In General Frame of
reference is taken as
ground ( earth) unless
and until mentioned
otherwise
Distance vs. Displacement
The Position of a particle is given as X = t -2 . Find
displacement and distance .From t=0 to t=4.
The Position of a particle is given as X = 1-t. Find
displacement and distance .From t=0 to t=4.
A particle moves 10m east and 10m south west.
Find Displacement and Distance travelled.
Velocity
In 1.0 sec a particle goes from point A to
point B moving in a semicircle of radius 1.0 m.
The magnitude of average velocity is
Instantaneous speed and Average Speed
The magnitude of average velocity
|vavg| and average speed vavg may
not be equal, but magnitude of
instantaneous velocity |v| is
always equal to instantaneous
speed v.
A body travels the first half of the total distance with
speed V1 and the second half with speed V2. Calculate
the average speed:
A body travels the first half of the total distance with
speed V1 and for remaining half distance with speed V2
for half time and with V3 for next half time . Calculate
the average speed: .
Instantaneous acceleration and Average acceleration
Position , Velocity and Acceleration
If position is depend on time such that x = 2t –2 then find out
a. average speed up to 4 sec
b. velocity at 8 seconds
c. Average velocity from t=3s to t=10 s
If velocity is depend on time such that v = 4 – 2t.
Find out distance and displacement travelled by
particle from 1 to 3 sec.
If velocity is given by following function V = x2. Then find
out relation between x & t (assume x =1 m at t = 0)
If velocity is given by following function V = t-2. Then find
out distance and displacement from t=0 to t=4 seconds.
If x= (t3 /3 ) – t, find distance and displacement till 2 secs.
If a is depend on v in a following way.
a = v and at t = 0 ,x = 1m, v = 1m/s.
(a) Find out its velocity at t = 2 sec.
(b) Find out its velocity at x = 3 m
The acceleration of a particle which is depend on time is
given by following function a = 2t + 1 and at time t = 0, x =
1m and uinitial = 2m/s.Then find out velocity and
displacement of the particle at t = 3 sec.
if a = 2x ; initially particle is at x = 2m and is moving with
3 ms–1. Then find out v at x = 5 m.
Constant Acceleration Motion in 1D
A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly for 20
seconds to a velocity of 72 km h–1. It then runs at constant
velocity and finally brought to rest in 200 m with a
constant retardation. The total distance covered is 600 m.
Find the acceleration, retardation and the total time taken.
A stone dropped from top of tower touches ground in 4
secs. Height of tower is _________
Assume that a car is able to stop with a retardation
of 8 ms–2 and that a driver can react to an
emergency in 0.5 sec. Calculate the overall stopping
distance of the car for a speed of 60 km/hr of the
car.
Find out distance travelled by the block in 10 sec. for a
given situation
Two buses A and B are at positions 50 m and 100 m from
the origin at time t = 0. They start moving in the same
direction simultaneously with uniform velocity of 10 ms–1
and 5 ms–1 . Determine the time and position at which A
overtakes B.
A bus starts from rest with constant acceleration of 5 ms–2.
At the same time a car travelling with a constant velocity of
50 ms–1 overtakes and passes the bus. (i) Find at what
distance will the bus overtake the car ? (ii) How fast will
the bus be travelling then ?
A bus starts from rest with constant acceleration of 5 ms–2.
At the same time a car travelling with a constant velocity of
50 ms–1 overtakes and passes the bus. (i) Find at what
distance will the bus overtake the car ? (ii) How fast will
the bus be travelling then ?
MOTION UNDER GRAVITY
I FORMAT : (When a body is thrown vertically upward)
Time of flight
Maximum Height
Final velocity
Time to reach maximum height
Time to reach half of the maximum height
Time to reach any general height h
II Format (Free fall)
Time of Flight
II Format (Free fall)
Velocity at any height h
Final Velocity when body reaches the ground
A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity u
from the ground. The ball attains a maximum height
Hmax. Then find out the time and displacement at
which ball have half of the maximum speed.
A ball thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 19.6 ms–1
from the top of a tower returns to the earth in 6 s. Find the
height of the tower.
ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 20 ms–1
from the top of a multi-storeyed building. The height of the
point from where the ball is thrown is 25 m from the ground.
(i) How high will the ball rise
(ii) how long will it be before the ball hits the ground?
A ball thrown up is caught by the thrower after 4s. How high
did it go and with what velocity was it thrown ? How far was
it below the highest point 3 s after it was thrown?
Two balls are thrown simultaneously, A vertically upwards
with a speed of 20 ms–1 from the ground, and B vertically
downwards from a height of 40 m with the same speed and
along the same line of motion. At what points do the two
balls collide? Take g = 9.8 ms–2.
A balloon is ascending at the rate of 9.8 ms–1 at a height of
39.2 m above the ground when a food packet is dropped
from the balloon. After how much time and with what
velocity does it reach the ground? Take g = 9.8 ms–2.
Basics of GRAPHS
Straight line
Basics of GRAPHS
Draw the graph for the equation : 2y = 3x + 2
Basics of GRAPHS
Draw the graph for the equation : 2y + 4x + 2 = 0
Basics of GRAPHS
Parabola
Quick Revision
Reading of Graphs X vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs X vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs X vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs X vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs X vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs v vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs v vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs v vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs v vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs a vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs a vs t graphs
Reading of Graphs a vs t graphs
Drawing of graphs on the basis of given information
(a) If acceleration of the body is zero and If the velocity of the
body is v0 and it starts from origin.
Drawing of graphs on the basis of given information
(a) If acceleration of the body is zero and If the velocity of the
body is v0 and If at t = 0, x = x0 then.
Drawing of graphs on the basis of given information
If a body has constant acceleration, u=0 and a=a0
Case1 X0= 0
Case2 X0= a
Drawing of graphs on the basis of given information
If a body has constant acceleration, u=V0 and a=a0
Case1 X0= 0
Drawing of graphs on the basis of given information
If a body has constant acceleration, u=V0 and a=a0
Case1 X0= 0
Drawing of graphs on the basis of given information
If a body has constant acceleration, if u = u0 ,X0=0, a = – a0
Drawing of graphs on the basis of given information
If a body has constant acceleration, if u = u0 ,X0=0, a = – a0
Drawing of graphs on the basis of given information
If a body has constant acceleration, if u = -u0 ,X0=0, a = + a0
Draw the (a) position vs time graph (b) velocity vs time graph (c)
acceleration vs time graph for the following cases
1. If a body is projected vertically upwards with initial velocity u. Take
the projection point to be origin and upward direction as positive.
Draw the (a) position vs time graph (b) velocity vs time graph (c)
acceleration vs time graph for the following cases
2. If a body is dropped from a height h above the ground. Take
dropping point to be origin and upward direction as +ve.
Draw the (a) position vs time graph (b) velocity vs time graph (c)
acceleration vs time graph for the following cases
3. If a body is projected vertically upwards from a tower of height h
with initial velocity u. Take the projection point to be origin and
upward direction as +ve.
A car starting from rest accelerates uniformly at 2 ms–2 for 5 seconds
and then moves with constant speed acquired for the next 5 seconds
and then comes to rest retarding at 2 ms–2 . Draw its (a) Position vs
time graph (b) Velocity vs time graph (c) acceleration vs time graph
A particle starts from x = 0 and initial speed 10 ms–1 and moves with
constant speed 10ms–1 for 20 sec. and then retarding uniformly comes
to rest in next 10 seconds. acceleration vs time graph
If at t = 0 u = 5 ms–1 then velocity at t = 10 sec
if at t = 0, u = 4 ms–1 Find out v at t = 10 sec, t = 20 sec & t = 30 sec
if at t = 0, u = 2 ms–2 find out it maximum velocity
Conversion of velocity vs time graph to speed vs time graph.
mirror image about time axis.
Conversion of displacement vs time graph to distance vs time
graph
Reading of graphs if the motion of two bodies are sketched
on the same axes.
Reading of graphs if the motion of two bodies are sketched
on the same axes.
Reading of graphs if the motion of two bodies are sketched
on the same axes.
Relative Motion in 1D
Relative Position , Velocity , Acceleration
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Relative Motion
Car A and car B start moving simultaneously in the same direction along the line joining
them. Car A with a constant acceleration a = 4 m/s2 , while car B moves with a constant
velocity v = 1 m/s. At time t = 0, car A is 10 m behind car B. Find the time when car A
overtakes car B.
Relative Motion
An open lift is moving upwards with velocity 10m/s. It has an upward acceleration of 2m/s 2 .
A ball is projected upwards with velocity 20 m/s relative to ground. Find :
(a) time when ball again meets the lift.
(b) displacement of lift and ball at that instant.
(c) distance travelled by the ball up to that instant. Take g = 10 m/s 2
Relative Motion
TWO DIMENSIONAL MOTION OR MOTION IN A PLANE
Basics
TWO DIMENSIONAL MOTION OR MOTION IN A PLANE
TWO DIMENSIONAL MOTION OR MOTION IN A PLANE
TWO DIMENSIONAL MOTION OR MOTION IN A PLANE
Projectile Motion
1. Ground to Ground
Projectile Motion
1. Ground to Ground
Time of Flight (T)
Range (R)
Maximum Height (Hmax )
Equation of Trajectory
Direction of Motion with Horizontal
A body is projected with a velocity of 30 ms–1 at an angle of 30° with
the vertical. Find the maximum height, time of flight and the
horizontal range.
A projectile is projected with speed u at angle theta with
horizontal , at what time its direction of motion becomes
perpendicular to its initial velocity.
Coordinate of a particle after a given time t
Velocity after a given time
Velocity at any height h
A ball is thrown from ground level so as to just clear a wall 4
m high at a distance of 4 m and falls at a distance of 14 m
from the wall. Find the magnitude and direction of the
velocity.
A body is projected with a velocity of 20 ms–1 in a direction
making an angle of 60° with the horizontal. Calculate its (i)
position after 0.5 s and (ii) velocity after 0.5 s.
River - Boat Problems
River - Boat Problems
River - Boat Problems
Time Taken to cross the river and Drift
Condition when the boatman crosses the river in
shortest interval of time
Condition when the boatman wants to reach
point B, i.e., at a point just opposite from where
he started
Condition when the boatman wants to reach
point B, i.e., at a point just opposite from where
he started
Only possible when
Shortest path
Shortest path
A man can row a boat with 4 km/h in still water. If he is crossing a
river where the current is 2 km/h.
(a) In what direction will his boat be headed, if he wants to reach a
point on the other bank, directly opposite to starting point? (b) If
width of the river is 4 km, how long will the man take to cross the
river, with the condition in part (a)
A man can row a boat with 4 km/h in still water. If he is crossing a
river where the current is 2 km/h.
(c) In what direction should he head the boat if he wants to cross
the river in shortest time and what is this minimum time?
(d) How long will it take him to row 2 km up the stream and then
back to his starting point ?
A man can swim at a speed of 3 km/h in still water. He wants to
cross a 500 m wide river flowing at 2 km/h. He keeps himself always
at an angle of 120° with the river flow while swimming.
(a) Find the time he takes to cross the river.
(b) At what point on the opposite bank will he arrive ?
A boat moves relative to water with a velocity v and river is flowing
with 2v. At what angle the boat shall move with the stream to have
minimum drift?
Rain Problems
A man standing on a road has to hold his umbrella at 30° with the
vertical to keep the rain away. He throws the umbrella and starts
running at 10 km/h. He finds that raindrops are hitting his head
vertically. Find the speed of raindrops with respect to (a) the road,
(b) the moving man.
To a man walking at the rate of 3 km/h the rain appears to fall
vertically. When the increases his speed to 6 km/h it appears to
meet him at an angle of 45° with vertical. Find the speed of rain
