Ch 7 CP 2

A bullet is fired into block sitting on ice. The bullet travels at

500 m/s with mass 0.005 kg. The wooden block is at rest with a
mass of 1.205 kg. Afterwards the bullet is embedded in the block.
Find the velocity of the block and bullet after the impact (ignore all
frictions ).

A. 3.02 m/s a) pfinal = pinitial = (0.005 kg)(500 m/s)

pfinal = (Mbullet + Mwood)v = 2.5 kg m/s
B. 2.07 m/s v = (2.5 kg m/s)/(1.205 kg) = 2.07 m/s
C. 500.3 m/s
D. 250.6 m/s
E. 12.02 m/s

05/24/2025 1
 Ch 7 CP 2
A bullet is fired into block sitting on ice. The bullet travels at
500 m/s with mass 0.005 kg. The wooden block is at rest with a
mass of 1.205 kg. Afterwards the bullet is embedded in the block.
Does the change in momentum of the bullet equal that of wood and
how much are the changes?

A.yes. 2.50 kg m/s

B. No. Wood changes 2.50 kg m/s. Bullet changes
less than that.

c) Δp for bullet = (0.005 kg)(500 m/s) – (0.005 kg)(2.07 m/s)

= 2.50 kg m/s
Momentum is conserved, so momentum lost by bullet is gained
by wood.
05/24/2025 2
 Collisions at an Angle
• The total momentum of the two football players
prior to the collision is the vector sum of their
individual momentums.
The larger initial momentum
has a larger effect on
the final direction of
motion.
 Two lumps of clay of equal mass are
traveling at right angles with equal speeds
as shown, when they collide and stick
together. Is it possible that their final
velocity vector is in the direction shown?
a) yes
b) no
c) unable to tell
from this graph

No. The final momentum will be in a

direction making a 45o degree angle with
respect to each of the initial momentum
vectors.
 Quiz: Two cars of equal mass Collide at
right angles to one another in an
intersection. Their direction of motion after
the collision is as shown. Which car had
the greater
a) Car A
velocity before the collision?
b) Car B
c) Their velocities were
equal in magnitude.
d) It is impossible to tell
from this graph.

Since the angle with respect to the

original direction of A is smaller than 45º,
car A must have had a larger momentum
and thus was traveling faster.
– Rotational displacement is how far the object rotates.
• Units: fractions of a complete revolution; degrees; radians
• 1 complete revolution = 360o = 2 radians
• Analogous to linear displacement: the straight-line distance traveled by an
object (including direction of travel)

6
– Rotational velocity is how fast the object is turning.
• Units: revolutions per minute (rpm); degrees per second
• Analogous to linear velocity

7
– Rotational acceleration is the rate of change of rotational velocity.
• Units: revolutions per second per second (rev/s2); radians per second per
second (rad/s2)
• Analogous to linear acceleration

8
• Constant acceleration equations for linear and rotational
motion
v v 0  at   0  t

1 2 1 2
d v 0 t  at   0 t  t
2 2

 

9
• Relationship between linear and rotational velocity
 On a merry-go-round, a
rider near the edge travels
a greater distance in 1
revolution than one near
the center.
 The outside rider is
therefore traveling with a
greater linear speed.

v r 10
A merry-go-round is accelerated at a constant
rate of 0.005 rev/s2, starting from rest.
What is its rotational velocity at the end of 1 min?
a) 0.005 radian/s
b) 0.3 radian/s
c) 0.05 radian/s
d) 1.88 radian/s

 = 0.005 rev/s2
0 = 0
t = 60 s

 = 0 + t
= 0 + (0.005 rev/s2)(60 s)
= 0.30 rev/s = 0.3*2*3.14 radian/s
= 1.88 radian/s

11
How many revolutions does the merry-go-
round make in 1 minute?

a) 1.5 rev
b) 3.0 rev
c) 9.0 rev
d) 18.0 rev

 = 0.005 rev/s2
0 = 0
t = 60 s,  = 0.30 rev/s

 = 0t + 1/2 t2

= 0 + 1/2 (0.005 rev/s2)(60 s)2
= 9 rev

12
 Torque and Balance
 What causes the merry-go-round to rotate in the first
place?
 What determines whether an object will rotate?
 If an unbalanced force causes linear motion, what
causes rotational motion?

13
 Torque and Balance
 When is a balance balanced?
 Consider a thin but rigid beam supported by a fulcrum or
pivot point.
 If equal weights are placed at equal distances from the
fulcrum, the beam will not tend to rotate: it will be
balanced.

14
To balance a weight twice as large as a smaller
weight, the smaller weight must be placed twice as
far from the fulcrum as the larger weight.
Both the weight and the distance from the fulcrum
are important.
The product of the force and the distance from the
fulcrum is called the torque.

15
The distance from the fulcrum to the point of
application of the force must be measured in a direction
perpendicular to the line of action of the force.
This distance is
called the lever arm
or moment arm.
For a force F and a
lever arm l, the
resulting torque is:

 Fl
A longer lever arm
produces a greater
torque. 16
1J-20 Torque Wrench

17
1J-12 Variable Torque

18
1J-14 Equilibrium of a Bridge

19
1J-01 Galilean Lever

20
 Quiz: Which of the forces pictured as
acting upon the rod will produce a torque
about an axis perpendicular to the plane
of the diagram at the left end of the rod?
a) F1
b) F2
c) Both.
d) Neither.

F2 will produce a torque about an

axis at the left end of the rod. F1
has no lever arm with respect to
the given axis.

21
 The two forces in the diagram have the
same magnitude. Which force will produce
the greater torque on the wheel?

a) F1
b) F2
c) Both.
d) Neither.

F1 provides the larger torque. F2 has a

smaller component perpendicular to the
radius.

22
A 50-N force is applied at the end of a
wrench handle that is 24 cm long. The
force is applied in a direction perpendicular
to the handle as shown. What is the torque
applied to the nut by the wrench?
a) 6 N·m
b) 12 N·m
c) 26 N·m
d) 120 N·m

0.24 m  50 N = 12 N·m

23
What would the torque be if the force were
applied half way up the handle instead of
at the end?

a) 6 N·m
b) 12 N·m
c) 26 N·m
d) 120 N·m

0.12 m  50 N = 6 N·m

24
What’s the lever arm between F and the fulcrum?

A. l
B. a
C. b

a
b

25
When the applied force is not perpendicular to the
crowbar, for example, the lever arm is found by drawing
the perpendicular line from the fulcrum to the line of
action of the force.
We call torques
that produce
counterclockwise
rotation positive,
and torques that
produce
clockwise rotation
negative.

26
Two forces are applied to a merry-go-round
with a radius of 1.2 m as shown. What is
the torque about the axle of the merry-go-
round due to the 80-N force?

a) +9.6 N·m
b) -36 N·m
c) +96 N·m
d) -36 N·m

1.2 m  80 N = +96 N·m

(counterclockwise)

27
What is the torque about the axle of
the merry-go-round due to the 50-N
force?

a) +60 N·m
b) -60 N·m
c) +120 N·m
d) -120 N·m

-(1.2 m  50 N) = -60 N·m

(clockwise)

28
What is the net torque acting on the merry-
go-round?

a) +36 N·m
b) -36 N·m
c) +96 N·m
d) -60 N·m
e) +126 N·m

96 N·m (counterclockwise)
- 60 N·m (clockwise)
= +36 N·m (counterclockwise)

29
We want to balance a 3-N weight
against a 5-N weight on a beam. The
5-N weight is placed 20 cm to the right
of a fulcrum. What is the torque
produced by the 5-N weight?
a) +1 N·m
b) -1 N·m
c) +4 N·m
d) +4 N·m

F=5N  = - Fl
l = 20 cm = 0.2 m = - (5 N)(0.2 m)
= -1 N·m

30
Quiz: How far do we have to place the
3-N weight from the fulcrum to
balance the system?

a) 2 cm
b) 27 cm
c) 33 cm
d) 53 cm

F=3N l=/F
 = +1 N·m = (+1 N·m) / (3 N)
= 0.33 m = 33 cm

31