Book Two – Labor Code of the
Philippines
Human Resources Development
Program
Introduction to Human Resources
Development Program
• Book Two of the Labor Code of the Philippines
focuses on the Human Resources
Development Program. It aims to strengthen
the Filipino workforce by implementing
national manpower development strategies.
This includes technical education,
employment services, and opportunities for
special workers.
Objectives of the National
Manpower Development Program
• Outlined in Article 43, this program aims to:
• - Enhance employability through training and
education.
• - Promote self-reliance and entrepreneurship.
• - Ensure workforce development aligns with
national growth.
Key Terms Defined (Art. 44)
• Important definitions:
• - Manpower: Individuals qualified and
available for work.
• - Entrepreneurship: Training aimed at self-
employment and small business development.
Structure of the National
Manpower and Youth Council
(NMYC)
• Established under Article 45, the NMYC
oversees workforce policies.
• It includes representatives from labor,
education, and industry to ensure
collaboration.
Formulating the National
Manpower Plan
• The NMYC is responsible for creating the
National Manpower Plan (Art. 46).
• It assesses labor market needs and aligns
training with national development goals.
Establishment of Training
Institutions and Standards
• Articles 47–48 mandate the creation of
National Manpower Skills Centers across
regions.
• Training programs are standardized and
aligned with industry requirements.
Administering and Implementing
Training Programs
• Article 49 designates the NMYC to implement
and oversee training programs.
• Coordination with NGOs and local
governments ensures comprehensive
coverage.
Role of Industry Boards and
Employment Services
• Articles 50–51 establish Industry Boards to set
training standards and monitor outcomes.
• Public Employment Services provide job
matching and labor market information.
Private Sector Incentives for
Training
• Article 52 offers tax deductions for employers
that provide training programs.
• This encourages private sector involvement in
workforce development.
Secretariat and Functional Offices
of the NMYC
• Articles 53–56 create offices for planning,
operations, and evaluation.
• These ensure efficient program
implementation and monitoring.
Purpose of Apprenticeship
Programs
• Article 57 outlines apprenticeship programs to
address labor shortages and provide practical
training.
• These programs are essential for developing
skilled workers.
Definitions and Conditions of
Apprenticeship
• Articles 58–59 define apprentices as trainees
with formal agreements.
• Training includes both practical and
theoretical instruction.
Apprenticeship Agreements and
Wages
• Articles 60–62 require written contracts and
ensure apprentices receive at least 75% of the
minimum wage.
• The maximum duration is six months.
Training Delivery and Sponsorship
• Articles 63–64 allow training in companies,
schools, or public centers.
• Programs can be sponsored by employers,
civic organizations, or the government.
Regulation and Enforcement of
Apprenticeship Standards
• Articles 65–70 empower DOLE to investigate
violations and enforce standards.
• Training must include testing and an appeals
process is available.
Incentives and Exceptions in
Apprenticeship
• Articles 71–72 provide tax deductions for
registered programs.
• Unpaid apprenticeships are allowed as part of
formal education.
Definition and Conditions for
Learners
• Articles 73–74 define learners as semi-skilled
trainees for up to 3 months.
• Used when no experienced workers are
available.
Learnership Agreements and
Employment Commitment
• Articles 75–76 require clear agreements and
guarantee employment if training is
completed.
• Protects learners from exploitation.
Inclusion and Protection of
Handicapped Workers
• Articles 78–81 promote equal employment for
handicapped individuals.
• Employers must provide equal pay and non-
discriminatory conditions.
Summary and Significance of Book
Two
• Book Two integrates skills training,
employment, and social inclusion.
• It supports economic development by
enhancing workforce readiness.
Additional Facts on Human
Resources Development
• - The National Manpower and Youth Council
(NMYC), now known as TESDA, plays a key role
in implementing technical education and skills
development.
• - According to Philippine Statistics Authority
(2024), the unemployment rate was at 4.5%,
highlighting the need for continuous
manpower planning.
• - TESDA has trained over 2 million Filipinos
from 2016 to 2023 in various vocational and
