QN1.
List the parameters use in
obstetric scan
BIOPHSICAL FOETAL PARAMETERS ARE:-
– Fetal heart rate monitoring
– Fetal breathing
– Fetal Gross body movements
– Fetal tone
– Amniotic fluid assessment
– Fatal weight
– Expected date of delivery
– Abnormal fetal deformity
– Fetal presentation
– Placental appearance and calcification
– Sex of the fetus
– number of fetus
QN2. LIST THE OBSTETRIC SIGN OF IUFD
absent of fetal movement
Regression of mothers breast size
Gradual retrogression of the fundal height (becomes smaller than the
period of amenorrhea).
Uterine tone is diminished and the uterus feels flaccid
Fetal movements are not felt during palpation.
Fetal heart sound is absent.
Egg-shell crackling feel of the fetal head is a late feature
Maternal pyrexia
Bundle ring of the abdomen
Boggy abdomen
Qn3. List 10 tumor markers with
their cancer
Continue……………
Continue……
Tumor marker Cancer
Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) CANCER OF THE CERVIX ,CA
ENDOMETRIUM
CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN CANCER OF THE CERVIX
CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN(beta Cancer of the endometrium
–Hcg
ALSO HUMAN EPIDIDYMIS PROTEIN
4
QN 1 Medical indication of
treatment of Ectopic pregnancy
HEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE PATIENTS
LOW hCG(< 5000mlU/ml)
SMALL MASS (<3.5 CM)
UNRUPTURED MASS
NO EMBRYONIC CARDIAC ACTIVITY
CERTAINITY THAT THERE IS NO IUP
WILLINGNESS FOR FOLLOW UP
NO SEVERE LAP
NORMAL BASELINE LFTs AND RFTs
QN. DRUGS USE IN ECTOPIC
PREGNANCY
METHOTREXATE
LEUCOVORIN(FOLINIC ACID)
VASOPRESSIN(PITRESSIN)
ANTIBIOTICS TO PREVENT INFECTIONS
QN. WHY ADVOCATE FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT
OF ECTOPIC PREGANCY OTHER THAN SURGICAL.
preservation of fertility
Reduced risks of complications
Shorter recovery time
Less invasive
QN. Risk factors for molar
pregnancy
extremes of age
Previous molar pregnancy
Low socioeconomic status
Dietary deficiencies like lack of folic acid
Multiple miscarriage
Low social economic status
QN. Difference between complete mole and partial mole
Features Complete mole Partial mole
Pathogenesis Paternal in origin. Ovum develop of any Genetic maternal received from both
maternal genome is fertilized either by parents. Normal ovum is fertilized by
one sperm that replicates or by two two sperms or occasionally by diploid
sperms sperm
Karyotype 46XX/46XY Usually 69XXX/69XXY/69XYY may be
tetraploid or mosaic
Pathology Absence of any embryonic materials Embryonic material present
Trophoblastic profliferation Diffuse Focal
Villous scalloping Absent Seen
Clinical features Uterine size 28-50% large for dates Small for dates
Theca lutein cyst 25-30% Rare
PIH 10-25% Rare
Post molar GTN 6.8-20% 2.5-7.5%
Immuno staining Negative for p57 Positive for p57
QN. Follow up treatment of molar pregnancy
Three consecutive normal weekly HCG assays.
HCG every 2 weeks for 3mths, monthlyx3/12, 2monthlyx6/12, then every
6months for 4-5 years.
Frequent pelvic exams.
CXR every 3months for one year
Contraception until one year of negative hCG titers have been achieved.
Contraceptive pills and GTT
Exogenous oestrogen and progesterone's increase progression and recurrence
rates.
Prolonged and persistent high hCG levels is an associated risk when contraceptive
pills are used for contraception.
A tumor may arise from a prior molar pregnancy with an intervening normal
pregnancy.( fisher et al.1992)
