DENTAL INSTRUMENTS
PAEDODONTIC X-RAY FILMS
Introduction
• Wilhelm Roentgen, a German professor of
physics, was the first person to discover
electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength
range commonly known as X-rays today.
Although, many people had observed the
effects of X-ray beams before, but Roentgen
was the first one to study them systematically.
Uses of x-ray
• Since its accidental discovery in 1896, the X ray has
been an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool.
• Produced by bombarding a target made of
tungsten with high-speed electrons, X rays are
absorbed by various tissues of the body in a
predictable manner.
• The rays are absorbed by dense bone, while they
easily pass through the soft tissue of internal
organs.
Uses of x-ray
• On photographic film, bone appears white and
soft tissues appear grey.
• While diagnostic dental and medical X rays are
low-intensity beams, high-intensity X rays,
capable of destroying tissue, are used in the
treatment of tumors.
• Rapidly dividing cancerous cells are especially
vulnerable to X rays.
Types of radiograph
• Extra oral; focus mainly on the jaw. They do not
provide enough details found with intraoral x-rays.
• Intra oral: These X-rays provide a lot of detail and
allow your dentist to find cavities, check the health
of the tooth root and bone surrounding the tooth,
check the status of developing teeth, and monitor
the general health of your teeth and jawbone.
• Current technology
Extra oral radiograph
• Posteroanterior radiograph
• Occipito mental
• Lateral oblique
• Submento vertex
• Orthopantomograph etc
Intra oral radiograph
• Periapical
• Bitewing
• occlusal
Intra oral radiograph
• Dimension of periapical radiograph
• Size 00=21x32mm
• Size 0=22x35mm for children
• Size 1=24x40mm for anteriors in adult
• Size 2=31x41mm standard size for anterior
and posteriors in an adult.
Intraoral radiograph
• Size of occlusal radiograph
• 57mm x76 mm
Intraoral radiographs
• Bite-wing X-rays show details of the upper and
lower teeth in one area of the mouth. Each bite-
wing shows a tooth from its crown to about the
level of the supporting bone. Bite-wing X-rays are
used to detect decay between teeth and changes
in bone density caused by gum disease. They are
also useful in determining the proper fit of a
crown (or cast restoration) and the marginal
integrity of fillings.
Intraoral radiograph
• Periapical X-rays show the whole tooth --
from the crown to beyond the end of the root
to where the tooth is anchored in the jaw.
Each periapical X-ray shows this full tooth
dimension and includes all the teeth in one
portion of either the upper or lower jaw.
Periapical X-rays are used to detect any
abnormalities of the root structure and
surrounding bone structure.
Intra oral radiograph
• Occlusal X-rays are larger and show full tooth
development and placement. Each X-ray
reveals the entire arch of teeth in either the
upper or lower jaw.
X-RAY MACHINE
Periapical X-ray
POSITIONING FOR UPPER PERI-APICAL
FILM DEVELOPER
FILM PROCESSOR
FILM HOLDER
FILM POSITIONER
THANK YOU
