Lamp Illumination Control With Precision

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

PRESENTED BY:
GUIDE:
Ms. N. RAGUVARAN ,M.E ., B.SIVANESAN (82720105027)
ASSISTANT.PROFESSOR
T.SUDHARSAN ( 821720105030)
DEPT. EEE
K.ANANTH (821720105304)

A.MOHAMED RAAFEEK (821720105316)

WELCOME
 ABSTRACT
• The system maintains lamp illumination by controlling a thyristor through a
microcontroller, utilizing firing angle control.
• PIC16F877A microcontroller is selected for its interfacing capabilities and
suitability for control applications.
• Thyristor firing angle is adjusted to regulate power supplied to the lamp,
thereby controlling illumination.
• Matrix keypad enables users to input desired illumination percentage for precise
control.
• LCD display provides visual feedback of user-entered illumination percentage.
• Automatic Adjustment:
• Microcontroller automatically adjusts thyristor firing angle based on user input,
ensuring desired illumination level.
• Solid state switching mechanism regulates power delivery to the lamp for
precise control.
• System overcomes faults in existing mechanisms with modern control
techniques and solid state components, enhancing reliability and performance.
 INTRODUCTION
• In today's dynamic environment, there's an increasing demand for precise
illumination control mechanisms across various applications.
• The illumination control system presented offers a sophisticated solution for
regulating lamp brightness through thyristor manipulation via a microcontroller.
• The system utilizes the PIC16F877A microcontroller, selected for its robust
interfacing capabilities and adeptness in executing control algorithms.
• Firing angle control principles are employed to modulate the voltage supplied to
the lamp, enabling precise brightness adjustments.
• Interaction is facilitated through a matrix keypad, allowing users to specify their
desired illumination percentage conveniently.
• An LCD display unit provides real-time feedback of user input, enhancing user
experience and aiding in interaction with the system.
• The microcontroller autonomously adjusts thyristor firing angles based on user
commands, ensuring consistent and reliable performance without manual
intervention.
• A solid-state switching mechanism efficiently regulates power delivery to the
lamp, contributing to precision, fault tolerance, and longevity of the system.
 LITERATURE SURVEY-I
PAPER NAME AUTHOR YEAR CONTENT

Propagation of ELENA 2023 This paper offers an

Voltage Fluctuations GUTIERREZ- assessment of the risk and
and Assessment of BALLESTEROS , severity of light flicker,
LED Lamps Light SARAH evaluated considering LED
Flicker in Low RÖNNBERG , lamps as the only customer
Voltage Networks (Senior Member, lighting technology as well
IEEE), AND as different household
AURORA GIL-DE- devices as source of voltage
CASTRO fluctuations.

Surgical Lamp ZHENMIN ZHU , 2019 In this article, they have

Design Based on XIN XU , AND designed a surgical light
LED Diffuse JIE YUAN lens especially for oral
Transmission surgical illumination. It
Illumination System provides a uniform and wide
field of view for
illumination during oral
surgery.
 EXISTING SYSTEM
Addressing the pressing issues of energy waste and light pollution in
street lighting, we propose an innovative solution in the form of an
adaptive LED luminaire. Designed to efficiently illuminate roadways
with curved and twisted shapes, this luminaire delivers a roadway-
shaped light pattern, optimizing illumination performance while
minimizing glare. Its practical design allows for easy adaptation through
the replacement of a special microlens array sheet, ensuring versatility
in light pattern production. Through extensive analysis and validation
via Monte Carlo ray tracing, alongside design examples and prototype
construction, our solution demonstrates superior adaptability and
effectiveness over traditional nonadaptive approaches, promising
improved visual comfort and discrimination for both car drivers and
pedestrians.
 PROPOSED SYSTEM
• We will utilize the PIC16F877A microcontroller for its reliable interfacing capabilities
and suitability for control applications.
• The system will employ firing angle control of thyristors to regulate the voltage
across the lamp, thereby controlling its illumination levels.
• A matrix keypad will serve as the user interface, allowing users to input the desired
percentage of illumination conveniently.
• An LCD display unit will provide real-time visual feedback of the entered illumination
percentage, enhancing user interaction and control.
• The microcontroller will automatically adjust the firing angle of thyristors based on
user input, ensuring that the desired illumination level is maintained without
manual intervention.
• A solid-state switching mechanism will be integrated into the system to regulate
power delivery to the lamp with precision and efficiency, further enhancing control
over illumination.
• By utilizing modern control techniques and solid-state components, our system will
overcome faults present in existing mechanisms, resulting in enhanced reliability
and performance.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY FOR ALL UNITS

KEYPAD OPTO ISOLATOR

PIC16F877A
TRIAC

LAMP

LCD DISPLAY
 POWER SUPPLY

• Step-down transformer is used to covert the 230v ac into 12v ac.

• Rectifier will convert 12v ac into 12v dc.
• Filter is used to reduce harmonic signal.
• Regulator is used for 12v dc into 5v dc by ic7805. Because the
microcontroller will run only in 5v.
 PIC16F877A

• The term PIC, or Peripheral Interface Controller, is the name given by

Microchip Technologies to its single – chip microcontrollers.
• PIC micros have grown to become the most widely used microcontrollers in
the 8- bit microcontroller segment.
• The PIC16F877A CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller is upward
compatible with the PIC16C5x, PIC12Cxxx and PIC16C7x devices.
• It features 200 ns instruction execution, 256 bytes of EEPROM data
memory, self programming, an ICD, 2 Comparators, 8 channels of 10-bit
Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, 2 capture/compare/PWM functions, a
synchronous serial port that can be configured as either 3-wire SPI or 2-
wire I2C bus, a USART, and a Parallel Slave Port.
• KEYPAD
A keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or “pad” which usually bear digits, symbols and
usually a complete set of alphabetical letters. If it mostly contains numbers then it can also be called
a numeric keypad. Here we are using 4 X 4 matrix keypad.
• Keypads are used to check the Password in the Door Lock Security System
• In shopping trolley,keypad is used to set the customer mobile number and end of the shopping is
acknowledged by ‘*’ or ’#’ button. GSM is used to send the purchased details to the customer.
How Does the Matrix Keypad Work?
• The matrix keypad consists of pushbutton contacts that are connected to the row and column lines.
There is one pin for each column and one pin for each row. So the 4×4 keypad has 4 + 4 = 8 pins,
while the 4×3 keypad has 4 + 3 = 7 pins.
• This illustration of a basic 4×3 keypad arrangement demonstrates how the internal conductors connect
the rows and columns.
• When the button is pressed, one of the rows is connected to one of the columns, allowing current to
flow between them. When the key ‘4’ is pressed, for instance, column 1 and row 2 are connected.

Keypad Scanning
• Each row is connected to an input pin, and each column is connected to an output
pin.
• Input pins are pulled HIGH by enabling internal pull-up resistors.
• The microcontroller then sequentially sets the pin for each column LOW and then
checks to see if any of the row pins are LOW. Because pull-up resistors are used, the
rows will be high unless a button is pressed.
• If a row pin is LOW, it indicates that the button for that row and column is pressed.
• The microcontroller then waits for the switch to be released. It then searches the
keymap array for the character that corresponds to that button.
Application of Keypads
• Mobile phone
• Laptop
MEMBRANE KEYPAD CONSTRUCTION
• Membrane keypads are made of a thin, flexible membrane material and
typically have six layers:
• Graphic Overlay – Graphic overlays are typically made of polyester
because it has better flex life than polycarbonate.
• Metal Domes – This layer houses metal domes or polydomes that
provide tactile feedback.
• Top Circuit Layer – This is typically a polyester printed layer with
silver-filled electrically conductive inks. This layer terminates as a
flexible tail that connects to the outside world.
• Spacer – This layer separates the top and bottom circuits, allowing the
switch to remain normally open until the keypad is pressed.
• Bottom Circuit Layer – This is typically a polyester printed layer
with silver-filled electrically conductive inks. This layer also
terminates as a flexible tail.
• Rear Adhesive Layer – This layer sticks the keypad to almost
anything, which is convenient.
• All rows and columns are wired together. If this were not the case,
interfacing 16 individual pushbuttons, for example, would require 17
I/O pins, one for each pushbutton and one for a common ground. By
connecting rows and columns, only 8 pins are required to control the
entire 4×4 keypad. This technique of controlling a large number of
inputs using fewer pins is known as Multiplexing.
INTERFACING WITH PIC16F877A/ARDUINO
• ROW1: Input pin connected to RB0(33)pin/to digital pin-2
• ROW2: Input pin connected to RB1(34)pin/to digital pin-3
• ROW3: Input pin connected to RB2(35)pin/to digital pin-4
• ROW4: Input pin connected to RB3(36)pin/to digital pin-5
• COL1: Output pin connected to RB4(37)pin/to digital pin-6
• COL2: Output pin connected to RB5(38)pin/to digital pin-7
• COL3: Output pin connected to RB6(39)pin/to digital pin-8
• NC: Not used
 LAMP LOAD
• In this proposed system, lamp is used as a load [i.e lamp load]
• Lamp is used to control the home appliance or load using IOT Controller
• Lamp is used to measures the load current / voltage and its updated to cloud server. Or
• The incandescent lamp or light or bulb is an electric light source that works through the Comparat
incandescence phenomenon that means the light emission can be caused by filament or
heating. These lamps are available in different sizes with different voltages and wattages.
• Here, the voltage range of these bulbs ranges from 1.5V to 300V.
• Lamps will glow once electrical current flows throughout a filament then they generate
high brightness that is matched through large energy utilization.
• An incandescent lamp mainly works on the incandescence principle which means the
light can be generated through heat. In this type of lamp, the current is supplied
throughout a thin metal filament. Once the filament is heated then it glows to generate
light.
• Generally, these lamps use a tungsten filament due to their high melting point. The
filament in this bulb can reach 4,500 degrees F temperatures.
• A glass enclosure avoids oxygen within the air from reaching the filament otherwise the
filament gets overheated & oxidized within seconds.
• This incandescent lamp works quite well in generating light. So it is suitable for a wide
range of applications.
 LED LAMP
• In this proposed system, lamp is used as a load [i.e lamp load]
• LED Lamp is used to control the home appliance or load using IOT
• LED lamps are electric lights that generate light through LEDs & these are extensively more energy-efficient as compared to
incandescent lamps & fluorescent lamps.
• Most efficient LED lamps have 200 lumens for each watt.
• As compared to incandescent lamps, the lifespan of LED lamps is more. These lamps work through a LED driver circuit to
function from power lines. This LED driver circuit needs some special characteristics to be compatible with lamp dimmers used
on incandescent lamps.
• Some LED lamps are alternatives to fluorescent/ incandescent lamps. These lamps may utilize several LED packages to enhance
light diffusion, overall cost & heat dissipation. The transcript on the packaging of the retail LED lamps may illustrate the output
of light in lumens, the utilization of power in watts, the temperature of color in Kelvin otherwise a color depiction like daylight,
cool white, or warm white.
• The range of operating temperature & occasionally an incandescent lamp’s equivalent wattage delivers a similar output within
lumens.

LED Lamps
 LCD

This is an LCD Display designed for E-blocks. It is a 16 character, 2-line alphanumeric LCD
display connected to a single 9-way D-type connector. This allows the device to be connected to
most E-Block I/O ports. The LCD display requires data in a serial format, which is detailed in the
user guide below. The display also requires a 5V power supply. Please take care not to exceed 5V,
as this will cause damage to the device. The 5V is best generated from the E-blocks
Multipogrammer or a 5V fixed regulated power supply.

FEATURES
• Input voltage: 5v
• E-blocks compatible
• Low cost
• Compatible with most I/O ports in the E-Block range
• Ease to develop programming code using Flow code icons

APPLICATIONS
• Monitoring.
 APPLICATION
• Indoor Lighting Control: In homes, offices, or commercial buildings, this system can be used
to adjust the brightness of indoor lighting according to user preference or environmental
conditions, such as time of day or occupancy.
• Street Lighting: Streetlights can be controlled dynamically based on traffic flow, pedestrian
activity, or ambient light levels to optimize energy usage and enhance safety.
• Outdoor Events and Venues: Lighting for outdoor events like concerts, festivals, or sports
matches can be adjusted to create the desired ambiance and improve visibility without
wasting energy.
• Display Lighting: For museums, art galleries, or retail stores, where precise lighting control
is crucial to highlight exhibits, products, or artwork effectively.
• Greenhouse Lighting: Controlled illumination in greenhouses can optimize plant growth by
adjusting light intensity and duration according to plant requirements and growth stages.
• Film and Photography Studios: Lighting control is critical in studios for film, television, and
photography to achieve desired lighting effects and enhance visual quality.
• Medical Facilities: In hospitals, clinics, or laboratories, lighting control can be used to create
comfortable environments for patients, reduce energy consumption, and provide optimal
lighting conditions for medical procedures.
• Automotive Lighting: In vehicles, such as cars or trucks, this system can be utilized for
interior lighting control to enhance driver comfort and safety or for exterior lighting control
for aesthetic or functional purposes.
 ADVANTAGES
Precision Control: By utilizing firing angle control of thyristors, the system allows for precise
adjustment of lamp illumination levels. This enables users to achieve their desired lighting
intensity with accuracy, catering to specific requirements of different applications.
User-Friendly Interface: The inclusion of a matrix keypad provides a user-friendly interface for
entering the desired percentage of illumination. This allows for easy and intuitive control of the
lighting levels, enhancing user experience and convenience.
Automatic Adjustment: With the microcontroller handling the firing angle control of thyristors
based on user input, the system offers automatic adjustment of lamp power. This automation
reduces the need for manual intervention and ensures consistent illumination levels over time.
Energy Efficiency: By dynamically adjusting the power supplied to the lamp according to user
requirements, the system promotes energy efficiency. It avoids unnecessary energy
consumption by only providing as much illumination as needed, thereby reducing electricity
costs and environmental impact.
Fault Tolerance: The system's design addresses faults present in traditional illumination control
mechanisms, offering improved reliability and stability. This ensures consistent performance
and minimizes downtime due to technical issues or malfunctions.
Flexibility and Adaptability: The system's modular design, based on a microcontroller
platform, allows for flexibility and adaptability to different lighting environments and
requirements. It can be easily customized or integrated into various applications with minimal
modifications.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The implementation of the described lighting control system using a microcontroller

and firing angle control of thyristors offers a host of advantageous outcomes.
Through precise adjustment of lamp illumination levels via user input, the system
enhances comfort, productivity, and safety while optimizing energy usage, leading
to cost savings and environmental benefits. Its fault-tolerant design and solid-state
switching mechanism ensure reliability, minimizing downtime and maintenance.
With a user-friendly interface and adaptable nature, the system promotes user
satisfaction and versatility across diverse applications. Leveraging technological
advancements, it signifies innovation in lighting control, underscoring its significance
in modern lighting management solutions.
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the implementation of the lighting control system utilizing a

microcontroller and firing angle control of thyristors represents a significant
advancement in lighting management technology. By offering precise control over
lamp illumination levels based on user input, the system enhances comfort, safety,
and energy efficiency across various applications. Its fault-tolerant design ensures
reliability, while the user-friendly interface and adaptability cater to diverse needs.
Moreover, the system's contribution to cost savings and environmental conservation
underscores its practical value. Overall, this innovative solution exemplifies the
potential of modern technology to revolutionize lighting control, promising a
brighter and more sustainable future.
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