Data Representation :
Number System
Prepared For :Zaamina
Data Representation
The term data representation means the
code or technique in which the data can be
represented.
Number Systems
Number systems are very important to understand
because the design and organization of a
computer depends on the number systems. The
four kind of number system used by the digital
computer –
1.Decimal number system
2.Binary number system
3.Octal number system
4.Hexadecimal number system
Decimal Number System
The decimal number system consists of
10 digits namely 0 to 9.
Since the decimal number system
consists of 10 digits, the base or radix of
this system is 10.
e.g (405)10 , (145.25)10
Octal Number System
The octal number system consists of 8 digits
namely 0 to 7.
Since the Octal number system consists of 8
digits, the base or radix of this system is 8.
e.g (76)8 , (55.25)8
Binary Number System
The binary number system consists of 2
digits namely 0 and 1.
Since the binary number system consists of
2 digits, the base or radix of this system is 2.
e.g (101)2 , (1001.11)2
Hexadecimal Number System
The Hexadecimal number system,
popularly known as Hex system has 16
symbols, therefore its base/radix in 16.
The 16 symbols used in Hexadecimal
system are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
e.g (45)16, (11A)16
Conversion between Number
Systems
Decimal into Binary
Step 1. Divide the decimal number by the
base of binary using the repeated-division
method.
Step 2. Note the remainder separately.
Step 3. Arrange the remainder in an order
where the first remainder noted is LSD and
the last remainder is MSD.
Conversion between Number
Systems
Decimal into Binary (Contd…)
Conversion between Number
Systems
Decimal into Hexadecimal
Step 1. Divide the decimal number by the
base of Hexadecimal using the repeated-
division method.
Step 2. Note the remainder separately.
Step 3. Arrange the remainder in an order
where the first remainder noted is LSD and
the last remainder is MSB.
Conversion between Number
Systems
Decimal into Hexadecimal (Contd…)
Conversion between Number
Systems
Decimal real number into Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal
Step 1. Multiply the fractional part by the
base of the numbers system (2, 8 or 16).
Step 2. Remove the whole number from the
product (the result of the multiplication)
and collect it separately.
Step 3. Repeat the step 1 and 2 with the
new fractional part till the fractional part
becomes zero.
Conversion between Number
Systems
Binary to Decimal
Any binary number can be converted into
decimal number using the weights
assigned to each bit.
e.g. (11011)2
Its decimal equivalent is
1x24+1x23+0x22+1x21+1x20 = (27)10
Conversion between Number
Systems
Binary to Hexa
1.Indirect Method:
Binary Decimal Hexa
e.g. (11011)2
Its decimal equivalent is
1x24+1x23+0x22+1x21+1x20 = (27)10
And its Hexa equivalent is (1B)16 (Division method)
Conversion between Number
Systems
Binary to Hexa
2. Direct Method:
Binary Hexa
Step 1: Make the group of 4-bits from right to left for integer
from left to right for fraction.
Step 2: Find decimal equivalent of each group.
Note: if the left most group (in integer) and the right most
group (in fraction) present with less than 4-bits make that
group by adding one, two or three zeros.
Conversion between Number
Systems
Binary to Hexa
Direct Method: e.g.
Binary Hexa
e.g. (101111)2 = (? )16
(0010 1111)2 = (215)16 = (2F)16
Conversion between Number
Systems
Hexa to decimal
Conversion between Number
Systems
Hexa to binary
Binary representation of integers
Binary equivalent of the integers are stored
in memory including one additional bit for
representing the sign of integers (positive
or negative).
If the binary equivalent of the integer
includes one additional bit for
representing its sign, that binary
number is called signed binary
number.
Binary representation of integers
There are three ways for representing the
positive and negative integers into its
binary equivalent.
1.Sign magnitude representation
2.One’s Complement
3.Two’s Complement
Binary representation of integers
1.Sign magnitude representation
In the sign magnitude representation,
positive number have a additional bit (sign
bit) 0, while the negative number has a
sign bit 1, while the magnitude is a simple
binary equivalent of the number.
E.g. +5 and -5 can be representing in 6 bit
register as:
+5 = 0 00101 and -5 = 1 00101
Binary representation of integers
Note: In every representation
technique , the
representation of positive
number is identical to that
used in the sign magnitude
system i.e simple binary form
including sign bit 0.
Binary representation of integers
2. One’s Complement representation
In one's complement, positive numbers are
represented as usual in signed magnitude.
However, negative numbers are represented
differently. To negate a number, replace all
zeros with ones, and ones with zeros - flip the
bits.
+12 = 0 0001100, and -12 = 1 1110011.
Binary representation of integers
3. Two’s Complement representation
In two's complement, positive numbers are
represented as usual in signed magnitude.
However, negative numbers are represented
by adding 1 in magnitude part of one’s
complement.
+12= 0 0001100
-12 = 1 1110011 (1’s complement)
-12 = 1 1110100 (2’s complement)
Binary Addition
Rule for Binary Addition:
0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 0 = 1
1 + 1 = 0 (Carry 1)
Binary Addition
Example:
Add 110101 and 101111
1 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Binary Addition
Example:
Add 10110 and 1101
1 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
Any Question…
