Learning Materials

Class VI – INTEGERS
 CHAPTER TEXT BOOK LINK

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VMvVWW__ZDB_5s0F2YH8y200XIWGi4ku/view?usp=sharing
 OBJECTIVES

 Understanding integers
 Determining the position of integers on number line.
 Absolute value of an integer
 Addition of integers and its properties.
 Subtraction of integers and its properties.
 Multiplication of integers and its properties.
 Division of integers and its properties.
 Power of integers
 Prerequisite
knowledge
1. Natural Numbers
2. Whole numbers
We should know
Introduction to Integers
There are so many situations where we have to use
negative numbers. Negative Numbers are the
numbers with the negative sign. These numbers are
less than zero.
Example
We use negative numbers to represent temperature.
 Integers
The collection of whole numbers and negative numbers
together is called the Integers.
All the positive numbers are positive integers and all the
negative numbers are negative integers. Zero is neither a
positive nor a negative integer.

Some facts about Integers

•Any positive integer is always greater than any
negative integer.
•Zero is less than every positive integer.
•Zero is greater than every negative integer.
•Zero doesn’t come in any of the negative and
positive integers.
 Representation of Integers on Number Line
To represent the integers on a number line, first, we have to draw a line and mark
a point zero on it.

Then mark all the positive integers on the right side with the same distance as 1, 2, 3… and the
entire negative numbers on the left side as -1,-2,-3…
 Example
To mark (-7) we have to move 7 points to the left of zero.

Ordering of Integers
From the above number line, we can see that as we
go to the right side the numbers are getting larger
and as we move to the left the numbers are getting
smaller.
Hence, any number on the right side on the number

line is greater than the number on its left. .

ABSOLUTE VALUE OF AN INTEGER

Video link:
https://youtu.be/jWw7iY1PYN4 (Explanation by teacher)
 Addition of Integers
1. Addition of Two Positive Integers
If you have to add two positive integers then simply add them as natural numbers.
(+6) + (+7) = 6 + 7 = 13
2. Addition of Two Negative Integers
If we have to add two negative integers then simply add them as natural numbers
and then put a negative sign on the answer.
(-6) + (-7) = - (6+7) = -13
3. Addition of One Negative and One Positive Integer
If we have to add one negative and one positive integer then simply subtract the
numbers and put the sign of the bigger integer. We will decide the bigger integer
ignoring the sign of the integers.
•(-6) + (7) = 1 (bigger integer 7 is positive integer)
•(6) + (-7) = -1(bigger integer 7 is negative integer)
 Addition of Integers on a Number
Line
1. Addition of Two Positive Integers
Example
Add 3 and 4 on the number line.
Solution
To add 3 and 4, first, we move 3 steps to the right of
zero then again move 4 steps to the right from point 3.
2. Addition of Two Negative
Integers
Example
Add (-2) and (-5) using a number line.
Solution
To add (-2) and (-5), first we move 2
steps to the left of zero then again
move 5 steps to the left of (-2).
As we reached to the point (-7), hence (-2) + (-5) =
-7.
This shows that the sum of two negative integers
is always negative.
 3. Addition of One Negative and One Positive
Integer
a. If a positive integer is greater than the
negative integer
To add (+6) and (-2), first we have to move 6 steps to
the right from zero then move 2 steps to the left of
point 6.

As we reached to the point 4, hence (+6) + (-2) = +4

b. If a negative integer is greater than the positive

integer
To add (-5) and (+4), first we have to move 5 steps to the
left of zero then move 4 steps to the right from point (-5).

As we reached to the point -1, hence (-5) + (+4) = (-1)

4. Additive Inverse
If we add numbers like (-7) and 7 then we get the result as zero. So these are called
the Additive inverse of each other.
If we add (-2) + (2), then first we move 2 steps to the left of zero then we move two steps
to the right of (-2).so finally we reached to zero.
Hence, if we add the positive and negative of the same number then we get the zero.

Example
What is the additive inverse of 4 and (-8)?
Solution
The additive inverse of 4 is (-4).
The additive inverse of (-8) is 8.
 Properties of Addition
i) The sum of two integers is also an integer.
Ex: +5 + (-9) = -4  +5, -9 are integers and the sum -4 is
also an integer.
ii) The sum remains the sum even if we change the order of the
addends.
Ex: 4 + 3= 7
3+ 4 = 7
Hence , the sum remains same.
iii) Sum of three integers remains same even after changing the grouping
of the addends.
Ex: 3 + (5+6) = 3+ 11 = 14
(3 + 5) +6 = 8 + 6= 14 Hence, sum is remaining same.

iv)When zero is added to any integer, the sum is the integer itself.
Ex: 25 + 0 = 25

v)Every integer has an additive inverse such that sum is equal to zero.
Ex: 5 + (-5) = 0 So, -5 is the additive inverse of 5 and vice versa.

vi) When one is added to any integer, we get its successor.

Ex: 10 + 1 =11, 11 is the successor of 10
 ACTIVITY
AIM OF THE ACTIVITY:
To add integers using colour beads.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
1.string 2. Blue beads 3. Red beads

PROCEDURE:
Each red bead represents -1.
Each blue bead represents +1.
As -1 + (+1) =0, so every pair of red and blue beads is
forming a zero pair.
 Example for THE activity
Example:

• Total no of zero pairs can be formed = 4 and two red beads

will be left.
• Hence -6 + 4 = -2 (two red beads).
 Subtraction of
Integers
If we subtract an integer from another integer then we
simply add the additive inverse of that integer.
(-3) – (-2) = (-3) + 2 = -1
(-3) – (+2) = (-3) + (-2) = -5

Subtraction of Integers on Number Line

1. Subtraction of Two Positive Integers
Example
Subtract 2 from 5.
Solution
To subtract 2 from 5, first, we move 5 steps to the right
from zero then move 2 steps back to the left.

As we reached to 3 hence, 5 – (+2) = 5 – 2 = 3

 2. Subtraction of Two Negative
Integers
Example
Subtract (-12) from (-8).
Solution
To subtract (-12) from (-8), first, we have to
move 8 steps to the left of zero then move
12 steps to the right of (-8).

As we reached to 4,
hence (-8) – (-12) = (-8) + (12) = 4

3. Subtraction of One Negative and One Positive

Integer
a. To subtract a positive integer from any other
integer.
Example
Subtract 3 from (-4)
Solution
To subtract (-4) from (3), first, we have to move 4 steps to
the left of zero then move 3 steps more to the left.

As we reached to (-7), hence (-4) – (+3) = (-4) + (-3) = -7.

b. To subtract a negative integer from any other integer
Example
Subtract (-3) from (4)
Solution
To subtract (-3) from (4), first, we have to move 4 steps to the right of
zero then move 3 steps more to the right.

As we reached to (7), hence (4) – (-3) = (4) + (+3) = +7

 Properties of Subtraction
i) The difference of any two integer is also an integer.
Ex: 3 – (+5) = 3 -5 = -2
-2 is an integer.
ii) When 1 is subtracted from any integer, we get its predecessor.
Ex: 6 – 1 =5
5 is the predecessor of 6.
iii) Zero subtracted from any integer is the integer itself.
e.g. -6 – 0 = -6
 Multiplication of Integers
Multiplication is basically repeated addition. Therefore multiplication of
integers is the repeated addition as:

(+ve )× (+ve)= (+ve)

(+ve ) × (-ve)= (-ve)

(6)× 8)= (+40)
(-ve ) × (+ve)= (-ve)
(9 ) × (-7)= (-63)
(-ve ) × (-ve)= (+ve)
(-13 ) × (+13)= (-169)

(-11 ) × (-121212)= (+1333332)

 Properties of multiplication
i) Product of any two integers is also an integer.

Ex: (-2) × 4 = -8 (-8 is an integer)

ii) Product remains the same even if we change the order of integers.

Ex: 5 × (-3) = -15 (-3) × 5 = -15

order changed but product is same

iii) Product remains the same even when we change the groupings of the integers.

Ex: [2× (-10)] × 3 = (-20) × 3 = -60 2× [(-10) × 3] = 2 × (-30) = -60

grouping changed but product is same

iv) Product of an integer and zero is zero.

Ex: 23 x 0 = 0
v) 1 multiplied by any integer is the integer itself.
Ex: 65 x 1= 65
1 x 52 = 52

vi) Distributive property of multiplication

Example 1: 5 x(10 + 1 )= 5 x10 + 5 x 1= 50 + 5 = 55

Example 2: 56 x (100+1)= 56 x 100 + 56 x 1= 5600 + 56 = 5656

Example 3: 75 x 99 = 75 x (100 - 1) = 75 x 100 – 75 x 1= 7500 -75 =7425
Hence, a x(b + c)= a x b + a x c
a x (b - c) = a x b – a x c
 Division of Integers

Rules:
Examples:
(+ve )÷ (+ve)=
(+40 )÷ (+5)=
(+ve)
(+8)
(+ve )÷ (-ve)= (-ve)
(+40)÷ (-5)= (-8)
(-ve )÷ (+ve)= (-ve)
(-40 )÷ (+5)= (-8)
(-ve )÷ (-ve)= (+ve)
(-40)÷ (-5)= (+8)
Properties of division
i) The quotient of two integers is not always an integer.

Ex: we have 6 ÷ (-2) = -3 (-3 is an integer)

Is 1 ÷ 2 an integer ? THINK…..THINK….THINK…..

No, its not an integer. Because 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5.

ii) When an integer is divided by the same integer, the quotient is 1.

Ex: 5 ÷ 5 = 1

iii) When an integer is divided by one, the quotient is the same integer.

Ex: -562 ÷ 1 = -562

iv) Zero divided by any integer is zero.

Ex: 0 ÷ 15 = 0
POWER OF INTEGERS
Video link:

https://youtu.be/zHqZVd30b0Y (Explanation by teacher)

KEY POINTS
• Positive numbers, negative numbers along with zero are called
integers.
• The opposite integers are at the same distance from zero.
• The distance between consecutive integer is same everywhere.
• A number to the right of a number is greater than the given
number.
• Absolute value of an integer is its numerical value without taking
the sign into account.
• The absolute value of an integer is greater than or equal to the
integer.
 KEY POINTS
• To find a number more than a given number, we proceed to the
right and to find a number less than a given number, we go to
the left.
• To add two positive integers or two negative integers, add their
absolute values and prefix the sign of addends to the sum.
• If integers have opposite signs, we find the difference of their
absolute values and prefix the sign of the integer whose absolute
value is greater.
• Zero is called the identity element for addition.
• Subtraction is the inverse of addition.
 KEY POINTS
• Negative of negative integer is the corresponding positive
integers.
• In multiplication, if the number of negative integers is-
• Odd, the product is negative.
• Even, the product is positive.

• one is the identity element of multiplication.

• Division is the inverse of multiplication.
• (-1) to the power of odd positive integer is equal to -1.
• (-1) to the power of even positive integer is equal to 1.
ACTIVITY (HELP THE BOY TO WIN)
WORKSHEETS
ASSIGNMENT
PROJECT WORK (ART INTEGRATION)

Prepare a maze involving all the

basic operations (addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division)
of integers.(Refer to activity ‘HELP
THE BOY TO WIN’)
Let’s have a quick review
 INTEGERS

MULTIPLICATION
DIVISION
POWER
(+VE)
(+VE) ÷(+VE)=(+VE)
×(+VE)=(+VE)

(+VE) ×(-VE)=(-VE) (+VE) ÷(-VE)=(-VE)

(-VE) ×(+VE)=(-VE) (-VE) ÷(+VE)=(-VE)

(-VE) ×(-VE)=(+VE) (-VE) ÷(-VE)=(+VE)