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Osteoarthritis 2

Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, is characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage in synovial joints, primarily affecting weight-bearing joints. It typically begins in the third decade of life, with a peak incidence between the fifth and sixth decades, and is influenced by factors such as age, trauma, obesity, and genetic predisposition. Treatment focuses on pain management, exercise, and in some cases, surgery, while prevention includes sensible exercise and avoiding stress on the joints.

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6 views12 pages

Osteoarthritis 2

Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, is characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage in synovial joints, primarily affecting weight-bearing joints. It typically begins in the third decade of life, with a peak incidence between the fifth and sixth decades, and is influenced by factors such as age, trauma, obesity, and genetic predisposition. Treatment focuses on pain management, exercise, and in some cases, surgery, while prevention includes sensible exercise and avoiding stress on the joints.

Uploaded by

abdalgaderalhaj177
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Osteoarthritis

• Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)


• Most common form of arthritis
• Degeneration and wearing away of the articular cartilage
 exposing bone .

Def :- It is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by a


degeneration & loss of articular cartilage in synovial
joints .
occurs most often in weight-bearing joints(hips, knees,
cervical and lumbar spine), the proximal & distal finger
joints are also involved
Incidence :-
• It begins in the third decade of life & peaks b/w fifth
& sixth decades . By the age 75 years 85% of
population has evidence of the disease .
• Males and females are affected equally .

Predisposing factors :-
• Age
• Continual exposure of joints to trauma, as in
sports
• Inherited predisposition .
• Obesity .
• Anatomic deformity
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
• No general symptoms
• Often affects only one large weight-bearing
joint, such as hip, spine, or knee
• Joint pain occurs often after exercise or weight
bearing
• Pain often relieved by rest
• Can be morning stiffness, aches during
weather changes
• Limited movement
• Fluid accumulation
• Types :-
1) primary (Idiopathic ).
2) secondary ( previous joint injury or
inflammation ).
• Diagnosis :- There is no specific laboratory tests
used to confirm OA.
*X.R show reduced joint space.
* Rh factors are normal.
* E.S.R sometimes elevated if there is synovitis
Prevention
• Sensible exercise routines
• Avoidance of activities that cause constant stress
Treatment
• Pain relievers (Intra-articular steroid, topical analgesic, heat
treatment, non steroidal anti inflammatory)
• Rest
• Surgery to correct deformity or replace joint
• Weight loss if overweight
Physiotherapy:-
• Modalities to relieve pain
• Posture training
• ROM and strengthening exercises, pool therapy
• Gait training, possibly with assistive devices
• Splints or orthotics for joint protection
Nursing Management
The goal is to :-
1) control pain.
2) Optimizing Functional ability by:-
 Wt reduction.
 Pain management before starting exercise.
 Encouragement of activities ( walking , swimming
 Ambulatory aids.
 Self care should be promoted

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