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Graphing Rational Functions

This document provides an overview of graphing rational functions, including their definition, key components such as asymptotes and holes, and methods for graphing them. It emphasizes the use of algebra and calculus to analyze features like maxima, minima, and points of intersection. The document concludes with a practice exercise for graphing a specific rational function.

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Vidyashankar
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7 views11 pages

Graphing Rational Functions

This document provides an overview of graphing rational functions, including their definition, key components such as asymptotes and holes, and methods for graphing them. It emphasizes the use of algebra and calculus to analyze features like maxima, minima, and points of intersection. The document concludes with a practice exercise for graphing a specific rational function.

Uploaded by

Vidyashankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GRAPHING RATIONAL

FUNCTIONS

V VIDYASHANKAR (3/6/2025)
OVERVIEW

o GRAPHING
o ANALYZING KEY FEATURES :
ASYMPTOTES,INTERSECTIONS,
EXTREMA

o PRESENTED BY V VIDYASHANKAR
WHAT IS A RATIONAL
FUNCTION?
A Function of two polynomials
General form : f(x) = P(x)/Q(x)
Example : f(x) = (x+1)/(x-2)
Defined for all x where Q(x) ≠ 0
KEY COMPONENTS
Vertical Asymptotes : Set Q(x) = 0 and solve for x
Horizontal Asymptotes : If degree (P) < degree (Q) : y = 0
If degree (P) = degree(Q) : y = leading coeff (P) / leading coeff (Q)
If degree(P) > degree(Q) : No horizontal asymptote ( look for
oblique )
Holes : When common factors cancel in numerator and
denominator
GRAPHING RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

o SIMPLIFY THE FUNCTION


o FIND INTERCEPTS (SET NUMERATOR = 0 FOR
X INTERCEPTS)
o IDENTIFY DOMAIN RESTRICTIONS
o DETERMINE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
ASYMPTOTES
o CHECK FOR HOLES
o MAKE A SIGN CHART OR TABLE OF VALUES
o SKETCH A GRAPH
ASYMPTOTES AND HOLES

o VERTICAL ASYMPTOTE EXAMPLE: F(X) = 1/(X-3)


VERTICAL SYMPTOTE AT X = 3
o HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE EXAMPLE F(X) =
(2X^2 + 1)/(X^2 + 4)
HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE AT Y = 2
o HOLE EXAMPLE : F(X) = (X-1)(X+2)/(X-1)(X-3)
HOLE AT X = 1
MAXIMA AND MINIMA

o RATIONAL FUNCTIONS MAY HAVE TURNING


POINTS ( LOCAL MAXIMA OR MINIMA)
o USE FIRST DERIVATIVE (F’(X)) TO FIND
CRITICAL POINTS
o USE SECOND DERIVATIVE TEST TO CLASSIFY
EXTREMA
o PLOT CRITICAL POINTS ON GRAPH
POINTS OF INTERSECTION

o X-INTERCEPTS – SET NUMERATOR = 0 AND


SOLVE
o Y-INTERCEPT : SET X = 0 AND COMPUTE F(0)
o INTERSECTION WITH ANOTHER FUNCTION :
SET F(X) = G(X) AND SOLVE
o
PRACTICE GRAPH

o GRAPH F(X) = (X^2-1)/(X^2-4)


o IDENTIFY : ASYMPTOTES,INTERCEPTS AND
HOLES
o SKETCH THE GRAPH WITH LABELLED
FEATURES
o
SUMMARY

o RATIONAL FUNCTIONS HAVE UNIQUE FEATURES


LIKE ASYMPTOTES AND HOLES
o USE ALGEBRA AND CALCULUS TOOLS TO ANALYZE
THEM
o GRAPHS CAN HAVE TURNING POINTS AND
INTERSECTIONS
THANK YOU

V VIDYASHANKAR

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