Why We are Here ?
??
To Build Various Types of
Ships
Don’t You Like to Design a
Titanic or more?
To Serve on Board as Marine
Engineer
To Enjoy and visit the
world
Visit to Saint Martin……
Basic Naval Architecture
ME 419
and Marine Engineering
Credit hour -3
Contact hours -3/ Wk
Syllabus
Naval Architecture
Ship’s terms
General particulars and Hull form
Definition of ships and ocean structures
Lightweight, deadweight, capacity and
tonnage measurement
Displacement, tonne per cm immersion,
coefficient of form and wetted surface area
Syllabus
Basic idea on ship design, various
drawings in ship design
Description of general arrangement
(GA), shell expansion, lines plan and
other related drawings
Marine Engineering
Basic idea on ship propulsion sys and
machinery
Basic engine types, operation of SI
engine, CI engine, Gas turbine engine
Class Tests
Total three class Tests – Best Tw0
will be counted (Mark 30 of each CT)
Midterm exam ( 45 Marks)
At Regular Interval
12
Ship’s Terms
Length Overall
Length Between Perpendiculars
Breadth
Depth
Draft
Breadth moulded, Depth moulded
Wetted surface
13
Ship’s Terms
Length Overall [LOA] is measured
from the extreme forward end of the
bow to the extreme aft end of the
stern
Length Between Perpendiculars
[LBP] is measured from the forward
surface of the stem, or main bow
perpendicular member, to the after
surface of the sternpost, or main stern
perpendicular member
Ship’s Terms
Length on Load Waterline [LWL] is an
important dimension because length at
the waterline is a key factor in the
complex problem of speed, resistance,
and friction.LWL is greater than the
LBP
Ship's extreme breadth, commonly
called beam, is measured from the
most outboard point on one side to the
most outboard point on the other at
Ship’s Terms
16
Ship’s Terms
Forward Perpendicular: If a
perpendicular is drawn at the point
where the bow intersects the
waterline, this imaginary
perpendicular line is called the
forward perpendicular.
For most of the hydrostatic
calculations, the forward
perpendicular is used as the
Ship’s Terms
Aft Perpendicular: The
perpendicular drawn through the
center of rudder stock is called the
Aft Perpendicular (AP)
Ship’s Terms
Breadth Molded is the breadth of the
ship excluding the plate thickness on
both side
“Depth" is the measurementtaken
from the bottom from the keel to
uppermost deck
Draft is the measurement taken from
the bottom from the keel to water line
Ship’s Terms
The displacement of a ship is its
weight.
As the term indicates, it is measured
indirectly, using
Archimedes' principle, by first
calculating the volume of water
displaced by the ship, then
converting that value into weight.
Traditionally, various measurement
rules have been in use, giving
Volume of Displacement, V=
LxBxd
Where L = Length
B= Breadth and d = Draft
Displacement =ℓ V
Where ℓ = density of water
V= Volm of displacement
Ship’s Terms
DISPLACEMENT, LIGHT - The weight of the ship
excluding cargo, fuel, ballast, stores, passengers,
crew, but with water in boilers to steaming level
DISPLACEMENT, LOADED - The weight of the ship
including cargo, passengers, fuel, water, stores,
and such other items necessary for use on a
voyage, which brings the ship down to her load
draft
Ship’s Terms
DEADWEIGHT - The total lifting capacity
of a ship expressed in tons. It is the
difference between the displacement
light and the displacement loaded
CARGO DEADWEIGHT - Capacity is
determined by deducting from total
deadweight the weight of fuel, water,
stores, crew passengers, and other
items necessary for use on a voyage
Ship’s Terms
GROSS TONNAGE - The entire internal
cubic capacity of the ship expressed in
tons, except certain spaces which are
exempted, such as:
(1) peak and other tanks for water
ballast
(2) spaces above the uppermost
continuous deck, such as: open
forecastle, bridge and poop, certain
Ship’s Terms
NET TONNAGE is a vessel's gross tonnage
minus deductions of space occupied by
accommodations for crew, machinery,
navigation, engine room and fuel
A vessel's net tonnage expresses the space
available for the accommodation of
passengers and the stowage of cargo
Net tonnage most frequently used for
the calculation of tonnage taxes and
Ship’s Terms
The hull is the main body of the ship
below the most continuous deck
Hull consists of an outside covering
(or skin) and an inside framework to
which the skin is secured
The skin and framework are usually
made of steel and secured by welding
Ship’s Terms
BULKHEADS
The interior of the ship is divided by the
bulkheads and decks into watertight
compartments
Too many compartments would interfere
with the arrangement of mechanical
equipment and the operation of the ship
Engine rooms and Cargo spaces must be
large enough to accommodate bulky
machinery
Ship’s Terms
Bulkheads and Decks
Ship’s Terms
External Parts of the Hull
Guard Rail, Horse Rail, Foot Rail
Ship’s Terms
NAMES OF DECKS
Ship’s Terms
Locations and Directions
Aboard Ship
Ship’s Terms
Center of Gravity
Center of Buoyancy
Centre of Flotation
Port and Starboard
Bow and Astern
Forecastle, Quarter deck,
Maintop
Deck
Superstructure
37
Buoyancy
The upward thrust exerted by the water on the
ship. If the ship floats freely the buoyancy is
equal to the weight of the ship.
The force of byoyancy acts through CB, which is
the CG of the underwater volume of the ship.
Metacenter
M
Righting Moment and Righting Lever
RIGHTING MOMENT acting on the ship is
calculated by multiplying the displacement, W,
by the horizontal distance between the
resolved forces of weight and buoyancy, GZ.
This horizontal distance GZ, which separates
the forces of weight and buoyancy as the ship
heels, is called the RIGHTING LEVER.
The Righting Moment depends
on…….
The stability of a ship (i.e. her resistance to heeling
forces) at any angle of heel is given by her righting
moment, which depends on the following:
a. The size and shape of the submerged part of hull
(which determine the position of B).
b. The distribution of the weights of stores, fuel,
weapons, machinery, etc, (which determines the
position of G).
As the weight and the centre of gravity of a ship remain
unaltered (apart from small differences due to free
liquids) when she is heeled by an external force, her
stability can be judged by the length of the righting lever
GZ at the particular displacement.
The Stability of a ship depends
on…….
The stability of a ship depends on the following three
factors:
a. The shape of her hull (both of the part normally
underwater and the part liable to be submerged as
the ship rolls), which determines the position and
movement of the centre of buoyancy.
b. The arrangement of all weights such as the hull,
machinery' stores, weapons and fuel, etc, which
determines the position of the centre of gravity.
c. The positions of the centres of gravity and
buoyancy in relation to each other and to the ship.
Ship’s Terms
Center of Gravity : The total weight
of the ship acts downward through
a central point which is called as
Center of Gravity. It is usually
expressed by G
Ship’s Terms
Center of Buoyancy : Buoyancy
means the upward force exerted on
the ship’s hull by the water when
she is floating and equal to the
weight of water she displaces.
Although this force is distributed
over all the under water surface of
the ship’s hull it can also be
resolved into a single force exerted
through a central point which is
called Center of Buoyancy
