Application Software Development
The Software Development Life Cycle
Encompasses all activities from initial analysis until end of work Describes phases of the development process Gives guidelines for how to carry out the phases Software Development process Analysis Design Implementation Testing Deployment
Analysis
Decide what the project is suppose to do Do not think about how the program will accomplish tasks Output: requirements document Describes what program will do once completed User manual: tells how user will operate program Performance criteria
Design
Plan how to implement the system Discover structures that underlie problem to be solved create the architecture of the program Output: The workflow of the software is drafted
Implementation
Write and compile the code Code implements classes and methods discovered in the design phase Output: completed program
Testing
Run tests to verify the program works correctly Output: a report of the tests and their results
Deployment
Users install program Users use program for its intended purpose
The Waterfall Model
It is a sequential design process,in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) Sequential process of analysis, design, implementation, testing, and deployment When rigidly applied, waterfall model will not work
The Waterfall Model
The Spiral Model
Breaks development process down into multiple phases Early phases focus on the construction of prototypes (A prototype is an early sample or model built to test a concept or process or to act as a thing to be replicated or learned from) Lessons learned from development of one prototype can be applied to the next iteration Problem can lead to many iterations, and process can take too long to complete
Identifying Business Needs
It includes the following steps 1. Understand business definition and business domains 2.Organization goals 3.Core competence 4. Competitive stance
Business definition and Business Domain
It includes understanding the business and the different business lineups. Identifying the products ,process methods of business. The objectives and goals of the business should be clear Studying the environment and analyze your competitor strategies
Organization goals
Goals help define your organization, give direction and avoid chaos. Goals can help motivate members by communicating what the organization is striving for as well as providing a basis of recognizing accomplishments and successes. Organizations that set goals are more effective in recruiting members.
Goals
Officials goals. These goals are the formally stated goals of an organization described in its annual reports. Operative goals are the outcomes that the organization actually seeks to attain through its operating policies and activities. * Operational goals define the performance objectives and desired behaviors within an organization.
Core competence
Core competence are particular strengths relative to other organizations in the industry which provide the fundamental basis for the provision of added value. It fulfills three key criteria: 1.It is not easy for competitors to imitate. 2.It can be leveraged widely to many products and markets. 3.It must contribute to the end consumer's experienced benefits.
Core competence
A core competence can take various forms, including technical/subject matter knowhow, a reliable process and/or close relationships with customers and suppliers. It may also include product development or culture, such as employee dedication.
Competitive stance
Competitive stance gives information about the current market situation Gives information about the competitors in the market. The company has to decide how to place itself and the product between the competitors, in order to maximize the market share The competitive stance forms finally a competitive strategy. Eg:-Through SWOT Analysis
Functional Requirements of HRIS
Provide human resource management functions to track applicants, current employees, past experience and continuing education. Support entry and tracking of applicant information Provide ability to search for and list employees with specific skills Print staff list by job class within departments including phone numbers, emergency contact and other details
Functional Requirements of HRIS
Print report of employees with benefit changes Print evaluation forms on a monthly basis. Print new hires report showing name, department, position, status, start and orientation dates Support on-line search for employee data by employee number
HR software for Administrative and Operations Support
Stalin A Lecturer in Management DIST
Administrative and Operations support systems -process data generated by business
operations Major categories are: i) Transaction processing systems
ii) Office automation systems
Transaction Processing System (Operational/Administrative Software)
A transaction processing system is a type of information system. TPS collect, store, modify, and retrieve the transactions of an organization. A transaction is an event that generates or modifies data that is eventually stored in an information system. Process business exchanges Maintain records about the exchanges Handle routine, yet critical, tasks Perform simple calculations
Objectives of TPS Process data generated by and about transactions is stored Maintain a high degree of accuracy Ensure data and information integrity and accuracy Produce timely documents and reports Increase labour efficiency Helps to provide increased and enhanced service Helps to build and maintain customer loyalty Achieve competitive advantage
Office automation systems
Varied computer machinery and software used to digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic tasks. Raw data storage, electronic transfer, and the management of electronic business information comprise the basic activities of an office automation system.
Office Automation Systems Managing documents
Creation Storage Retrieval Dissemination Technology: Word processing, desktop publishing, document imaging, Web publishing
Office Automation Systems Scheduling
For individuals and groups Electronic Calendars Groupware Intranets
Office Automation Systems Communicating
Voice Documents TECHNOLOGY: E-mail, voice mail, digital answering systems, GroupWare, intranets
Office Automation Systems Managing Data
Employees, Customers, Vendors Desktop Databases Spread Sheets
Office Automation Systems Managing Data
Document Imaging system: Systems convert documents, images into digital form (e.g.: optical character recognition; microfiche) Juke Box: Storage & retrieving device for CD-ROMs & other optical disks
