POKHARA UNIVERSITY

MADAN BHANDARI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
URLABARI-03, MORANG

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN THEORY-II
PRESENTATION ON ARCTHITECT’S PHILOSOPHY AND THEIR WORKS
PREPARED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
DILIP RAJBANSHI (08) ASST. PROF. PRADIP POKHREL
DURGA MAYA ADHIKARI (10)
MELINA AWAL (20)
DATE: 05/07/2024
Architect, Engineer Santiago Calatrava Valls
Introduction
• Name: Santiago Calatrava Valls
• Date of birth : 28th July, 1951
• Spanish Architect
• Santiago Calatrava Valls is a Spanish neo-futuristic
architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter.
• Known for his innovative and dynamic architectural style.
• Calatrava’s designs look towards the future, not just in
terms of technology but also through the materials that
the architect uses.
• Santiago Calatrava has revolutionized the usage of
concrete and steel in architecture.
• Calatrava also has a predilection of using the color white.
• He has designed over 47 bridges so far, in cities all over
the globe.
• He has often tried to translate this idea of the flexibility of
structures into many of his projects with varied success.
• The human body has also been one of the major
inspirations for Calatrava’s designs.

Tenerife Auditorium
Design concept Style
Calatrava is inspired by natural forms in • Blends impressive visual style and the strict rules of
movement –waves undulating, trees bending engineering.
to the wind, flower petals opening. Especially, • Symbolic and recognizable the world over for the sense
he focus on the human body. of movement captured in a stationary object.
• Long sweeping lines, strak white materials and a
flawless use of glass and light.
• Had a definite vision of inside and outside, the concave
and convex, of how we face the specific world.

Design Philosophy
“I am an engineer, not just an architect, so I’ve
always been motivated by technique or technology.
A soon as technology moves just a little bit, it
changes architecture. There is progress”

L’Hemisferic
Cayan Tower, Dubai
Cayan Tower, Dubai
Project opening: June 2013
Use: Residential
Location: The lower part of the building is oriented towards the Dubai Marina Walk
The upper part is facing the Gulf
Building Height: 307 m
Levels: 75-storey building
Area: 111,000 m2
Architects: Ross Wimer, George J.Efstathiou

Concept
Design was inspired by the human DNA
composition
Form Spaces
• It has 90-degree twist sculptural form. • Floor plates are all identical. The same form of
• Building’s form follows its structural framework. systems used on every floor
• Hexagonal floor plates rotate around the circular base . • Building spaces include central circulation corridor
and residential units
 Structure
Materials
Stepped columns scheme • Reinforced concrete
• High-performance glass
• Metal cladding panels helps to shade the building interior
from intense sun

Basic structural system for the tower is a

cylindrical core

Integration with the site

• The twisting shape makes the
building stand out from the
architectural disharmony of the
Dubai waterfront.
 TOTALITY OF ARCHITECTURE
Meaning Character Spatial theme Others
• Simplifying • Freestanding Design Aesthetic Twisting geometry • Project that
complexity sculpture consideration integration and • The building began by
• Design was • Regular • Each floor plan facade was constructed twisting the
inspired by the components and reads not as a • Taking a cue using a 'jump rational, and
human DNA repeating floor pure rectangle from traditional form' system ended by
composition plans but as a faintly Arabic mashrabi that takes rationalizing the
chevron-shaped ya latticework, advantage of its twist.
• The tower is a hexagon. they defray the repetitive nature. • Each floor
high strength, • Glass-and- desert sun and • The twisting rotates 1.2
reinforced aluminum give a nod to shape provides degrees around
concrete column curtainwall regional excellent views a cylindrical
superstructure system customs of for the tower's elevator and
that rotates with • MEP( Mechanic privacy. residents service core, to
the twisting al, Electrical And • Hundreds of • The width, a vertical
shape to create Plumbing) balconies—all angle, and "spindle" at the
a helix. located at tucked stealthily spacing of building's center.
• Integration with central cylinder into the columns looks
surrounding recesses the same from
created by floor to floor
pulling the
curtainwall back
from the outer
screens
GERRIT RIETVELD
INTRODUCTION:
Name: GERRIT RIETVELD
Born: June 24, 1888, Utrecht, Netherlands
Died: June 25, 1964 (age 76 years), Utrecht, Netherlands
Period: De Stijl
• Dutch furniture designer and architect
• One of the principal members of the Dutch artistic
movement called De Stijl
• famous for his Red and Blue Chair and for the Rietveld
Schröder House, which is now a UNESCO World
Rietveld famous furniture
- Red and Blue chair
Heritage Site
- Zig-Zag Chair
• Designed his famous red and blue chair in 1917
• become an architect in 1919
• Got influenced by the "De Stijl" Movement and became
a member in the same year
• Designed his first building, the Rietveld Schröder
House, in 1924
• Gerrit Reitveld was a proponent of the "De Stijl"
Movement, which supported simplicity and abstraction
"De Stijl” (The Style) Famous Buildings
• Dutch for "The Style", also known as neoplasticism • Schroder house
• Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917 • The Dutch pavilion
• Ultimate simplicity and abstraction, architecture and • The sculptor pavilion
painting • Van Gogh museum in Amsterdam
• Using only straight horizontal and lines, with square and • Rietveld's Schroder House
rectangular forms
• Asymmmetry was combined very strongly
• Formal vocabulary limited to the primary colours, red,
yellow, and blue, and the three primary values, black
white, and grey
Schroder-House
• Year: 1925
• Architectural Style: De Stijl
• Location: Utrecht, Netherlands
• designed in complete accordance with the De Stijl
style, which was marked by primary colors and pure
ideas.
• an icon of the Modern Movement is its radical approach
to design, the use of space, and the purity of its
concepts and ideas as represented in the De Stijl
movement.
 PLAN LAYOUTS (GROUND LEVEL)
• Building has a centralized core consisting of
the spiral staircase.
• Staircase runs connecting both levels of the
building
• Living areas have been planned around this
central area of the house.

PLAN LAYOUTS (UPPER LEVEL)

• The core area, being the set of circular
stairs is shown as a black box from which
other areas on the floor can be accessed.
• upper level can be divided into four main
areas which three cantilevered balconies
can be accessed.
ELEVATIONS
• Visual independence of the components and of the blurring between the interior and exterior (colour,
placement and separation)
• Visually separated by colour, specifically: red, blue, yellow, three different shades of grey, black and white.
• Different lighting conditions that can occur on site
• Southwest elevation where lintels of the building are painted black.
• As windows during daytime appear black, making the lintels black optically removes the appearance of the
lintels therefore we have the sense that the planes of glass meet the balcony and roof without interruption,
and even support it.
STRUCTURE & CONSTRUCTION
• Traditional dutch brick and wood construction
• Concrete at the time was a relatively new material and
rietveld was not particularly experienced with it.
• Constructed out of concrete was the foundation and the
horizontal and vertical balcony slabs.
• Concrete balcony couldn't be supported solely by the brick
wall, rietveld added a horizontal "i" beam under the balcony
slap that interlocks with a vertical stanchion for extra support.
 TOTALITY OF ARCHITECTURE
Meaning Character Spatial theme Others
• House was • Characteristic Spatial Openness and Holistic design
spacious, simple features include Arrangement natural light approach • The main
and functional. the fluid • Building has a • The iconic corner • Radical approach structure of the
• Three- transitions centralized core window on the to design, the use house is of
dimensionality – top floor of space, and the reinforced
height, width and between interior consisting of the • wooden panels purity of its concrete slabs
depth – in all and exterior, the spiral staircase. as shutters for the concepts and and steel profiles.
facets of the clean horizontal • Spatial windows creates a ideas as • Walls are made
design. and vertical lines arrangement, sense of peaceful represented in of brick and
and the use of which allows security in the the de stijl plaster; window
all primary gradual changes house. movement. Its frames, doors,
over time in • use of large transformational and floors were
colours, accordance with
alongside white, window and open quality of evenly made from wood.
changes in spaces connect matched spaces To preserve the
grey and black. functions. exterior and composed of strict design
• Cantilever balcony interior creating a independent standards about
• horizontal and dynamic and planes perfectly intersecting
vertical elements changing spatial met the goals of planes.
create a sense of experience the de stijl • expression of
balance and movement. artistic vision
movement • primary colours • modern living
• form, follow, and geomertric ideals
function shapes
References:
•
https://www.rietveldschroderhuis.nl/en#:~:text=The%20Rietveld%20Schr%C3%B6der%20House%20is,alongside%20
white%2C%20grey%20and%20black.&text=Rietveld's%20ideal%20house%20was%20spacious%2C%20simple%20an
d%20functional
.
•
https://www.designindex.org/designers/design/gerrit-rietveld.html#:~:text=Gerrit%20Thomas%20Rietveld%2C%20
Dutch%20architect,a%20UNESCO%20World%20Heritage%20Site
.
• https://rietveldoriginals.com/pages/gerrit-rietveld
• Turning Torso / Malmö (Overview) - Santiago Calatrava – Architects & Engineers
• https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/cayan-tower-designed-by-skidmore-owings-merrill_o
THANK YOU