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What Is Probability

This document provides an introduction to probability, emphasizing its importance in understanding randomness and uncertainty, particularly in computer science. It covers fundamental concepts, types of probability distributions, and real-world applications in areas such as data analysis, machine learning, and cryptography. Additionally, it highlights case studies from Nigeria and the significance of interpreting probability results for informed decision-making.

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4 views10 pages

What Is Probability

This document provides an introduction to probability, emphasizing its importance in understanding randomness and uncertainty, particularly in computer science. It covers fundamental concepts, types of probability distributions, and real-world applications in areas such as data analysis, machine learning, and cryptography. Additionally, it highlights case studies from Nigeria and the significance of interpreting probability results for informed decision-making.

Uploaded by

onyinyeinnocentia32
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUTM-CPT111

Introduction to Probability for


Computer Science

 Probability is a fundamental tool for


understanding
 randomness and uncertainty.
 This presentation will explore the concepts of
 probability and its applications in
computer science.
What is Probability? Definitions and Concepts

Fundamental Concept Key Terms

 Probability is the measure of the  Probability is expressed as a value between

likelihood of an event occurring. 0 and 1, where 0 indicates impossibility and


 It is a fundamental concept in 1 indicates certainty.
mathematics, statistics, and computer  Other key terms include events, sample

science. space, and random variables.


What is Probability? Definitions and Concepts …

Sample Space
1 The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.

Event
2 A subset of the sample space, representing a specific
outcome or set of outcomes.

Probability
3
A numerical measure of the likelihood of an event occurring.
Probability Distributions:
Discrete and Continuous
Discrete Distribution
A discrete probability distribution describes the probabilities of a
finite number of events, such as:
 the outcome of a coin toss or
 the number of defects in a batch of products.

Continuous Distribution
A continuous probability distribution describes the probabilities
of events that can take on any value within a range, such as
 the height of a person or
 the temperature of a room.
Probability Calculations: Formulas
and Examples

Basic Formulas Real-World Applications


Probability calculations involve Probability calculations are used in
using formulas to determine various fields, including computer
the likelihood of specific science, finance, and healthcare. For
events. These formulas may example, they can be used to
include  estimate the likelihood of a
 addition, multiplication, and system failure or
 conditional probability.  predict the outcome of a medical
treatment.
Applications of Probability in Computer Science
Data Analysis Machine Learning
Probability is used to analyze and interpret data. For
Machine learning algorithms rely heavily on
example, it can be used to identify trends, patterns,
probability. For example, Bayesian inference and
and outliers in data sets.
Markov chains are probabilistic models used in
Computer Graphics
machine learning applications.
Probability distributions are used to create
Artificial Intelligence
realistic effects, like simulating natural
Probability plays a crucial role in artificial intelligence,
phenomena or adding randomness to textures.
Cryptography especially in areas such as natural language
processing, computer vision, and robotics.
Probabilistic encryption techniques are essential
for secure communication, ensuring that data
remains confidential and tamper-proof.
Probability Case Studies: Nigerian
Illustrations

1 Market Pricing

Market traders in Nigeria use probability to determine fair


prices based on supply and demand dynamics.

2 Weather Forecasting

Meteorologists in Nigeria use probability to predict


weather patterns and issue warnings for natural disasters.

3 Game Simulations

Game developers in Nigeria use probability to create


realistic and engaging gaming experiences.
Interpreting Probability Results and Insights
Critical Thinking Decision Making Communication

Interpreting probability results Probability insights can inform Communicating probability


involves carefully considering decisions, such as whether to results clearly and effectively is
the context and potential invest in a project, launch a essential for ensuring that
biases. product, or make a medical information is understood and
diagnosis. acted upon.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
Fundamental Concept
Probability is a cornerstone of computer science, impacting various applications and fields.
Real-World Applications
Probability plays a crucial role

Note

Probability is a powerful tool with applications across various fields. By understanding


its fundamental concepts, you can
 gain insights into uncertainty,
 make informed decisions, and
 solve complex problems in computer science.
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