Emilio Aguinaldo
• First President of the
Republic of the Philippines
• Youngest President
• Undisputed General
• Revolutionary Government
• Philippine Independence Day
Manuel L. Quezon
• Second President of the Philippines
• First President of the Philippine
Commonwealth
• Father of Social Justice
• Father of National Language
• Commonwealth Government
• allow women to vote
• accept Jewish refugees
• transfer the capital city to Quezon City
Jose P. Laurel
• Third President of the
Philippines
• Puppet President
Sergio Osmeña
• Second President of the
Philippine Commonwealth
• Founder of Nacionalista
Party
• Shortest serving President
• First Speaker of Philippine
Assembly
THE THIRD TO
FIFTH REPUBLIC
OF THE
PHILIPPINES
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
1. discuss The Third to Fifth Republic of the Philippines;
2. enumerate the achievements of the administrations
during the Third, Fourth and Fifth Republic of the
Philippines; and
3. reflect on the influence of prior stages of Philippine
political developments on contemporary Philippine
politics.
“Name that One”
◦ Identify who the person is.
◦ 1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
The Third Republic
1. The Roxas Administration
2. The Quirino Administration
3. The Magsaysay Administration
4. The Garcia Administration
5. The Macapagal Administration
6. The Marcos Administration
Manuel Roxas
(May 28, 1946 – April
15, 1948)
He was elected as the third
President of the Philippine
Commonwealth, First President
of the Independent Republic of
the Philippines and the fifth
president of the Philippines
In an effort to solve the massive socio-
economic problems of the period, he
reorganized the government, and proposed a
wide-sweeping legislative program.
Elpidio Quirino (April 17, 1948
– December 30, 1953)
His goal as chief executive, as stated
in his first State of the Nation
Address, revolved around
strengthening the people’s
confidence in the government and
the restoration of peace.
• First Ilokano President from the
Ilocos Sur
• Founder of Social Security
Commision (SSS now)
In order to achieve these, the Chief
Executive travelled around the country to
inspect first-hand the condition of the
nation.
President Quirino’s six years’ administration
were marked by notable post-war
reconstruction, general economic gains, and
increased economic aid from the United States.
Basic social problems, however, particularly in
the rural areas, remained unsolved; Quirino’s
administration was tainted by widespread graft
and corruption.
Ramon Magsaysay
(December 30, 1953 –
March 17, 1957)
dubbed as Man of the Masses
To help the rural masses was the focal point of
the populist administration of President Ramon
Magsaysay.
In his first Executive Order, he established
the Presidential Complaint and Action
Commission, which investigated various
citizen complaints and recommended
remedial actions through different
government agencies.
The Commission served to boost
the nation’s confidence with its
government; it was seen as a
fulfilment of his promise, to
become a President for the people.
The principles of the Magsaysay
administration were codified in the
Magsaysay Credo, and became the
theme of leadership and public
service.
• died in a plane crash
Carlos P. Garcia (March 18,
1957 – December 30, 1961)
He promoted the “Filipino First”
Policy, to regain economic
independence; a national effort by
Filipinos to “obtain major and
dominant participation in their
economy.”
He campaigned for the citizens’ support in
patronizing Filipino products and services,
and implemented import and currency
controls favourable for Filipino industries.
“Austerity Program,” which President Garcia
described in his first State of the Nation Address as
“more work, more thrift, more productive
investment, and more efficiency” that aimed to
mobilize national savings.
The Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, through
Republic Act No. 301, aimed to prevent corruption,
and promote honesty and public trust.
The Macapagal Administration
(December 30, 1961- December
30, 1965)
President Diosdado Macapagal
During his inaugural address on December
30, 1961, emphasized the responsibilities
and goals to be attained in the “new era”
that was the Macapagal administration.
He reiterated his resolve to eradicate
corruption, and assured the public that
honesty would prevail in his presidency.
He also aimed at self-sufficiency and the
promotion of every citizen’s welfare, through the
partnership of the government and private
sector, and to alleviate poverty by providing
solutions for unemployment.
In the field of foreign relations, the Philippines
became a founding member of Maphilindo,
through the Manila Accord of 1963.
The regional organization of Malay states strove
for “Asian solutions by Asian nations for Asian
problems,” and aimed to solve national and
regional problems through regional diplomacy.
The Fourth Republic
(December 30, 1965 –
February 25, 1986)
1. The Marcos Administration
The Marcos Administration - Fourth
Republic (December 30, 1965 – February
25, 1986)
The last president of the Third Republic of the
Philippines was President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
Prior to the events of Martial Law, the first term of
the Marcos administration, as emphasized in his
inaugural address on December 30, 1965, focused on
“the revival of the greatness of the nation.”
President Marcos, was the first president to
be re-elected, in 1969, although the election
was tainted by violence and allegations that
Marcos used the treasury to fund his
campaign.
However, significant protests, such as the First
Quarter Storm, the communist and Moro
insurgencies, and civil unrest, heightened.
This made Marcos in 1972 declare
martial law and suspend the
constitution.
A new constitution calling for a
semi-presidential government was
approved in 1973, but Marcos still
ruled by decree until 1978, when
the Interim Batasang Pambansa
was elected.
However, opposition groups, whose leaders mostly
had already left in exile, boycotted the election, and
Marcos still allowed martial law to continue.
Marcos did end martial law in 1981, but opposition
groups still boycotted the 1981 presidential election,
which Marcos easily won.
Opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr. was slain upon his
return to the country in 1983.
By this time, the government was marred by alleged
rampant corruption and allegations of human rights
violations.
The opposition participated in the 1984 parliamentary
election and won several seats, but not enough to topple
Marcos' KBL.
To counter growing opposition, Marcos called a
snap election in 1986, the opposition nominated
Benigno's widow Corazon as their candidate .
Marcos was declared the winner, but the
opposition refused to accept the result, alleging
that the election was rigged.
The People Power Revolution drove Marcos from
power, and Aquino became president.
Aquino ruled by decree in 1987 when a new
constitution restoring the presidential system was
approved. In the ensuing legislative election, the pro-
Aquino parties won most of the seats in Congress.
Fifth Republic (1986–Present
Time)
1. President Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino
2. Fidel V. Ramos
3. Joseph Ejercito Estrada
4. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
5. Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino
6. Rodrigo "Digong" Roa Duterte
President Corazon
Cojuangco-Aquino
- the 11th president of the
Philippines and the first woman to
become president of the country.
The political landscape of the country at that
time did not look any better. To resolve this,
Aquino commissioned a referendum that
would be the framework for the new
government. Released in February 1987, the
new charter easily won the approval of the
public.
Cory Aquino can be praised for a notable political
reform made during her tenure that aimed to
decentralize political power in the government -
the 1991 Local Government Code (Mendoza and
Melegrito 2016)
President Fidel V. Ramos
He took office in 1992 and
immediately worked on the country’s
recovery and initiated the Social
Reform Agenda or SRA that was
oriented towards alleviating poverty.
He also led the implementation of Build
Operate-Transfer (BOT) law which resulted
into improved public infrastructure and
deregulated several industries that
liberalized the economy.
Under his term, the country also had improvements
in its relations to secessionist Moro Islamic Liberation
Front or MNLF.
He was the first Asian recipient of UNESCO Peace
Award this effort.
He also came to be known as the ‘Centennial’
President for his successful supervision of the 100th
anniversary of the country’s independence from the
Spanish rule celebrated in June 12, 1998.
President Joseph Ejercito
Estrada
He became the 13th president in
1998 after Ramos finished his
term.
He was the previous mayor in the
municipality of San Juan, Metro
Manila and vice president of
Ramos.
He gained support in the election for his promise to
begin a pro-poor administration that his predecessors
failed to promote in their respective platforms and
won with a wide margin.
This support spiralled down as his administration was
accused with corruption. Critics branded him of failing
to live up to his promises due to the resurfacing of
cronyism in the government.
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
She became the president after
Estrada was ousted thru People
Power 2 uprising.
In the 2004 Philippine National
Elections, Arroyo run and won the
presidential race - she was seated
into office for the second time.
Because of this, Mendoza and Melegrito
(2016) further explained that she became the
second longest sitting president in the country.
Arroyo pushed for a “Stronger Republic” geared
toward vigorous economic reforms under her
administration.
However, her administration was bombarded with
several controversies and impeachment attempts in the
last five years.
Discontentment lead to frequent protesters expressing
their disappointment and had their rallies at the streets.
President Benigno Simeon
Cojuangco Aquino III
a.k.a Noynoy and PNoy
was proclaimed as the 15th
president of the republic on June
30, 2010.
he has been criticized for his government's
slow response to help the victims of Super
Typhoon Yolanda, the Mamasapano massacre
and other crisis.
In spite of these negative impressions, Aquino left
the presidency with a stable democracy and a
higher Credit rating.
Fighting corruption was a major objective in his
administration to realize his election campaign
slogan "Daang Matuwid" or "Straight Path"
(Mendoza and Melegrito 2016).
President Rodrigo "Digong" Roa
Duterte
a.k.a. Rody
took oath as the 16th president of
the Philippines at Malacanang
Palace in Manila at 12 noon, June
30, 2016.
Duterte is a lawyer and politician;
he is the former mayor and former 1rst district
congressman of Davao City in Mindanao -an island
in the southern Philippines where Muslim
insurgents are based.
He is the first president to come from Mindanao.
Duterte is clamouring for a change in the
constitution from a presidential to a federal form of
government.
Duterte won the presidential race as an
outspoken, strong-willed crime fighter.
He is however criticized for his alleged support of
vigilante groups involved in extra-judicial killings to
fight crime.
President Ferdinand “Bong
Bong" Romualdez Marcos
On June 30, 2022, Ferdinand “Bong
Bong” Romualdez Marcos Jr. was
sworn in as the 17th president of the
Philippines at the National Museum
in Manila. He is the second child
and only son of late president
Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr. and former
first lady Imelda Romualdez Marcos.
Marcos had won the presidency by a
landslide 31, 629, 783, or more than 16
million votes ahead of second placer
presidential candidate Leni Robredo.
“Tag the Line”
Select one amongst the discussed administration in this lesson
and create your own tagline or promotional statement for it.
Write your output on a separate sheet of paper. Your tagline will
be checked using the criteria below.
Content - 15 points
Relevance to Theme - 15 points
Originality - 10 points
Structure - 10 points
Total - 50 points
Identification
Identify the terms being described in the following
statements.
1. The first president of the independent Republic of the
Philippines.
2. “President for the people.”
3. He established an authoritarian regime in the
Philippines that came criticism for corruption and for
suppression of democratic processes.
4. The first woman to become president of the
country.
5. She pushed “Stronger Republic”.
6. He is the first president to come from Mindanao.
7. He came to be known as the ‘Centennial’ President
for his successful supervision of the 100th
anniversary of the country’s independence from the
Spanish rule celebrated in June 12, 1998.
8. Under his administration, the Philippines became a
founding member of MAPHILINDO, through the
Manila Accord of 1963.
9. His administration promoted the “Filipino First”
Policy.
10. He gained support in the election for his promise
to begin a pro-poor administration that his
predecessors failed to promote in their respective
platforms and won with a wide margin.
Direction: Choose only one administration from
Third, Fourth and Fifth Republic and discuss the
significant events in that administration.
Assignment
In a ½ sheet of pad paper, list the powers of a
President.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!
