Chapter I
1.2-History of Psychology
Warm-Up [5 min]
Research the term ‘Asset
Based Lens’
1-How does it relate to
education?
2-How does it relate to
psychology?
Carl Rogers and
Client-Centered
Therapy
Carl Rogers developed "client-
centered therapy," emphasizing
empathy, genuineness, and
unconditional positive regard.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=mmgOxMsBaJI
Reflection Questions:
• How does Rogers' non-
judgmental approach differ
from other therapy styles?
• In what ways does
unconditional positive regard
help clients grow and heal?
• Wilhelm Wundt founded psychology
as a formal science with
structuralism, focusing on breaking
down mental processes into basic
Wundt and components.
Structuralism • Structuralism relied on introspection
to study conscious experience,
though it faced criticism for being
too subjective.
• William James developed
functionalism, which emphasized
studying the function of mental
processes in adapting to the
James and environment.
Functionalism • Influenced by Darwin's theory of
evolution, functionalism focused on
how behavior and thought
processes help individuals survive
and thrive.
• Sigmund Freud introduced the
psychoanalytic theory, emphasizing
the unconscious mind and early
Freud and childhood experiences.
Psychoanalytic • His approach included dream
Theory analysis and the interpretation of
unconscious urges to treat
psychological problems.
Wertheimer, • Gestalt psychology focuses on how
people perceive whole patterns and
Koffka, objects, emphasizing the
organization of experience rather
Köhler, and than individual components.
Gestalt • It opposed Wundt's structuralism,
arguing that the whole is greater
Psychology than the sum of its parts.
• Behaviorism, led by Pavlov, Watson,
and Skinner, studied observable
Pavlov, behavior rather than internal mental
states, focusing on how behavior is
Watson, learned.
Skinner, and • Pavlov's classical conditioning and
Skinner's operant conditioning were
Behaviorism key concepts in understanding
behavioral responses to
environmental stimuli.
Maslow,
• Humanism, developed by Abraham
Maslow and Carl Rogers,
emphasized personal growth, free
Rogers, will, and the inherent goodness of
people.
and • Maslow introduced the hierarchy of
needs, culminating in self-
Humanism actualization, while Rogers focused
on client-centered therapy.
• Feminist psychology addresses
historical gender biases in
psychology and advocates for the
Feminist inclusion of women's and minority
perspectives in psychological
research.
Psychology • It challenges traditional theories
that marginalized non-male, non-
white experiences.
• Multicultural psychology studies
how culture influences behavior,
Multicultural thoughts, and emotions.
Psychology • It emphasizes that psychological
theories developed in one culture
may not be universally applicable.
Exit Slip: Is Menism
in Psychology
Necessary?
Based on today's discussion,
reflect on the following:
Do you think there is a need
for a menism movement in the
21st century? Why or why not?
Write your thoughts in your
notebook and prepare to
discuss them in the next class.
