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Target Code Generator

The document discusses the functionality and design issues of a target code generator in a compiler, emphasizing the need for correct, high-quality, and resource-efficient code. It outlines the various input representations for the source program, the types of target programs generated, and the importance of understanding the target machine architecture. Additionally, it addresses instruction selection, optimization needs, and the significance of effective register allocation and assignment.

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mastanbisk038
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111 views16 pages

Target Code Generator

The document discusses the functionality and design issues of a target code generator in a compiler, emphasizing the need for correct, high-quality, and resource-efficient code. It outlines the various input representations for the source program, the types of target programs generated, and the importance of understanding the target machine architecture. Additionally, it addresses instruction selection, optimization needs, and the significance of effective register allocation and assignment.

Uploaded by

mastanbisk038
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Target code generator

Position of code generator


functionality
Code produced by compiler must be correct.
Must be semantic preserving
 code produced by compiler should be of high
quality
Effective use of target machine resources
Issues in the design of code generator
Input to the code generator
Target program
Memory management
Instruction selection
Register allocation
Input to the target generator
Input representations of the source program
Linear form- postfix
Tabular form- quadruples, triples indirect
triples
Non-linear
 DAG
 Syntax tree
Target program
The back end code generator of a compiler
may generate different forms of code,
depending on the requirements.
Absolute machine code (executable)
Relocatable machine code(object files)
Assembly code
Byte code
Target program
Implementing code generator requires
understanding of the target machine
architecture and its instruction set
Our case:
Byte addressable (word= 4 bytes)
Has n general purpose registers R0, R1, R2…..
Two address instruction of the form
 Op source, destination
Target program
Op code examples
MOV - move content from source to
destination
ADD – add content of source to destination
SUB – subtract contents of source from
destination
Target program
Instruction selection
Machine is a simple, non-super –scalar
processor with fixed instruction costs
Realistic machines have deep pipelines, I-
cache,
D-cache etc.
Define the cost of instruction
= 1+ cost(source mode) + cost (destination-
mode)
examples
Instruction selection
Need for optimization
Suppose we translate 3-address code

X=Y+Z
MOV Y,R0
ADD Z,R0
MOV R0,X
Need for optimization
Register allocation and assignment
Efficient utilization of the limited set of
registers is important to generate good code
Registers are assigned by
Register allocation to select the set of variables
that will reside at a point in the code
Register assignment to pick the specific
register that a variable will reside in

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