Object Oriented Programming with Java

(Subject Code: BCS-403)

Unit 1
Lecture 1
AKTU Syllabus

Department of Computer Science ,ABES En

gineering College
AKTU Syllabus

Department of Computer Science ,ABES En

gineering College
Course Outcome
Evaluation Scheme
 Evaluation Scheme
• Assignment one per unit
• Sessional Test
• Attendance
Text Books
InfyTq JAVA Detailed Syllabus
Lecture 1

• Why Java
• History of Java
• OOPs Concept
• Features of Java
 History of Java

• Java is an Object-Oriented
programming language developed
by James Gosling in the early 1995.
• The team initiated this project to develop a
language for digital devices such as set-top
boxes, television, etc.
• Originally C++ was considered to be used
in the project but the idea was rejected for
several reasons.
• James Gosling and his team called their
project “Greentalk” and its file extension
was .gt and later became to known as
“OAK”.
 History of various Java versions
VERSION RELEASE DATE
JDK Beta 1995
JDK 1.0 January 1996
JDK 1.1 February 1997
J2SE 1.2 December 1998
J2SE 1.3 May 2000
J2SE 1.4 February 2002
J2SE 5.0 September 2004
JAVA SE 6 December 2006
JAVA SE 7 July 2011
JAVA SE 8 March 2014
JAVA SE 9 September 2017
JAVA SE 10 March 2018
JAVA SE 11 September 2018
JAVA SE 12 March 2019
 Why Java
1. Java is Easy to Learn
Java is beginner-friendly and one of the most
popular programming languages among new
developers. It has a syntax similar to English and
enables you to write, debug, compile, and learn java
programming fast.
2. Java is Versatile
Java follows the ‘write once and run anywhere’
principle and can be used for programming
applications using different platforms.
3. Java is Object-Oriented
Java is an object-oriented programming language
and this makes it scalable and flexible. Since it uses
the syntax of an object-oriented programming
language, the developers can create modular
programs.
4. Java is Scalable
Java is used everywhere, including desktops,
mobile, applications, and so on. It can effectively
run on any operating system and is ideal for building
applications. This scalability and versatility have
made Java a game-changing language across
multiple sectors and devices.
5. Java is Platform-Independent
Java has the ability to easily move across platforms and
can be run similarly on different systems. This critical
nature of being platform-independent at the source and
binary levels makes Java an essential language to learn
for developers.
6. Java Has a Rich API
Java has a rich Application Programming Interface (API)
system that includes packages, interfaces, and classes,
along with their methods and fields. This enables
developers to integrate various websites and
applications.
7. Java is Open Source
Most of Java’s features are open-source; this makes
building applications cheap and easy. Java has the
support of libraries like Google Guava, Maven, JHipster,
and Apache Commons, allowing developers a wide
choice to work with.
8. Java is Free of Cost
Java is a free-to-download software on Oracle Binary
Code License (BCL), enabling beginners to develop
applications easily and learn Java
programming effectively.
 OOPs (Object Oriented Programming System)

• Object means a real word entity such as pen, chair,

table etc. Object-Oriented Programming is a
methodology or paradigm to design a program using
classes and objects. It simplifies the software
development and maintenance by providing some
concepts:
• Object
• Class
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
Object - Objects have states and behaviors.
Example: A dog has states - color, name, breed
as well as behaviours -wagging, barking,
eating. An object is an instance of a class.
Class - A class can be defined as a template/blue
print that describes the behaviors/states that
object of its type support
Inheritance
When one object acquires all the properties and
behaviours of parent object i.e. known as
inheritance. It provides code reusability. It is
used to achieve runtime polymorphism.
Polymorphism
• When one task is performed by different ways i.e. known as
polymorphism. For example. shape or rectangle etc.
• In java, we use method overloading and method overriding to
achieve polymorphism.
Abstraction
• Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as
abstraction. For example: phone call, we don't know the internal
processing.
• In java, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction.
Encapsulation
• Binding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit
is known as encapsulation. For example: capsule, it is wrapped
with different medicines.
• A java class is the example of encapsulation. Java bean is the fully
encapsulated class because all the data members are private
here.
Features of Java
 Features of Java
• Object Oriented : In java everything is an Object.
• Platform independent: Unlike many other
programming languages including C and C++
when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into
platform specific machine, rather into platform
independent byte code.
• Simple :Java is designed to be easy to learn. If
you understand the basic concept of OOP java
would be easy to master.
• Secure : With Java's secure feature it enables to
develop virus-free, tamper-free systems.
• Architectural- neutral :Java compiler generates an
architecture-neutral object file format which
makes the compiled code to be executable on
many processors.
• Portable :being architectural neutral and having
no implementation dependent aspects of the
specification makes Java portable.
• Robust :Java makes an effort to eliminate error
prone situations by emphasizing mainly on
compile time error checking and runtime checking.
• Multi-threaded : With Java's multi-threaded
feature it is possible to write programs that can do
many tasks simultaneously.
• Interpreted :Java byte code is translated on
the fly to native machine instructions and is
not stored anywhere.
• Distributed :Java is designed for the
distributed environment of the internet.
 Java Source File Structure
• In Java, a source file typically follows a specific
structure to define classes, interfaces, and other
elements of the program.
• Package Declaration (Optional):
The package declaration is used to organize related classes
and interfaces into a package. It is the first non-comment line
in the file and is optional.
For example: package com.example.myapp;
• Import Statements (Optional): Import statements are used to
bring in classes or entire packages from other packages to use
in the current source file. They appear after the package
declaration (if present) and before the class declaration.
For example:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
• Class Declaration: A Java source file can contain one public
class (with the same name as the file) and any number of non-
public classes. The class declaration consists of the class
keyword followed by the class name and optional modifiers
(e.g., public, abstract, final). For example:
• Interface Declaration (Optional): Similar to classes, a
Java source file can also contain interfaces. The interface
declaration consists of the interface keyword followed by the
interface name and optional modifiers.
For example:
public interface MyInterface {
// interface body
}
• Class or Interface Body: The body of a class or interface
contains fields, methods, constructors, and nested classes or
interfaces. It is enclosed in curly braces {}.
For example:
public class MyClass {
private int myField;
public MyClass(int value) {
myField = value;
}
public void myMethod() {
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
// nested class
private class NestedClass {
// nested class body
}
}
• Comments: Java supports single-line comments (//)
and multi-line comments (/* */) for adding
explanations or documentation to the code.
 How to Run Java Program
• Write Your Java Program: Create a Java source file with
a .java extension.
• For example, let's say you have a simple program called
HelloWorld.java
public class HelloWorld
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
}
• Compile Your Java Program:
Open a command prompt and navigate to the
directory containing your Java source file.
Use the javac command to compile your
program.
javac HelloWorld.java
• Run Your Java Program: Use the java
command to run your compiled Java program.
java HelloWorld
This will execute your HelloWorld class, and you
should see the output Hello, world! printed to
the console.