon him) 'Why we then had to conduct
clandestine activism. I swear by Allâh Who has sent you with the Truth, that we will leave our
concealment and proclaim our noble cause publicly.’
We then went out in two groups, Hamzah leading one and I the other. We headed for the
Mosque in broad daylight when the polytheists of Quraish saw us, their faces went pale and
got incredibly depressed and resentful. On that very occasion, the Prophet (Peace be upon
him) attached to me the epithet of Al-Farooq."
(narrated in Rahiq al-makhtum)
 First wife of
Muhammad(S)
She was the first to
believe in
She was the Prophet(S)
internal support of
Muhammad(S)
Khadija(R )
She is known as the
“mother of the
believers”
She helped Prophet(S)
to overcome physical
and mental harms to
which he was exposed
She helped Prophet
(S) with her money
and herself.
 He took care of
Muhammad(S) when
he was an orphan

The Quraysh was not He protected and

Abu Talib
able to harm supported him with
(Uncle of
Muhammad(S) until his money
Muhammad(S)
his uncle died

He was the external

support of
Muhammad(S)
 1Oth Year Of
Prophethood

1.Abu Talib(Uncle) of
Year of Muhammad(S) died
Sorrow due to illness

2. Khadija(R ) his first

wife died due to
illness
Muhammad’s ‫ ﷺ‬journey to Taif
After the death of Abu Talib, Muhammad's ‫ ﷺ‬life was then on danger, so He ‫ ﷺ‬left for Taif with the hope of
winning them over to Islam.

On reaching Taif, He ‫ ﷺ‬visited the 3 chieftains of the clan separately, and placed before each of them the
message of Allah, and called upon them to stand by his Prophet's ‫ ﷺ‬side.

Instead of accepting his message, they refused even to listen to him, treating him with the most
contemptuous and rude manner. They plainly told him that they didn’t like his stay in their town.

Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬, who was a rock of steadfastness and perseverance's, did not lose heart over them and tried
to approach the common people, but nobody wanted to listen to him. Instead they asked him to clear off from
their town and go wherever else he liked. When He ‫ ﷺ‬realized efforts being made mean nothing, he decided
to leave but they wouldn’t let him depart in peace, rather they set the street urchins after him, to hiss, to
hoot, to jeer at and to stone him. He was so much pelted at with stones that his whole body was covered with
blood, and his shoes were clogged to his feet. Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬left the town in this woeful plight.

When he was away from the town, safe from the rabble, he prayed to Allah;

“O, my Allah! To Thee I complain of the feebleness of my strength, of my lack of resources and
my being unimportant in the eyes of people, O, Most Merciful of all those capable of showing
mercy! Thou art the Lord of the weak, and Thou art my own Lord. To whom art Thou to entrust
me; to an unsympathetic foe who would sullenly frown at me, or to an alien to whom Thou hast
given control over my affairs? Not in the least do I care for anything except that I may have Thy
protection for myself. I seek shelter in Your Light-the light which illuminates the Heavens and
dispels all sorts of darkness, and which controls all affairs in this world as well as in the
Hereafter. May it never be that I should incur Thy wrath, or that Thou should be displeased with
me. I must remove the cause of Thy displeasure till Thou art pleased. There is no strength nor
The Heavens were moved by the prayer and Jibrail (AS) appeared before
Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬, greeting him with Assalamu'alaikum and said;

“Allah knows all that has passed between you and these people. He has
deputed an angel in charge of the mountains to be at your command.”

Saying this, Jibrail (AS) ushered the angel before the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬. The angel greeted
him and said;
“O, Prophet of Allah! I am at your service. If you wish, I can cause the
mountains overlooking this town on both sides to collide with each other,
so that all the people therein would be crushed to death, or you may
suggest any other punishment for them.”

Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬said;
“Even if these people do not accept Islam, I do hope from Allah that there
will be persons from among their progeny who would worship Allah and
serve His cause.”

This was the conduct of Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬, whom we should all follow. He ‫ ﷺ‬was
already given the opportunity to punish these people who have made him bleed, but
instead of that his love and merciful heart shun this and chose not to give them any
trouble.
What lessons can we derive from the incident at Ta’if?

• You have to be patient when preaching the truth.

• Bigger the assignment, the more you need to be
patient and hard working.
• The concept of Grace and Disgrace (Izza and Zillat) in
the eyes of Allah are different from those that people
have.
• Every difficulty entails opportunity and thus has high
chances of bringing success if tolerated with sincerity.
• Pain and Pleasure are temporary as well as must.
• Greater the pain born, greater the pleasure you
become entitled to.
Write down ONE of the above that is different to your own
What Is the Meaning of Al-Isra and Al-
Miraj?

Al-Isra is an Arabic word that means ‘travelling at

night’.

Al-Miraj is also an Arabic word that means

‘going up high’.

Al-Isra and Al-Miraj was a wonderful night journey that Prophet

Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) had.

It was a journey full of miracles!

 When Is Al-Isra and Al-Miraj?

Al-Isra and Al-Miraj journey happened on the

27th of Rajab, which was a long time ago.
27th
Rajab
The month of Rajab is the 7th month in the
Islamic calendar and it is one of four sacred
months in Islam.

Every year on the 27th of Rajab we

remember the night journey of Al-
Isra
and Al-Miraj, to reflect and learn
from the story.
Some say it was their actual bodies that Allah had revived
Others say it was their souls
Allah knows best
 Make a drawing to represent
this incident

Fitrah is denoted by the natural and pure state in which one is born, an innate feeling
that guides one to do the 'right' thing. Prophet Muhammad (saw) instinctively chose
right over wrong, good over evil, and the Straight Path rather than the crooked path to
Hell.
 Al-Buraq

Al-Buraq was a very beautiful white animal with huge wings. It was bigger
than a donkey and smaller than a mule.

Mecca Al-Aqsa

NOT A REAL OR ACCURATE

IMAGE
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)
mounted Al-Buraq and in just a few seconds they travelled
from Mecca to Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem, Palestine.

Fitrah is denoted by the natural and pure state in which one is born, an innate feeling
that guides one to do the 'right' thing. Prophet Muhammad (saw) instinctively chose
right over wrong, good over evil, and the Straight Path rather than the crooked path to
Al-Aqsa
 Part Two: Al-Miraj
Ibrahim
7 Heaven
th
Al-Miraj is the second part of
this night journey where
Musa Prophet Muhammad (peace
6 Heaven
th and blessings be upon him)
went up from
Haroon Al-Aqsa mosque to the seven
5th Heaven heavens with angel
Jibreel/Gabriel.
Idris
4th Heaven
On his journey to heaven he
met many Prophets that Allah
Yusuf sent before him.
3rd Heaven

Isa + Yahya
2nd Heaven

Adam
1 Heaven
st
 The Lote Tree
The Lote tree (It is called Sidrat al-
Muntaha_ is at the end of the 7th heaven.
It is an amazing tree that has so many
colours and is surrounded by golden
butterflies.

When Prophet Muhammad (peace and

blessings be upon him) arrived at the Lote
tree, Allah (Glory Be to Him) spoke to him
directly!
a large lote tree or Sidr tree that marks the utmost boundary in the
seventh heaven, which no one can pass. It is called Sidrat al-Muntaha
because the knowledge of the angels stops at that point, and no one has
gone beyond it except the Messenger of Allah.
Did you know that Allah spoke to Prophet Muhammad (peace and
blessings be upon him) about one of the five pillars of Islam? Can
you guess which pillar it was?
 Prayer

Allah (Glory Be to Him) spoke to Prophet Muhammad (peace

and blessings be upon him) about prayer and informed him
in the beginning that Muslims should pray 50 prayers a day!

How many prayers do we pray per day now?

 The Five Daily Prayers

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) went to Prophet

Musa in the 6th heaven and told him about the 50 prayers.

Prophet Musa advised him to go back and ask Allah to reduce it because
it would be too difficult for people to pray 50 prayers a day.

After going back and forth

many times, Allah (Glory Be
to Him) reduced the number
of prayers from 50 to 5 daily
prayers but with the reward of
50 prayers!
Bowing
Saying Allahu Akbar Mark in
GREEN PEN
Prostrating

Saying salam

Standing

Sitting or kneeling
How did the Quraysh react to the
story of Mi’raj?
What did the Quraysh say?
He was a liar and madman. The couldn’t believe a man
could make this journey in one night.

How did the Prophet(SAW) prove his point?

He gave them a description of Masjid Al-Aqsa
He also told them about the two caravans he saw
travelling
• Why was Musa crying in the heavens?
Because the prophet who came after him has a larger ummah.
Musa was disappointed in himself.
• What was Ibrahim leaning against in Jannah? Why?
Baytul Ma’moor – the frequented house. He built the kaabah
on earth, so he has the privilege in Jannah to be with the kaabah
of the angels.
• What will Isa do as the day of Qiyamah approaches?
He will kill dajjal and fight Ya’jooj and Ma’jooj.
What was Madinah known as
before? Copy the red
•Yathrib- former name of Madinah
Hence ‘Eesa ibn Dinar, one of the Maalikis, said: Whoever calls al-
Madeenah Yathrib, it is recorded as a sin for him. The reason why it is
makrooh is that the name Yathrib comes from tathreeb which means
rebuke and blame, or from tharb which means corruption, both of
which are repugnant meanings.
•Bakkah – Makkah used to be called this/
also mentioned in the Qur’an
What is the importance of the
Pledge?:
• Prophet’s attempt to gain support from other
places (e.g. in Al Taif) failed earlier.
• The pledges of Al Aqabah gave hope to the
Muslims and the prophet as they found support
and protection from a different but willing source.
• Boosted the Morales(conduct/principle) of
Muslims.
Mus‘ab bin ‘Umair Al-‘Abdari (RA) - the first Muslim ambassador

• After the oath of allegiance (the Bay'at) was taken the Prophet
(pbuh) sent Mus‘ab bin ‘Umair Al-‘Abdari (RA) to Yathrib to teach
people the doctrines of Islam, give them practical guidance and
make attempts at propagating Islam among those who still
professed polytheism. Thus Mus‘ab bin ‘Umair Al-‘Abdari (RA)
became the first Muslim 'ambassador.'
• Mus'ab was an ulama - a learned scholar - who had memorised all
of the Qur'an that was revealed at the time. He was young, in his
20s, and the vast majority of Yathrib were of similar age since most
of the elders were killed in the bloody battle of Bu'ath few years
ago. Mus'ab also came from similar economic standing and family
background (upper class and cultured) as many in Yathrib, therefore
he could relate to the educated Yathribs.
Saudah(RA)
The fact is that the Prophet needed a new wife after
Khadijah had passed away, and the qualities he needed in
his new wife were maturity, kindness, and being a believer
in his message.
Saudah was 50 years of age when she married the prophet (Saw)-
she was the oldest of all the wives.
The prophet(saw) needed someone mature and experienced
enough to take care of his children.
SUMMARISE THIS
 Marriage HIGHLIGHT KHAULA BINT HAKIM

The incident of her marriage

:
Khaulah bint Hakimra, presented herself before the Holy Prophetsa and said,
“O Messenger of Allah, why do you not marry?”
“Whom shall I marry?” responded the Holy Prophetsa.
She responded, “If you wish there is an unmarried girl and a widow as well.”
The Holy Prophetsa enquired, “Who?”
Khaulahra responded, “The unmarried girl is the daughter of your friend Abu Bakr
named Aishara, and the widow is Saudah bint Zam‘ahra, who was married to your late
servant Sakran bin Amrra.” The Holy Prophetsa responded, “Alright, make a proposal to
the both of them.”

After this, Khaulahra approached Hazrat Saudah bint Zam‘ahra and her relatives were
also at consent. (The Life & Character of the Seal of Prophets, Vol. 1, pp. 241-242)

Consequently, the Messenger of Allahsa married Hazrat Saudahra in Shawwal 10 Nabaw

• Saudah bint Zam‘ahra was an early convert to Islam.
• Her first marriage was to, Sakran bin Amr. They
migrated to Abyssinia to escape the torture and
hardships the Quraish had inflicted upon the Muslims.
• Sakranra passed away on their return from Abyssinia.
• It is reported that Saudahra saw a moon fall on her in
one of her dreams. When she disclosed it to her
husband, Sakran interpreted her dream to mean that
after his demise, she would marry the Holy Prophetsa.
SUMMARISE THIS INTO YOUR BOOKS
An obedient wife

• Hazrat Saudahra knew the responsibilities that came

with marrying the Messengersa of Islam and immediately
resumed her role as the caretaker of his household and
children. She was extremely dedicated to his cause and
was renowned for her sense of obedience.
• Once, upon hearing from the Holy Prophetsa on his
pilgrimage to Mecca that this might be the last
pilgrimage and obstacles would refrain him from
carrying out another pilgrimage in the future, she
vowed to never set out for this purpose again.
Observance of prayers
• Hazrat Saudahra led a simple and pious life. She was punctual in her prayers,
both obligatory and voluntary. Once the Prophetsa woke up to offer Tahajud
and she got up to pray behind him. Later, she related to him that she was in
ruku for so long that she feared her nose would bleed out from the posture
and held onto it. The Holy Prophetsa was surprised and extremely pleased to
hear her devotion.
• A wish
The wives of the Holy Prophetsa held great respect and love for him. For them,
not only was he the Messenger of Allahsa, but they also viewed him as the
great exemplar who introduced the rights of women and their status in the
society. They loved him dearly and had vowed to serve and perform their
household duties. The Holy Prophetsa too revered their gestures of devotion
and had divided his time for each one of them.
When Hazrat Saudahra was older, she realised that her old age might hinder
her from carrying out her conjugal duties. She knew about the love the
Prophetsa had for Hazrat Aishara and gave up her turn in favour of her for the
sake of the Prophetsa of Islam. She told him that her only wish was to be
resurrected among the wives of the Holy Prophetsa on the Day of Judgement.
First Pledge of Aqabah
• 12th Year of Prophethood
• 12 people from Yathrib
(Madinah) pledged to believe in
Allah and the Prophet
• In Aqabah near Mina during
pilgrimage season
• Prophet sent Mus’ab ibn Umayr
back with them to be their
teacher
COPY THIS
Second Pledge of Aqabah
• 13th Year of Prophethood
• 70 new muslims
• Returned with Musab
ibn Umayr
• Near place of the 1st
pledge
• 12 people to represent
matters of the pledge

COPY THIS
The Breaking of All Connections with One's Home, for the Sake of Allah
Alone. After his companions had left for Yathrib, the Prophet (pbuh) stayed
in Mecca, waiting for permission from Allah to leave the city. Abu Bakr and
Ali stayed with him. There were also some Muslims whom Quraysh had not
allowed to leave. Abu Bakr kept asking the Prophet (pbuh) to allow him to
go to Yathrib, but the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) kept saying, 'Do not be in
a hurry; it might be that Allah will give you a travelling companion.’
The leaders of Quraysh assembled in the house of their ancestor, Dar-un-
Nadwa, as was customary when they had an important decision to make.
They had to find a way of getting rid of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh),
before he was able to join his friends in Yathrib. As they were busy arguing,
the Devil appeared at the door in the form of a noble and handsome old
man. When they saw this elderly gentleman standing there, they asked him
who he was. He said he was a Shaikh from the mountains who had heard
what they meant to do and thought he might be able to help or advise
them. They thought he looked like a wise man, so they invited himSUMMARISE
in. THIS
INTO BRIEF NOTES
WRITE- WHAT WAS ABU JAHL’S PLAN?
Verses 1-9 Surah Yaseen
Make a note of which surah mentions the
incident of the Quraysh warriors going blind
 Helpers at Cave Thawr

• Abu Bakr (RA)’s son Abdullah - Abdullah acted as a messenger; during

the day, he collected information about the Quraysh’s plan and brought it
to his father and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)’s knowledge at night.

• Abu Bakr (RA)’s slave Amir Bin Fuhayra (RA) grazed the companion’s
goats near the cave so that both Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Abu
Bakr (RA) could drink some fresh milk.
• Amir would then take the goats back to Makkah through the same route
as Abdullah to cover his footsteps, to keep the Quraysh in mystery as to
their whereabouts.
• Abdullah bin Urayqit knew the route to Yathrib (Madinah) very well he
took a route close to the range of Tihamat near the Red Sea. They
travelled northbound close to the seashore. This route was normally not
used by the caravans.
12:11 [AMAZING FULL VIDEO] The Miraculous Hijrah (Migration) Like You’ve Never Seen It Before! - Dr. YQ - YouTube

Story of Suraqah ibn Ju`shum al-Mudlaji

• a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

• A skilled horsemen of the Kinana tribe
• Suraqah initially opposed Muhammad.
• He is known for being the only man from the Quraysh to
successfully locate Muhammad and Abu Bakr during their
migration to Medina, hoping to win the bounty that the Quraysh
had put on their heads.
• He later converted to Islam.
• On September 24, 622, the prophet Muhammad completes his
Hijrah, or “flight,” from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution.
In Medina, Muhammad set about building the followers of his
religion—Islam—into an organized community and Arabian
power.
• The Hijrah would later mark the beginning (year 1) of the
Muslim calendar.

• Yathrib became Madina-tul-Munawwarah; city of lights

 MASID QUBA
01. A well owned by Abu Ayyub Ansari R.A
The Islamic history tells us a fact about Masjid e Quba that the
mosque had a well in its premises which belonged to Abu Ayyub Al-
Ansari R.A. It became a sacred place as the Prophet’s she-camel first
knelt there to take a long draught of water after the Prophet’s
journey
02. Performing 2 Nafl in Masjid e Quba
It is said that whoever makes wudu at his home and perform 2 nafl in
Masjid e Quba will get the reward of an Umrah.
03. The first renovation of Masjid e Quba
The first renovation was made by the third Caliph Usman Ibn Affan
R.A.
The first minaret of the mosque was built by Caliph Omar bin Abdul
Aziz.
Abu Yali Al-Husaini renovated the mosque again in 435 A.H. He