Date L2 Electronic configuration and Ions

Learning Objective: Draw and write the electron configuration of the 1st 20 elements

Do now task: Write the date, title and LO

LO: Success Criteria (Blooms)

Explain how ions form
Explain why all
Draw
elements in the same
and write the
group have similar
electronic
chemical properties
configuration of
elements
Keywords / terms today: MEP / Careers Links: Cross-curricular links:
Scientist, pharmacist,
Configuration
chemical engineer
Electron shells
Energy levels

Successful Tolerant Ambitious Resilient Loyal Inclusive Grateful Honest Thoughtful

 Starter – atomic structure

1. Name the 3 sub atomic particles

2. Which particle has the least mass?
3. Which particle has no charge?
4. In an atom what does the atomic number
represent?
5. How are symbols of elements always written?
6. What information is given by the atomic mass?
 C1.8 Electronic structures
You need to be able to:
1. State the maximum number of electrons in the first three energy levels.
2. Write the standard electronic configuration notation from a diagram for the first 20
elements.
3. Use the Periodic Table to find atomic number and determine the electronic structure
for the first 20 elements
4. Explain why elements in the same group react in a similar way
Useful video – Do NOT show in class
Cognito video lesson
• https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c2-gcse-aqa-h-c_1.09
 How many electrons per shell?

Each shell has a maximum number of electrons that it can hold. Electrons
will fill the shells nearest the nucleus first.

1st shell holds

2 electrons

2nd shell holds

8 electrons

3rd shell holds

8 electrons
Task 1:
Draw and write the electronic configuration / electronic structure of the
following elements.
1.Hydrogen (Model)
2.Boron (Model) Using the periodic table to determine
3.Oxygen electronic configuration
4.Aluminium 1. Atomic number = proton number: Shows
5.Argon the total number of electrons for that
6.Calcium atom.
2. Period number shows how many electron
shells / energy levels there are
3. Group number shows how many electrons
in the outer shell
● Atoms are arranged in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic
number
● Atoms are arranged in the periodic table in order of increasing number
of protons
● Study this definition of atomic number: Atomic number is the
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
The Modern periodic table
What are the columns in the periodic table called?
1 2 Groups 3 4 5 6 7 0

H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
The group number tells us how many electrons are in the outer shell of an atom.

E.g. all elements in group 1 have 1 electron in their outer shell. All elements in
group 3 have 3 electrons in their outer shell. All elements in group 7 have 7
elements in their outer shell. All elements in group 0 or group 8 have 8 electrons
in their outer shell (except Helium which only has 2 since it only has 1 electron
shell).

If an atom has an electronic configuration of 2.8.6 we can look at the last number
(6 in this case) and we can tell this element will be in group 6. Why? Because it
has 6 electrons in the outer shell
The Modern Periodic table
What are the rows in the periodic table called?
Periods
1 H He
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
The period tells us how many electron shells an element has.

E.g. all elements in period 1 have 1 electron shell.

all elements in period 2 have 2 electron shells.
All elements in period 3 have 3 electron shells.

If an atom has an electronic configuration of 2.8.6 it has three electrons shells

since there are three numbers. Each number represents an electron shell.

There are 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell and 6
electrons in the third shell.
Count the period by listing numbers down the right hand side. If you do it
on the left hand side you can easily make a mistake because it’s blank here.
Hydrogen is supposed to be there.
List the periods on your periodic table in the back of your book
Verba Relating electronic
configuration to groups and
l periods

What group and what period would an

element with electronic configuration
2,8,8,1 be in?

What about 2,8,3?

Periods represent electron shells
• Count the number of elements in a period to find out the maximum number
of electrons that can fit into that shell.
• The first period has only 2 elements in it, that’s why the first shell can hold a
maximum of 2 electrons
• The second and third periods have 8 elements each. That’s why the second
and third electron shells can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.
Verbal task
VERBAL
 C1.7 Ions
You need to be able to:
State what an ion is. – Self -study
Explain why ions have a charge.
Use the group number in the periodic table to identify the charge of that ion
Explain and draw how ions are formed
Use the periodic table to calculate PEN for ions
C1.7 Ions
Atoms are always neutral (The number of protons and electrons are the same)
Atoms can gain or lose electrons to form ions.
An ion is a charged atom or group of atoms

Only electrons
can be lost or
gained.
The number of
protons and
neutrons always
stays the same
Ions
If atoms gain electrons, there are more electrons than protons and the overall
charge is negative.
How is a sodium ion formed? Example.
Sodium atom: Sodium ion: Do NOT
11 protons = +11 11 protons = +11 copy into
11 electrons = -11 10 electrons = -10 book
Total charge = 0 Total charge = +1

+
loses
1 electron
Na Na

2.8.1 [2.8]+
(partially full outer shell)
(full outer shell)
 How is a fluoride ion formed?
Example.
Fluorine atom: Fluoride ion: Do NOT
9 protons = +9 9 protons = +9 copy into
9 electrons = -9 10 electrons = -10 book
Total charge = 0 Total charge = -1

gains 1 electron
F F

2.7
[2.8]-
(partially full outer shell) (full outer shell)
Apply
How is a magnesium ion formed? Task 2:
Magnesium atom:
Magnesium ion: Draw then
12 protons = +12 complete
12 electrons = -12
Total charge = 0

Mg

2.8.2
(partially full outer shell)
Task 3

• Write the electronic structure below each particle

 Verbal task:
Ion Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge
Magnesium
ion 12 12 10 A
Potassium ion 19 20 18 B
Fluoride ion 9 10 10 C
Oxide ion 8 8 10 D
Sulphide ion 16 16 18 E

Extension task (Verbal) Explain the charge of each

Task 4: State how many PNE there are in each of the following ions
Only answer f-i

Model first one

Verbal
Charge 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+/4- 3- 2- 1-

Positive ions are called cations Negative ions are called anions

Ask teacher to explain this

 AFL - Quizizz
Charges and groups:
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/60112a78cc361f0020e
a4907/charges-and-groups
Past paper
questions
Apply
How is a sulphide ion formed? Draw then
Sulphur atom:
Sulphide ion:
complete
16 protons = +16
16 electrons = -16
Total charge = 0

gains 2 electrons
S

2.8.6
(partially full outer shell)
Answer
How is a sulphide ion formed?
Sulphide ion:
Sulphur atom:
16 protons = +16 16 protons = +16
16 electrons = -16 18 electrons = -18
Total charge = 0 Total charge = -2

gains 2 electrons
S

2.8.6
(partially full outer shell)
4 marks
Answer
Model answer
Lithium loses one electron to gain a full
outer shell and become stable. It gets a 1+
charge

Bromine gains one electron from lithium to

gain a full outer shell and become stable. It
gests a 1- charge.

The oppositely charged ions attract each

other to form an ionic bond
 Past paper question
Explain the modern nuclear model (6)

• Success criteria – comment on the following

• Name the three sub-atomic particles
• Comment on their charge, relative mass and location
Answer
• The modern nuclear model consists of protons, neutrons and electrons.
• Protons have +1 charge, a mass of 1 and is found in the nucleus
• Neutrons have no charge, a mass of 1 and is found in the nucleus
• Electrons have a -1 charge, a mass of 1/2000 and is found in electron shells
outside the nucleus.
Task: Calculate the numbers of protons, electrons and neutrons in:

a) Chlorine-35
b) Chlorine 37

35 37

Cl Cl
17 17
Answer
Remember:
In atoms/isotopes the number of protons and electrons are the same.

The number of neutrons = big number – the small number

For Chlorine-35:
Protons = 17
Electrons = 17
Neutrons = 35-17 = 18 35 37

For Chlorine-37:
Protons = 17
Electrons = 17
Cl Cl
Neutrons = 37-17 = 20 17 17
• The atomic number and mass number of two isotopes of Chlorine are
shown in the table below
• Describe the structure of an atom of chlorine-35 and an atom of chlorine-
37.
• Hint: Explain how many protons, electrons and neutrons each isotope has

Isotope Atomic number Mass number

Chlorine-35 17 35
Chlorine-37 17 37
Answer
• Both isotopes have 17 protons and 17 electrons.
• Chlorine-35 has 18 neutrons (35 - 17 = 18)
• Chlorine-37 has 20 neutrons (37 - 17 = 20)

Isotope Atomic number Mass number

Chlorine-35 17 35
Chlorine-37 17 37